亚热带残积与坡积母质发育的低山林地土壤性状比较

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240469

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1121-1129.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240469

亚热带残积与坡积母质发育的低山林地土壤性状比较

卓文琪¹^,²(), 麻万诸²^,^*(), 卓志清², 朱康莹²

1.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州 311300
2.浙江省农业科学院数字农业研究所,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2024-05-28 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-11
作者简介:卓文琪(1998—),女,广东珠海人,硕士研究生,从事农业(土地)资源开发与利用研究。E-mail:zhuo-wenqi@qq.com
通讯作者: *麻万诸,E-mail:mawzh@zaas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家科技基础性工作专项(2008FY110600)

Comparison of properties between soils developed from eluvium and deluvium in subtropical low mountain forest land

ZHUO Wenqi¹^,²(), MA Wanzhu²^,^*(), ZHUO Zhiqing², ZHU Kangying²

1. College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2024-05-28 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

母质类型是影响土壤形成的五大因素之一。残积物与坡积物是形成山地土壤的两大类母质,但关于它们形成的土壤之间差异的研究较少。该研究以浙西钱江源国家森林公园为例,通过对剖面土壤颜色、颗粒组成、有机碳含量、全氮含量、风化强度和铁活化度的检测分析,比较了低山区残积物与坡积物发育的林地土壤性状之间的差异。结果表明,坡积物发育土壤的风化淋溶强度低于残积物发育的土壤,前者全剖面具有较高的砾石含量和较高的风化淋溶系数。坡积物发育土壤形态在上下层之间的分异较小,细土有机碳分布较深,具有较大的有机碳库。同时,坡积物发育土壤的细土容重较低,具有较高的渗透性和较大的蓄水潜力。残积物发育土壤剖面上下层之间同位素δ¹³C差异明显,而坡积物发育土壤的同位素差异较小,说明残积物发育土壤剖面下层土壤有机碳形成的年龄较长。综上所述,残积物与坡积物发育的低山林地土壤在性状上存在明显差异,在土壤类型划分上应区别对待。

关键词: 残积物, 坡积物, 亚热带, 土壤碳库, 风化强度

Abstract:

Parent material is one of the five major factors influencing soil formation. Eluvium and deluvium are two major types of parent materials which form mountainous soils, yet there are relatively few studies on the differences between the soils derived from them. By taking the Qianjiangyuan National Forest Park in western Zhejiang, China, as an example, the differences in the properties of woodland soils developed from eluvium and deluvium in low mountainous area were comparatively examined through experimental analysis of soil color, particle composition, organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, weathering intensity and iron activation degree in soil profiles. The results indicated that the weathering and leaching intensities of soils developed from deluvium were lower than that of soils developed from eluvium. The former had higher gravel content throughout the entire profile and a higher weathering and leaching coefficient. The soil morphology developed from deluvium exhibited less differentiation between upper and lower layers, with deeper distribution of fine soil organic carbon and a larger organic carbon pool. Meanwhile, the fine soils developed from deluvium had a lower bulk density, higher permeability and greater water storage potential. Soils developed from eluvium showed significant isotopic δ¹³C differences between upper and lower layers, while soils developed from deluvium displayed smaller differences, indicating that the age of soil organic carbon formation in the lower layers of soil profiles developed from eluvium was older. In conclusion, there are significant differences in the properties of soils developed from eluvium and deluvium in low mountain forest land, therefore, they should be treated differently in soil type classification.

Key words: eluvium, deluvium, subtropics, soil carbon pool, weathering intensity

中图分类号:

S153

卓文琪, 麻万诸, 卓志清, 朱康莹. 亚热带残积与坡积母质发育的低山林地土壤性状比较[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(5): 1121-1129.

ZHUO Wenqi, MA Wanzhu, ZHUO Zhiqing, ZHU Kangying. Comparison of properties between soils developed from eluvium and deluvium in subtropical low mountain forest land[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(5): 1121-1129.

图/表 5

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土壤样本 Soil samples	深度 Depth/cm	砾石含量 Gravel content/%	细土组成Fine soil composition/%
土壤样本 Soil samples	深度 Depth/cm	砾石含量 Gravel content/%	砂粒含量Sand content	粉砂含量Silt content	黏粒含量Clay content
残积物发育土壤Eluvium-derived soils(n=6)	0~15	21.3±9.6 c	35.2±5.3 bc	37.3±4.6 ab	27.5±4.2 b
	>15~30	7.8±3.5 d	31.4±4.9 c	37.1±5.8 ab	31.5±3.5 ab
	>30~50	5.7±2.8 d	32.8±5.8 c	32.0±6.3 bc	35.2±4.1 a
	>50~70	9.7±4.3 d	35.9±5.7 bc	29.8±5.2 c	34.3±5.3 a
	>70~100	35.4±17.5 ab	38.6±4.5 ab	29.8±3.8 c	31.6±4.4 ab
坡积物发育土壤Deluvium-derived soils(n=6)	0~15	32.5±6.3 ab	42.4±7.5 ab	41.1±9.5 a	16.5±3.2 c
	>15~30	27.4±10.2 bc	38.6±5.8 ab	43.6±6.4 a	17.8±4.2 c
	>30~50	34.5±11.7 ab	41.7±6.3 ab	40.7±7.5 a	17.6±4.7 c
	>50~70	36.8±10.4 ab	44.3±5.4 a	39.2±5.2 ab	16.5±5.6 c
	>70~100	42.4±15.6 a	42.4±8.9 ab	42.4±8.4 a	15.2±8.5 c

土壤样本 Soil samples	深度 Depth/cm	砾石含量 Gravel content/%	细土组成Fine soil composition/%
土壤样本 Soil samples	深度 Depth/cm	砾石含量 Gravel content/%	砂粒含量Sand content	粉砂含量Silt content	黏粒含量Clay content
残积物发育土壤Eluvium-derived soils(n=6)	0~15	21.3±9.6 c	35.2±5.3 bc	37.3±4.6 ab	27.5±4.2 b
	>15~30	7.8±3.5 d	31.4±4.9 c	37.1±5.8 ab	31.5±3.5 ab
	>30~50	5.7±2.8 d	32.8±5.8 c	32.0±6.3 bc	35.2±4.1 a
	>50~70	9.7±4.3 d	35.9±5.7 bc	29.8±5.2 c	34.3±5.3 a
	>70~100	35.4±17.5 ab	38.6±4.5 ab	29.8±3.8 c	31.6±4.4 ab
坡积物发育土壤Deluvium-derived soils(n=6)	0~15	32.5±6.3 ab	42.4±7.5 ab	41.1±9.5 a	16.5±3.2 c
	>15~30	27.4±10.2 bc	38.6±5.8 ab	43.6±6.4 a	17.8±4.2 c
	>30~50	34.5±11.7 ab	41.7±6.3 ab	40.7±7.5 a	17.6±4.7 c
	>50~70	36.8±10.4 ab	44.3±5.4 a	39.2±5.2 ab	16.5±5.6 c
	>70~100	42.4±15.6 a	42.4±8.9 ab	42.4±8.4 a	15.2±8.5 c

土壤样本 Soil samples	深度 Depth/cm	容重 Bulk density/ (g·cm^-3)	饱和导水率 Saturated hydraulic conductivity/(mm·d^-1)	饱和持水量 Saturated water capacity/%
残积物发育土壤Eluvium-derived soils(n=6)	0~15	1.14±0.12 d	46.8±5.54 a	49.94±3.78 a
	>15~30	1.29±0.08 c	37.5±3.41 ab	39.82±2.24 b
	>30~50	1.38±0.05 bc	32.6±3.64 b	34.70±1.54 c
	>50~70	1.43±0.03 b	24.6±4.98 c	32.15±1.22 c
	>70~100	1.61±0.05 a	17.5±5.22 d	24.36±1.42 d
坡积物发育土壤Deluvium-derived soils(n=6)	0~15	1.19±0.21 cd	45.2±6.14 a	46.33±7.24 ab
	>15~30	1.21±0.13 cd	41.6±5.24 a	44.94±4.52 ab
	>30~50	1.19±0.12 cd	35.4±4.87 b	46.33±4.72 ab
	>50~70	1.28±0.09 c	38.7±5.23 ab	40.42±3.14 b
	>70~100	1.35±0.07 bc	32.5±7.32 b	36.32±2.14 bc

土壤样本 Soil samples	深度 Depth/cm	容重 Bulk density/ (g·cm^-3)	饱和导水率 Saturated hydraulic conductivity/(mm·d^-1)	饱和持水量 Saturated water capacity/%
残积物发育土壤Eluvium-derived soils(n=6)	0~15	1.14±0.12 d	46.8±5.54 a	49.94±3.78 a
	>15~30	1.29±0.08 c	37.5±3.41 ab	39.82±2.24 b
	>30~50	1.38±0.05 bc	32.6±3.64 b	34.70±1.54 c
	>50~70	1.43±0.03 b	24.6±4.98 c	32.15±1.22 c
	>70~100	1.61±0.05 a	17.5±5.22 d	24.36±1.42 d
坡积物发育土壤Deluvium-derived soils(n=6)	0~15	1.19±0.21 cd	45.2±6.14 a	46.33±7.24 ab
	>15~30	1.21±0.13 cd	41.6±5.24 a	44.94±4.52 ab
	>30~50	1.19±0.12 cd	35.4±4.87 b	46.33±4.72 ab
	>50~70	1.28±0.09 c	38.7±5.23 ab	40.42±3.14 b
	>70~100	1.35±0.07 bc	32.5±7.32 b	36.32±2.14 bc

土壤样本 Soil samples	深度 Depth/cm	有机碳含量 Organic carbon content/(g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	碳氮比 C/N ratio	微生物生物量碳含量 Microbial biomass carbon content/(mg·kg^-1)	微生物生物量熵 Soil microbial entropy
残积物发育土壤Eluvium-derived soils (n=6)	0~15	37.24±5.32 a	2.48±0.32 a	15.02±3.65 a	542±58 a	0.014 3±0.001 1 b
	>15~30	21.48±5.14 c	1.50±0.23 bc	14.32±2.54 ab	324±41 b	0.015 2±0.001 2 b
	>30~50	9.86±2.41 e	0.74±0.14 e	13.32±2.13 bc	82±9 e	0.008 2±0.000 7 d
	>50~70	6.87±2.31 ef	0.55±0.11 ef	12.49±3.15 bc	45±5 f	0.006 6±0.000 5 e
	>70~100	4.57±1.54 f	0.40±0.12 f	11.43±2.67 c	29±3 f	0.006 2±0.000 4 e
坡积物发育土壤Deluvium-derived soils (n=6)	0~15	28.54±4.66 b	1.87±0.43 a	15.26±4.21 a	512±61 a	0.017 8±0.001 4 a
	>15~30	24.65±5.84 b	1.65±0.29 b	14.94±3.11 ab	354±32 b	0.014 5±0.001 2 b
	>30~50	17.59±4.67 cd	1.24±0.24 cd	14.18±2.74 b	198±22 c	0.011 3±0.001 0 c
	>50~70	19.25±4.13 cd	1.47±0.27 bc	13.10±2.65 bc	153±12 c	0.008 1±0.000 9 d
	>70~100	14.25±3.25 d	1.05±0.23 d	13.58±3.14 bc	124±10 d	0.008 8±0.000 7 d

亚热带残积与坡积母质发育的低山林地土壤性状比较

Comparison of properties between soils developed from eluvium and deluvium in subtropical low mountain forest land

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土壤 Soils	深度 Depth/cm	游离态轻组有机碳 Free light group organic carbon/(g·kg^-1)	粗颗粒有机碳 Coarse particulate organic carbon/(g·kg^-1)	细颗粒有机碳 Fine particulate organic carbon/(g·kg^-1)	矿物结合态有机碳 Mineral bound organic carbon/(g·kg^-1)
残积物发育土壤Eluvium-derived Soils (n=6)	0~15	8.47±2.14 a	20.63±2.24 a	10.58±2.21 a	60.32±3.25 e
	>15~30	6.97±1.14 ab	12.21±1.65 c	11.24±1.98 a	69.58±4.25 cd
	>30~50	4.58±1.03 bc	4.65±1.14 e	8.52±2.69 b	82.25±3.98 b
	>50~70	2.28±0.56 d	4.12±0.98 ef	5.97±1.59 c	87.63±4.26 ab
	>70~100	1.12±0.45 e	3.05±0.52 f	6.58±2.21 bc	89.25±4.98 a
坡积物发育土壤Deluvium-derived soils (n=6)	0~15	7.52±1.65 a	16.79±2.45 b	11.21±1.96 a	64.48±3.42 de
	>15~30	5.89±1.14 b	13.25±1.89 bc	10.25±2.33 a	70.61±3.77 cd
	>30~50	5.35±0.68 b	8.54±1.45 d	9.57±2.14 ab	76.54±3.54 bc
	>50~70	4.63±0.52 bc	9.14±1.14 d	8.68±1.98 b	77.55±4.25 bc
	>70~100	3.58±0.49 c	5.89±0.65 e	9.99±2.03 ab	80.54±3.98 b

土壤样本 Soil samples	深度 Depth/cm	pH	ba值 ba value	黏粒Sa值 Sa value of clay	铁活化度 Activation degree of iron oxide/%
残积物发育土壤Eluvium-derived soils (n=6)	0~15	5.32±0.11 a	—	—	34.2±3.5 a
	>15~30	5.17±0.09 ab	0.304±0.031 b	2.42±0.02 b	29.6±4.6 ab
	>30~50	4.87±0.14 c	0.281±0.024 b	2.38±0.02 b	18.9±2.5 c
	>50~70	5.12±0.08 ab	—	—	21.4±4.2 c
	>70~100	5.24±0.13 ab	—	—	17.5±3.7 c
坡积物发育土壤Deluvium-derived soils (n=6)	0~15	5.17±0.14 ab	—	—	32.5±4.0 ab
	>15~30	5.19±0.12 ab	0.368±0.028 a	2.61±0.03 a	31.2±3.4 ab
	>30~50	5.07±0.07 b	0.372±0.021 a	2.59±0.03 a	27.5±3.6 b
	>50~70	5.05±0.09 b	—	—	32.5±4.2 ab
	>70~100	5.14±0.11 b	—	—	31.3±5.2 ab

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