氮肥减量配施生物炭对水稻氮素吸收和土壤理化性质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.02.17

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 394-402.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.02.17

氮肥减量配施生物炭对水稻氮素吸收和土壤理化性质的影响

阮泽斌(), 王兰鸽, 蓝王凯宁, 徐彦, 陈俊辉, 柳丹()

浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州 311300

收稿日期:2022-03-01 出版日期:2023-02-25 发布日期:2023-03-14
通讯作者: 柳丹
作者简介:*柳丹,E-mail: liudan7812@aliyun.com
阮泽斌(1997—),男,浙江慈溪人,硕士研究生,从事植物营养与农业资源利用研究。E-mail: 705810886@qq.com
基金资助:
浙江省自然科学基金(LZ20C160003)

Effects of nitrogen reduction and biochar on nitrogen uptake by rice and soil physiochemical properties

RUAN Zebin(), WANG Lange, LAN Wangkaining, XU Yan, CHEN Junhui, LIU Dan()

School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2022-03-01 Online:2023-02-25 Published:2023-03-14
Contact: LIU Dan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过分析不同减氮水平下添加生物炭处理对水稻氮素吸收、土壤养分和酶活性的影响,为稻田土壤肥力培育和氮肥减施增效提供科学依据。通过设置盆栽试验,分析了不同氮肥用量和配施生物炭共计7个处理下土壤养分、酶活性和水稻不同部位氮素含量的差异。试验结果表明:与常规施氮处理(N100)相比,化肥减量处理的土壤铵态氮含量显著(P<0.05)提升37.5%~49.2%。添加生物炭处理的土壤pH值和有效磷含量分别显著(P<0.05)提升0.23~0.31个pH单位和16.1%~29.2%。与N100相比,适量减氮和添加生物炭可显著(P<0.05)提高土壤酶活性;减氮20%的处理(N80)较N100显著(P<0.05)提升水稻茎和穗的氮含量,增幅分别为24.2%和11.1%。减氮20%并配施生物炭的处理(BN80)较N80显著(P<0.05)提升水稻根、茎、叶、穗的含氮量,同时BN80、N80和BN60(减氮40%并配施生物炭的处理)的氮肥表观利用率较N100分别显著(P<0.05)提升25.5、16.3和19.4百分点。氮肥表观利用率与α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、木聚糖苷酶、N-乙酰基-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶、酸性磷酸酶活性呈显著(P<0.05)正相关。BN80能够提升土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性,促进水稻氮素吸收,可作为氮肥减量增效的一种有效方式。

关键词: 氮肥减量, 生物炭, 胞外酶活性, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

The effects of biochar addition under different nitrogen reduction levels on rice nitrogen uptake, soil nutrients and enzyme activities were analyzed to provide scientific basis for nitrogen reduction and efficiency improvement and soil fertility promotion in paddy fields. Pot experiment was conducted to analyze the differences of soil nutrients contents, enzyme activities and nitrogen content in different parts of rice under seven treatments of different nitrogen dosage and combined biochar application. The results showed that compared with the conventional nitrogen application treatment (N100), the ammonium nitrogen content in soil under chemical fertilizer reduction treatments increased significantly (P<0.05) by 37.5%-49.2%. The pH value and available P contents in soil treated with biochar were significantly (P<0.05) increased by 0.23-0.31 pH unit and 16.1%-29.2%, respectively. Compared with N100, moderate nitrogen reduction and biochar addition could significantly (P<0.05) increase soil enzyme activity. N80 (the treatment with 20% N reduction) significantly (P<0.05) increased stem and ear nitrogen content by 24.2% and 11.1%, respectively. The nitrogen contents in roots, stems, leaves and ears of rice were significantly (P<0.05) increased under BN80 (the treatment with 20% N reduction combined with biochar) than N80, and the apparent nitrogen use efficiencies of BN80, N80 and BN60 (the treatment with 40% N reduction combiaed with biochar) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of N100 by 25.5, 16.3 and 19.4 percent point. The apparent nitrogen use efficiency was positively correlated with activities of α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase. BN80 could increase soil nutrients contents and soil enzymes activities, and promote the nitrogen uptake by rice, which could be used as an effective way for nitrogen reduction and efficiency improvement.

Key words: nitrogen reduction, biochar, extracellular enzyme activity, nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

S511
S147.2

阮泽斌, 王兰鸽, 蓝王凯宁, 徐彦, 陈俊辉, 柳丹. 氮肥减量配施生物炭对水稻氮素吸收和土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(2): 394-402.

RUAN Zebin, WANG Lange, LAN Wangkaining, XU Yan, CHEN Junhui, LIU Dan. Effects of nitrogen reduction and biochar on nitrogen uptake by rice and soil physiochemical properties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(2): 394-402.

图/表 6

表1 不同处理对土壤理化性质的影响

Table 1 Effects of different treatments on physicochemical properties of soil

处理 Treatment	pH	有机碳 Organic carbon/ (mg·kg^-1)	N $H_{4}^{+}$ -N/ (mg·kg^-1)	N $O_{3}^{-}$ -N/ (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Effective N/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	5.72±0.06 b	17.62±0.94 b	10.14±0.52 b	1.62±0.29 a	258.81±6.15 a	12.10±0.76 cd	36.00±3.61 b
N100	5.54±0.11 c	18.35±0.82 b	10.29±0.61 b	1.11±0.19 a	248.08±2.83 a	11.06±0.40 d	24.00±3.00 b
BN100	5.95±0.08 a	22.75±0.20 a	10.71±0.61 b	1.15±0.39 a	258.81±2.46 a	14.29±0.42 a	67.67±1.15 a
N80	5.65±0.04 bc	18.39±1.57 b	14.15±1.02 a	1.29±0.24 a	246.74±4.65 a	11.69±0.77 cd	32.00±4.00 b
BN80	6.01±0.08 a	19.56±3.89 b	15.35±0.62 a	1.66±0.14 a	262.57±11.64 a	13.86±0.77 ab	94.67±4.51 a
N60	5.64±0.06 bc	15.66±0.50 b	14.47±0.81 a	1.52±0.35 a	255.86±3.51 a	7.95±1.11 e	26.33±2.08 b
BN60	6.03±0.14 a	17.56±1.55 b	14.59±1.36 a	1.31±0.27 a	259.88±12.95 a	12.84±0.64 bc	58.67±1.53 ab

表1 不同处理对土壤理化性质的影响

Table 1 Effects of different treatments on physicochemical properties of soil

处理 Treatment	pH	有机碳 Organic carbon/ (mg·kg^-1)	N $H_{4}^{+}$ -N/ (mg·kg^-1)	N $O_{3}^{-}$ -N/ (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Effective N/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	5.72±0.06 b	17.62±0.94 b	10.14±0.52 b	1.62±0.29 a	258.81±6.15 a	12.10±0.76 cd	36.00±3.61 b
N100	5.54±0.11 c	18.35±0.82 b	10.29±0.61 b	1.11±0.19 a	248.08±2.83 a	11.06±0.40 d	24.00±3.00 b
BN100	5.95±0.08 a	22.75±0.20 a	10.71±0.61 b	1.15±0.39 a	258.81±2.46 a	14.29±0.42 a	67.67±1.15 a
N80	5.65±0.04 bc	18.39±1.57 b	14.15±1.02 a	1.29±0.24 a	246.74±4.65 a	11.69±0.77 cd	32.00±4.00 b
BN80	6.01±0.08 a	19.56±3.89 b	15.35±0.62 a	1.66±0.14 a	262.57±11.64 a	13.86±0.77 ab	94.67±4.51 a
N60	5.64±0.06 bc	15.66±0.50 b	14.47±0.81 a	1.52±0.35 a	255.86±3.51 a	7.95±1.11 e	26.33±2.08 b
BN60	6.03±0.14 a	17.56±1.55 b	14.59±1.36 a	1.31±0.27 a	259.88±12.95 a	12.84±0.64 bc	58.67±1.53 ab

表2 不同处理对土壤酶活性的影响

Table 2 Effects of different treatments on soil enzymes activities nmol·g-1·h-1

处理 Treatment	AG	BG	NAG	LAP	CB	XYL	PHOS
CK	18.19±0.35 c	60.74±0.26 c	36.16±1.48 c	9.56±0.37 a	23.34±0.30 b	34.04±1.47 c	305.09±19.65 b
N100	21.40±0.50 bc	64.12±3.35 bc	38.37±0.64 c	10.21±0.15 a	24.04±0.60 b	35.23±3.34 bc	300.21±6.08 b
BN100	25.10±1.38 ab	68.39±1.82 ab	40.94±4.03 bc	11.33±0.52 a	27.11±1.88 a	41.17±3.03 ab	349.19±17.52 a
N80	23.29±2.21 abc	68.33±3.22 ab	43.82±1.45 ab	10.08±2.64 a	23.17±1.13 b	37.89±1.04 bc	307.28±18.06 b
BN80	27.05±2.31 a	72.43±2.87 a	47.73±3.48 a	11.49±2.27 a	26.74±0.68 a	44.82±3.65 a	361.96±31.49 a
N60	25.08±3.34 ab	63.70±1.44 bc	41.95±1.75 b	10.47±0.94 a	22.44±0.34 b	36.06±2.87 bc	306.80±23.21 b
BN60	26.45±1.18 a	68.98±3.10 ab	42.74±2.31 b	10.91±0.66 a	26.76±3.00 a	41.06±3.04 ab	358.76±3.41 a

图1 不同处理对水稻各部位氮含量的影响同一部位柱上无相同字母的表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.1 Effect of different treatments on nitrogen content in various parts of rice Bars marked without the same letters in the same part indicated significant difference at P<0.05.

图2 不同处理对水稻地上部氮积累量的影响图中数据以盆计。柱上无相同字母的表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.2 Effect of different treatments on nitrogen accumulation in aboveground parts of rice Data in the above figure was recorded by pot. Bars marked without the same letters indicated significant difference at P<0.05.

表3 减氮配施生物炭对水稻氮肥表观利用率的影响

Table 3 Effect of nitrogen reduction combined with biochar on apparent nitrogen use efficiency of rice %

处理 Treatment	氮肥表观利用率 Apparent nitrogen use efficiency
N100	32.6±2.6 c
BN100	36.9±4.8 c
N80	48.9±5.3 b
BN80	58.1±4.9 a
N60	31.1±4.2 c
BN60	52.0±3.1 ab

图3 土壤胞外酶活性、土壤养分含量与水稻氮素吸收的相关性 OC,土壤有机碳;AN,土壤铵态氮;NN,土壤硝态氮;EN,土壤碱解氮;AP,土壤有效磷;AK,土壤速效钾;RN,根氮含量;SN,茎氮含量;LN,叶氮含量;PN,穗氮含量;NC,地上部氮积累量;NUE,氮肥表观利用率。“*”表示显著(P<0.05)相关。

Fig.3 Correlation of soil extracellular enzymes activities, soil nutrients contents and nitrogen uptake in rice OC, Soil organic carbon; AN, Soil ammonium nitrogen; NN, Soil nitrate nitrogen; EN, Soil effective N; AP, Soil available P; AK, Soil available K; RN, Nitrogen content in root; SN, Nitrogen content in stem; LN, Nitrogen content in leaf; PN, Nitrogen content in panicle; NC, Nitrogen accumulation in aboveground parts; NUE, Apparent nitrogen use efficiency. “*” indicates significant correlation at P<0.05.

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氮肥减量配施生物炭对水稻氮素吸收和土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of nitrogen reduction and biochar on nitrogen uptake by rice and soil physiochemical properties

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