γ-聚谷氨酸配施化肥对党参生长的影响及其作用机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241057

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 85-94.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241057

γ-聚谷氨酸配施化肥对党参生长的影响及其作用机制

施静¹^,²(), 李建宏³^,^*(), 褚鹏星³, 余锐², 姜明², 陈光丽², 赵小霞², 冯莉¹^,^*()

1.中国矿业大学化工学院,江苏徐州 221116
2.六盘水职业技术学院生物工程系,贵州六盘水 553000
3.六盘水师范学院生物科学与技术学院,贵州六盘水 553004

收稿日期:2024-12-04 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-11
作者简介:李建宏,E-mail:lijianhong123@126.com
*冯莉,E-mail:cumthgfl@163.com;
施静,研究方向为土壤修复。E-mail:1093040619@qq.com
通讯作者: 李建宏,冯莉
基金资助:
贵州省职业教育“技能贵州”行动计划项目(黔教函〔2025〕17号);贵州省职业教育“技能贵州”行动计划项目(黔教函〔2023〕100号);2024年贵州省教育科学规划课题暨粤黔专项课题(2024A018);六盘水市科技发展项目(52020-0-1-24);六盘水职业技术学院院级项目(Lyk2405);山地高原特色农产品技术创新中心(520202023018)

Effects and mechanism of γ-polyglutamic acid coupled with chemical fertilizer on growth of Codonopsis pilosula

SHI Jing¹^,²(), LI Jianhong³^,^*(), CHU Pengxing³, YU Rui², JIANG Ming², CHEN Guangli², ZHAO Xiaoxia², FENG Li¹^,^*()

1. School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
2. Department of Biological Engineering, Liupanshui Vocational and Technical College, Liupanshui 553000, Guizhou, China
3. School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, Guizhou, China

Received:2024-12-04 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-11
Contact: LI Jianhong,FENG Li

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以党参为试验材料,通过设置不同用量的化肥与γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)配施的处理,分析党参生长指标、土壤理化性质和微生物群落的变化,探讨γ-PGA与化肥配施对党参生长的影响及其可能的作用机制。结果显示: 与不施用化肥和γ-PGA的对照(CK)相比,只施用γ-PGA的处理(T1)的党参株高、根直径、根长、根干重均无显著差异,但当γ-PGA与化肥配施后,党参的根干重和根冠比较T1处理显著(p<0.05)增加,增幅分别为4.10%~21.92%、2.45%~17.48%。γ-PGA与适量化肥配施显著提高了土壤的铵态氮、速效钾和有效磷含量,但会降低土壤的pH值。在土壤微生物方面,γ-PGA与适量化肥配施可显著增加土壤中的氨化细菌和好气性自生固氮菌的数量,增强土壤对有机氮的矿化作用和固氮能力。综上,我们认为,γ-PGA与适量化肥配施可通过改善土壤理化性状、促进有益微生物生长、改善根际土壤微生态环境等来促进党参生长。

关键词: 党参, γ-聚谷氨酸, 化学肥料, 磷脂脂肪酸, 微生物群落

Abstract:

In the present study, Codonopsis pilosula was selected as the test material. Different application rates of chemical fertilizers combined with γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) were set up as treatments, and the changes in growth indicators of C. pilosula, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial communities were determined, to explore the effects of combined application of γ-PGA and chemical fertilizers on the growth of C. pilosula and its potential mechanism. The results showed that compared with the control (CK) without chemical fertilizers and γ-PGA, the T1 treatment with only γ-PGA application had no significant differences in plant height, root diameter, root length, and root dry weight of C. pilosula. However, after the combined application of γ-PGA and chemical fertilizers, the root dry weight and root-shoot ratio of C. pilosula increased significantly (p<0.05) than those of the T1 treatment by 4.10%-21.92% and 2.45%-17.48%, respectively. The combined application of γ-PGA and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizers significantly increased the contents of ammonium nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus in the soil, but decreased the soil pH value. Regarding soil microorganisms, the combined application of γ-PGA and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizers significantly increased the quantities of ammonifiers and aerobic azotobacter in the soil, enhancing the mineralization capacity of organic nitrogen and nitrogen-fixing capacity in soil. In conclusion, the combined application of γ-PGA and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizers could promote the growth of C. pilosula by improving soil physicochemical properties, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and optimizing the rhizosphere soil microecological environment.

Key words: Codonopsis pilosula, γ-polyglutamic acid(γ-PGA), chemical fertilizer, phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA), microbial community

中图分类号:

施静, 李建宏, 褚鹏星, 余锐, 姜明, 陈光丽, 赵小霞, 冯莉. γ-聚谷氨酸配施化肥对党参生长的影响及其作用机制[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(1): 85-94.

SHI Jing, LI Jianhong, CHU Pengxing, YU Rui, JIANG Ming, CHEN Guangli, ZHAO Xiaoxia, FENG Li. Effects and mechanism of γ-polyglutamic acid coupled with chemical fertilizer on growth of Codonopsis pilosula[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(1): 85-94.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height/cm	根直径/mm Root diameter/mm	根长/cm Root length/cm	地上部干重/g Shoot dry weight/g	根干重/g Root dry weight/g	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
CK	17.54±0.49 d	2.67±0.05 b	24.49±0.42 d	0.262±0.003 a	0.71±0.01 e	2.71±0.02 g
T1	18.68±0.39 bcd	2.84±0.12 ab	25.01±0.56 cd	0.255±0.004 ab	0.73±0.01 e	2.86±0.02 f
T2	18.57±0.51 cd	2.75±0.03 ab	25.90±0.73 bcd	0.259±0.003 ab	0.76±0.01 d	2.93±0.01 e
T3	19.38±0.40 abc	2.81±0.07 ab	26.31±0.24 abc	0.268±0.004 a	0.81±0.01 c	3.02±0.02 d
T4	19.26±0.28 abc	2.83±0.05 ab	26.73±0.28 ab	0.267±0.004 a	0.85±0.01 b	3.18±0.03 c
T5	20.39±0.61 a	2.90±0.04 a	27.64±0.42 a	0.265±0.003 a	0.89±0.01 a	3.36±0.02 a
T6	19.89±0.23 ab	2.84±0.06 ab	27.00±0.06 ab	0.249±0.003 b	0.82±0.01 c	3.29±0.01 b
T7	19.60±0.58 abc	2.84±0.02 ab	26.28±0.92 abc	0.235±0.004 b	0.77±0.01 d	3.28±0.01 b

处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height/cm	根直径/mm Root diameter/mm	根长/cm Root length/cm	地上部干重/g Shoot dry weight/g	根干重/g Root dry weight/g	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
CK	17.54±0.49 d	2.67±0.05 b	24.49±0.42 d	0.262±0.003 a	0.71±0.01 e	2.71±0.02 g
T1	18.68±0.39 bcd	2.84±0.12 ab	25.01±0.56 cd	0.255±0.004 ab	0.73±0.01 e	2.86±0.02 f
T2	18.57±0.51 cd	2.75±0.03 ab	25.90±0.73 bcd	0.259±0.003 ab	0.76±0.01 d	2.93±0.01 e
T3	19.38±0.40 abc	2.81±0.07 ab	26.31±0.24 abc	0.268±0.004 a	0.81±0.01 c	3.02±0.02 d
T4	19.26±0.28 abc	2.83±0.05 ab	26.73±0.28 ab	0.267±0.004 a	0.85±0.01 b	3.18±0.03 c
T5	20.39±0.61 a	2.90±0.04 a	27.64±0.42 a	0.265±0.003 a	0.89±0.01 a	3.36±0.02 a
T6	19.89±0.23 ab	2.84±0.06 ab	27.00±0.06 ab	0.249±0.003 b	0.82±0.01 c	3.29±0.01 b
T7	19.60±0.58 abc	2.84±0.02 ab	26.28±0.92 abc	0.235±0.004 b	0.77±0.01 d	3.28±0.01 b

处理 Treatment	铵态氮含量/(mg·kg^-1) Ammonium nitrogen content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/(mg·kg^-1) Available potassium content/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/(mg·kg^-1) Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value
CK	0.26±0.03 h	71.78±0.02 f	0.96±0.03 f	6.41±0.01 a
T1	1.23±0.01 e	150.60±0.02 c	13.37±0.01 c	6.31±0.01 b
T2	3.81±0.02 a	71.70±0.01 g	7.20±0.10 e	5.02±0.01 e
T3	1.19±0.01 f	172.10±0.01 a	11.19±0.02 d	6.14±0.01 d
T4	0.64±0.01 g	64.32±0.02 h	19.51±0.06 b	6.31±0.05 b
T5	2.20±0.01 c	136.45±0.05 d	11.24±0.01 d	6.20±0.02 c
T6	1.78±0.01 d	159.63±0.05 b	62.53±0.02 a	6.48±0.04 a
T7	3.63±0.02 b	114.27±0.06 e	1.00±0.01 f	6.33±0.03 b

处理 Treatment	铵态氮含量/(mg·kg^-1) Ammonium nitrogen content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/(mg·kg^-1) Available potassium content/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/(mg·kg^-1) Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value
CK	0.26±0.03 h	71.78±0.02 f	0.96±0.03 f	6.41±0.01 a
T1	1.23±0.01 e	150.60±0.02 c	13.37±0.01 c	6.31±0.01 b
T2	3.81±0.02 a	71.70±0.01 g	7.20±0.10 e	5.02±0.01 e
T3	1.19±0.01 f	172.10±0.01 a	11.19±0.02 d	6.14±0.01 d
T4	0.64±0.01 g	64.32±0.02 h	19.51±0.06 b	6.31±0.05 b
T5	2.20±0.01 c	136.45±0.05 d	11.24±0.01 d	6.20±0.02 c
T6	1.78±0.01 d	159.63±0.05 b	62.53±0.02 a	6.48±0.04 a
T7	3.63±0.02 b	114.27±0.06 e	1.00±0.01 f	6.33±0.03 b

处理 Treatment	氨化细菌数量/ (10⁴ CFU·g^-1) Quantity of ammonifiers/ (10⁴ CFU·g^-1)	好气性自生固氮菌数量/ (10³ CFU·g^-1) Quantity of aerobic azotobacter/ (10³ CFU·g^-1)	嫌气性自生固氮菌数量/ (10⁶ CFU·g^-1) Quantity of anaerobic azotobacter/ (10⁶ CFU·g^-1)	硝化细菌数量/ (10⁵ CFU·g^-1) Quantity of nitrifying bacteria/ (10⁵ CFU·g^-1)	反硝化细菌数量/ (10⁶ CFU·g^-1) Quantity of denitrifying bacteria/ (10⁶ CFU·g^-1)
CK	9.54±0.04 d	6.20±0.04 c	0.16±0.01 d	3.55±0.37 c	3.58±0.31 d
T1	43.71±3.45 b	8.79±0.30 c	18.78±0.53 b	31.72±0.11 a	10.08±0.13 d
T2	12.92±0.16 d	6.89±0.46 c	19.96±0.15 b	0.79±0.03 e	192.59±2.11 a
T3	9.54±0.44 d	2.91±0.06 c	2.65±0.04 d	2.05±0.04 d	19.70±0.24 c
T4	3.40±0.35 e	12.27±0.43 c	10.54±0.49 c	14.14±0.15 b	7.73±0.55 d
T5	35.69±0.97 c	11.39±0.61 c	153.53±2.73 a	0.28±0.01 e	154.34±5.21 b
T6	2.09±0.05 e	45.57±0.66 b	13.07±0.59 c	3.64±0.33 c	5.84±0.09 d
T7	86.24±3.87 a	74.95±9.98 a	1.80±0.32 d	3.95±0.34 c	156.20±4.88 b

γ-聚谷氨酸配施化肥对党参生长的影响及其作用机制

Effects and mechanism of γ-polyglutamic acid coupled with chemical fertilizer on growth of Codonopsis pilosula

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处理 Treatment	各类微生物的FLPA含量FLPA content of different kinds of micrboes
处理 Treatment	革兰氏阳性菌 Gram-positive bacteria	革兰氏阴性菌 Gram-negative bacteria	细菌 Bacteria	放线菌 Actinomycetes	真菌 Fungi	总计 Total
CK	5.38±3.26 b	3.26±0.01 b	14.80±1.14 b	2.51±0.01 f	4.31±0.01 a	21.61±1.13 d
T1	5.41±3.25 b	3.25±0.01 b	15.34±1.17 b	2.52±0.01 f	4.25±0.01 ab	22.77±0.02 c
T2	5.38±3.24 b	3.24±0.01 b	19.17±0.08 a	3.52±0.01 e	4.31±0.01 a	24.06±0.04 b
T3	5.02±3.20 c	3.20±0.05 c	14.99±0.09 b	6.65±0.11 a	4.22±0.01 b	25.85±0.19 a
T4	6.38±3.80 a	3.80±0.01 a	16.42±0.07 b	5.28±0.02 b	3.91±0.02 c	25.61±0.12 a
T5	4.65±2.44 d	2.44±0.02 d	12.15±0.07 c	4.74±0.01 c	2.47±0.02 d	19.37±0.07 e
T6	3.77±2.35 f	2.35±0.01 e	11.04±0.34 c	3.95±0.03 d	2.07±0.04 e	17.06±0.41 f
T7	3.98±2.20 e	2.20±0.01 f	10.84±0.08 c	3.85±0.11 d	1.91±0.04 f	16.60±0.12 f

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