浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 678-687.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.04.13
吴佩聪1,2(), 张鹏2,3, 单颖2, 邹刚华2, 丁哲利4, 朱治强1,*(), 赵凤亮2,*()
收稿日期:
2020-12-23
出版日期:
2021-04-25
发布日期:
2021-04-25
通讯作者:
朱治强,赵凤亮
作者简介:
赵凤亮,E-mail:zfl7409@163.com基金资助:
WU Peicong1,2(), ZHANG Peng2,3, SHAN Ying2, ZOU Ganghua2, DING Zheli4, ZHU Zhiqiang1,*(), ZHAO Fengliang2,*()
Received:
2020-12-23
Online:
2021-04-25
Published:
2021-04-25
Contact:
ZHU Zhiqiang,ZHAO Fengliang
摘要:
氨挥发是稻田氮肥的主要损失途径之一。作为改良土壤和提高农业可持续性发展的优良农艺措施,秸秆炭化还田对氨挥发减排具有良好的效果。本研究通过土柱试验,设置不施氮肥(ON)、单施化肥(CT)、施用生物炭(BI)、生物炭+化肥(CBI)、添加秸秆(ST)、秸秆+化肥(CST)6个处理,研究了水稻秸秆直接还田和炭化还田对热带土壤-水稻体系氨挥发的影响。结果表明:与秸秆直接还田相比,炭化还田降低了稻田氨挥发排放通量和累积氨挥发量;与CT相比,CBI处理的累积氨挥发量减少了4.1%。这主要是因为生物炭具有独特的理化性质,可通过吸附降低田面水中铵态氮(NH4+-N)的浓度。秸秆炭化还田是控制热带水稻种植系统氨挥发、减少农业面源污染的有效途径。
中图分类号:
吴佩聪, 张鹏, 单颖, 邹刚华, 丁哲利, 朱治强, 赵凤亮. 秸秆炭化还田对热带土壤-水稻体系氨挥发的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(4): 678-687.
WU Peicong, ZHANG Peng, SHAN Ying, ZOU Ganghua, DING Zheli, ZHU Zhiqiang, ZHAO Fengliang. Effects of staw-derived biochar on ammonia volatilization in tropical soil-rice system[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(4): 678-687.
处理 Treatment | 有机碳 SOC/ (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N/ (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total P/ (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total K/ (g·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available P/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available K/ (mg·kg-1) | 阳离子交换量 CEC/ (cmol·kg-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ON | 6.44 | 0.64 | 0.75 | 12.25 | 83.0 | 142.0 | 4.37 | 6.46 |
CT | 7.31 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 12.06 | 94.6 | 136.2 | 3.36 | 5.41 |
CST | 8.35 | 0.91 | 0.78 | 11.65 | 77.9 | 121.4 | 4.73 | 5.85 |
CBI | 15.89 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 11.12 | 91.1 | 151.2 | 3.89 | 5.81 |
表1 土壤基本理化性质
Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of soil
处理 Treatment | 有机碳 SOC/ (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N/ (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total P/ (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total K/ (g·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available P/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available K/ (mg·kg-1) | 阳离子交换量 CEC/ (cmol·kg-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ON | 6.44 | 0.64 | 0.75 | 12.25 | 83.0 | 142.0 | 4.37 | 6.46 |
CT | 7.31 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 12.06 | 94.6 | 136.2 | 3.36 | 5.41 |
CST | 8.35 | 0.91 | 0.78 | 11.65 | 77.9 | 121.4 | 4.73 | 5.85 |
CBI | 15.89 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 11.12 | 91.1 | 151.2 | 3.89 | 5.81 |
图2 不同施肥阶段的氨挥发排放通量 箭头所示分别为施入基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥的时候,对应日期分别为8月2日、8月23日、10月4日。下同。
Fig.2 Ammonia volatilization flux at different fertilization stages The arrows show the time when basal fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was applied, respectively.The same as below.
处理 Treatment | 基肥期 Basal fertilizer stage | 分蘖肥期 Tiller fertilizer stage | 穗肥期 Panicle fertilizer stage | 全生长期 Whole growth period |
---|---|---|---|---|
BI | 18.20±0.36 Ac | 2.22±0.13 Be | 0.58±0.03 Cc | 21.00±0.52 e |
ST | 18.18±0.32 Ac | 2.37±0.16 Bde | 0.89±0.03 Ca | 21.44±0.51 d |
CBI | 20.36±0.28 Ab | 2.84±0.22 Bc | 0.69±0.09 Cbc | 23.89±0.59 c |
CST | 22.33±0.3 Aa | 3.22±0.18 Bb | 0.60±0.16 Cc | 26.15±0.65 a |
CT | 20.43±0.54 Ab | 3.66±0.31 Ba | 0.80±0.09 Cab | 24.90±0.94 b |
ON | 20.36±0.29 Ab | 2.43±0.27 Bd | 0.77±0.11 Cab | 21.01±0.67 e |
表2 不同处理下累积氨挥发量的动态变化
Table 2 Dynamic change of accumulated ammonia volatilization under different treatments kg·hm-2·d-1
处理 Treatment | 基肥期 Basal fertilizer stage | 分蘖肥期 Tiller fertilizer stage | 穗肥期 Panicle fertilizer stage | 全生长期 Whole growth period |
---|---|---|---|---|
BI | 18.20±0.36 Ac | 2.22±0.13 Be | 0.58±0.03 Cc | 21.00±0.52 e |
ST | 18.18±0.32 Ac | 2.37±0.16 Bde | 0.89±0.03 Ca | 21.44±0.51 d |
CBI | 20.36±0.28 Ab | 2.84±0.22 Bc | 0.69±0.09 Cbc | 23.89±0.59 c |
CST | 22.33±0.3 Aa | 3.22±0.18 Bb | 0.60±0.16 Cc | 26.15±0.65 a |
CT | 20.43±0.54 Ab | 3.66±0.31 Ba | 0.80±0.09 Cab | 24.90±0.94 b |
ON | 20.36±0.29 Ab | 2.43±0.27 Bd | 0.77±0.11 Cab | 21.01±0.67 e |
处理 Treatment | 基肥期 Basal fertilizer stage | 分蘖肥期 Tiller fertilizer stage | 穗肥期 Panicle fertilizer stage |
---|---|---|---|
BI | 6.72±0.08 b | 7.38±0.04 b | 7.23±0.07 a |
ST | 7.18±0.11 a | 7.59±0.06 a | 7.38±0.05 a |
CBI | 6.74±0.06 b | 6.92±0.06 c | 7.48±0.03 a |
CST | 7.08±0.08 a | 7.51±0.05 ab | 7.44±0.04 a |
CT | 6.62±0.09 bc | 6.88±0.08 c | 7.08±0.05 b |
ON | 6.49±0.07 c | 7.01±0.04 c | 7.49±0.02 a |
表3 田面水pH
Table 3 pH of surface water
处理 Treatment | 基肥期 Basal fertilizer stage | 分蘖肥期 Tiller fertilizer stage | 穗肥期 Panicle fertilizer stage |
---|---|---|---|
BI | 6.72±0.08 b | 7.38±0.04 b | 7.23±0.07 a |
ST | 7.18±0.11 a | 7.59±0.06 a | 7.38±0.05 a |
CBI | 6.74±0.06 b | 6.92±0.06 c | 7.48±0.03 a |
CST | 7.08±0.08 a | 7.51±0.05 ab | 7.44±0.04 a |
CT | 6.62±0.09 bc | 6.88±0.08 c | 7.08±0.05 b |
ON | 6.49±0.07 c | 7.01±0.04 c | 7.49±0.02 a |
图5 不同处理土壤NH4+-N含量变化 同一时期柱上无相同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著。下同。
Fig.5 Changes of NH4+-N content in soil treated with different treatments Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences between different treatments in the same period. The same as below.
指标 Index | 氨挥发排放通量 Ammonia volatilization flux | 田面水pH pH of surface water | 田面水NH4+-N NH4+-N of surface water | 田面水NO3--N NO3--N of surface water | 土壤NH4+-N Soil NH4+-N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
田面水pH | -0.135* | ||||
pH of surface water | |||||
田面水NH4+-N | 0.344** | -0.213** | |||
NH4+-N of surface water | |||||
田面水NO3--N | 0.324** | -0.307** | 0.328** | ||
NO3--N of surface water | |||||
土壤NH4+-N | 0.741** | -0.429* | 0.683** | 0.482** | |
Soil NH4+-N | |||||
土壤NO3--N | 0.541** | -0.501** | 0.556** | 0.452** | 0.802** |
Soil NO3--N |
表4 土壤氨挥发通量与土壤、田面水理化指标之间的相关性
Table 4 Correlation analysis between soil ammonia volatilization and physic-chemical indexes of soil and surface water
指标 Index | 氨挥发排放通量 Ammonia volatilization flux | 田面水pH pH of surface water | 田面水NH4+-N NH4+-N of surface water | 田面水NO3--N NO3--N of surface water | 土壤NH4+-N Soil NH4+-N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
田面水pH | -0.135* | ||||
pH of surface water | |||||
田面水NH4+-N | 0.344** | -0.213** | |||
NH4+-N of surface water | |||||
田面水NO3--N | 0.324** | -0.307** | 0.328** | ||
NO3--N of surface water | |||||
土壤NH4+-N | 0.741** | -0.429* | 0.683** | 0.482** | |
Soil NH4+-N | |||||
土壤NO3--N | 0.541** | -0.501** | 0.556** | 0.452** | 0.802** |
Soil NO3--N |
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