叶面喷施钾肥与鼠李糖脂混合液对烤烟油分和产质量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241098

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 440-449.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241098

叶面喷施钾肥与鼠李糖脂混合液对烤烟油分和产质量的影响

马京民¹(), 严定伟², 刘新源¹, 常剑波¹, 韩振华², 韦凤杰³^,^*(), 姬小明²^,^*()

^1. 河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司, 河南三门峡 472000
^2. 河南农业大学烟草学院, 河南郑州 450046
^3. 河南省烟草公司, 河南郑州 450018

收稿日期:2024-12-20 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-17
作者简介:^*姬小明,Email:xiaomingji@henau.edu.cn;韦凤杰,E-mail:hnwfj163@163.com
马京民,主要从事烟叶生产技术开发与推广工作。E-mail:majingmin0216@163.com
通讯作者: 韦凤杰,姬小明
基金资助:
河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司项目(2022411200200004x)

Effects of combined foliar application of potassium fertilizer and rhamnolipid on oil content, quality and yield of tobacco leaves

MA Jingmin¹(), YAN Dingwei², LIU Xinyuan¹, CHANG Jianbo¹, HAN Zhenhua², WEI Fengjie³^,^*(), JI Xiaoming²^,^*()

^1. Sanmenxia Tobacco Company of Henan Province, Sanmenxia 472000, Henan, China
^2. College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
^3. Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450018, China

Received:2024-12-20 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-04-17
Contact: WEI Fengjie,JI Xiaoming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究叶面喷施钾肥与鼠李糖脂混合液对烟叶油分含量和产质量的影响,以喷施清水为对照(CK),设置6个处理:T1,叶面喷施0.06 mol·L^-1 K₂HPO₄;T2,叶面喷施0.06 mol·L^-1黄腐酸钾;T3,叶面喷施120 mg·L^-1鼠李糖脂;T4,叶面喷施0.06 mol·L^-1 K₂HPO₄+120 mg·L^-1鼠李糖脂;T5,叶面喷施0.06 mol·L^-1黄腐酸钾+120 mg·L^-1鼠李糖脂。测定各处理对烟叶碳氮代谢酶活性、油分品质、中性致香物质和产质量的影响。结果表明,喷施叶面钾肥可促进腺毛发育并提高烟叶油分,且与鼠李糖脂混合喷施效果优于单独喷施。其中,黄腐酸钾与鼠李糖脂混合喷施效果最佳,喷施后烟叶腺头饱满、发育完善,分泌能力增强,烤后烟叶腺毛分泌物含量和石油醚提取物含量均有所提高。同时,叶面喷施钾肥可协调烟叶碳氮代谢,以黄腐酸钾与鼠李糖脂混合喷施效果最好,其蔗糖合成酶活性较CK提高21.85%,硝酸还原酶活性较CK降低23.52%。此外,该处理还能协调烤后烟叶常规化学成分,提升中性致香物质含量,其中中性致香物质总量较CK提高43.27%;烤后烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量分别较CK提高3.96、3.86和0.34百分点,烟碱和总氮含量分别降低0.35、0.26百分点。叶面钾肥与鼠李糖脂混合喷施效果优于单独喷施,其中黄腐酸钾与鼠李糖脂混合喷施效果最佳。该研究结果为利用叶面钾肥与鼠李糖脂混合喷施提升烟叶油分和产质量提供了依据。

关键词: 叶面钾肥, 鼠李糖脂, 中性致香物质, 烤烟, 油分含量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of foliar spraying of potassium fertilizers mixed with rhamnolipid on tobacco leaf oil content, yield, and quality, with spraying clear water as the control (CK), six treatments were set up: T1, foliar spraying of 0.06 mol·L^-1 K₂HPO₄; T2, foliar spraying of 0.06 mol·L^-1 potassium fulvate; T3, foliar spraying of 120 mg·L^-1 rhamnolipid; T4, foliar spraying of 0.06 mol·L^-1 K₂HPO₄+120 mg·L^-1 rhamnolipid; T5, foliar spraying of 0.06 mol·L^-1 potassium fulvate+120 mg·L^-1 rhamnolipid. The effects of each treatment on carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities, oil quality, neutral aroma components, yield, and quality of tobacco leaves were determined. The results showed that foliar spraying of potassium fertilizers promoted glandular hair development and increased tobacco leaf oil content, and the effect of mixed spraying with rhamnolipid was superior to spraying alone. Among them, mixed spraying of potassium fulvate and rhamnolipid yielded the best results. After spraying, tobacco leaf glandular heads were plump and well-developed, with enhanced secretion capacity. The content of glandular hair secretion and petroleum ether extract in cured tobacco leaves increased. Meanwhile, foliar spraying of potassium fertilizers coordinated carbon and nitrogen metabolism in tobacco leaves, with the mixed spraying of potassium fulvate and rhamnolipid showing the best effect. Its sucrose synthase activity increased by 21.85% compared with CK, while nitrate reductase activity decreased by 23.52% compared with CK. Additionally, this treatment coordinated the conventional chemical components of cured tobacco leaves and increased the content of neutral aroma components, with the total amount of neutral aroma components increasing by 43.27% compared with CK; the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, and potassium in cured tobacco leaves increased by 3.96, 3.86, and 0.34 percentage points, respectively, compared with CK, while the contents of nicotine and total nitrogen decreased by 0.35 and 0.26 percentage points, respectively. Mixed foliar spraying of potassium fertilizers and rhamnolipid was more effective than spraying alone, with the combination of potassium fulvate and rhamnolipid yielding the best results. This study provides a basis for using mixed foliar spraying of potassium fertilizers and rhamnolipid to enhance tobacco leaf oil content, yield, and quality.

Key words: foliar potassium fertilizer, rhamnolipid, neutral aroma component, flue-cured tobacco, oil content

中图分类号:

S572

马京民, 严定伟, 刘新源, 常剑波, 韩振华, 韦凤杰, 姬小明. 叶面喷施钾肥与鼠李糖脂混合液对烤烟油分和产质量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(3): 440-449.

MA Jingmin, YAN Dingwei, LIU Xinyuan, CHANG Jianbo, HAN Zhenhua, WEI Fengjie, JI Xiaoming. Effects of combined foliar application of potassium fertilizer and rhamnolipid on oil content, quality and yield of tobacco leaves[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(3): 440-449.

图/表 8

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处理 Treatment	烟碱含量/% Nicotine content/%	还原糖含量/% Reducing sugar content/%	总糖含量/% Total sugar content/%	总氮含量/% Total nitrogen content/%	钾含量/% K content/%	氯含量/% Cl content/%	钾氯比 Ratio of K to Cl	两糖比 Ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar
CK	2.00±0.04 a	19.97±0.84 d	28.57±2.49 b	2.04±0.14 a	0.90±0.02 d	0.32±0.02 a	2.83±0.23 c	0.70±0.03 bc
T1	1.92±0.05 b	21.13±0.21 cd	30.63±0.25 ab	2.04±0.05 a	0.97±0.03 c	0.26±0.04 abc	3.82±0.67 bc	0.69±0.01 c
T2	1.83±0.04 c	22.17±0.57 bc	31.20±1.15 a	1.92±0.02 ab	1.14±0.04 b	0.21±0.03 bc	5.50±0.73 a	0.72±0.02 ab
T3	1.96±0.02 ab	21.97±0.25 bc	30.01±0.61 ab	1.97±0.03 a	1.01±0.02 c	0.19±0.03 c	5.41±0.94 a	0.70±0.01 bc
T4	1.77±0.03 c	22.93±0.12 ab	30.00±0.60 ab	1.92±0.03 ab	1.17±0.05 b	0.31±0.05 a	3.81±0.77 bc	0.73±0.01 bc
T5	1.65±0.04 d	23.83±1.25 a	32.53±1.59 a	1.78±0.16 b	1.24±0.04 a	0.28±0.05 ab	4.53±0.89 ab	0.71±0.01 abc

处理 Treatment	烟碱含量/% Nicotine content/%	还原糖含量/% Reducing sugar content/%	总糖含量/% Total sugar content/%	总氮含量/% Total nitrogen content/%	钾含量/% K content/%	氯含量/% Cl content/%	钾氯比 Ratio of K to Cl	两糖比 Ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar
CK	2.00±0.04 a	19.97±0.84 d	28.57±2.49 b	2.04±0.14 a	0.90±0.02 d	0.32±0.02 a	2.83±0.23 c	0.70±0.03 bc
T1	1.92±0.05 b	21.13±0.21 cd	30.63±0.25 ab	2.04±0.05 a	0.97±0.03 c	0.26±0.04 abc	3.82±0.67 bc	0.69±0.01 c
T2	1.83±0.04 c	22.17±0.57 bc	31.20±1.15 a	1.92±0.02 ab	1.14±0.04 b	0.21±0.03 bc	5.50±0.73 a	0.72±0.02 ab
T3	1.96±0.02 ab	21.97±0.25 bc	30.01±0.61 ab	1.97±0.03 a	1.01±0.02 c	0.19±0.03 c	5.41±0.94 a	0.70±0.01 bc
T4	1.77±0.03 c	22.93±0.12 ab	30.00±0.60 ab	1.92±0.03 ab	1.17±0.05 b	0.31±0.05 a	3.81±0.77 bc	0.73±0.01 bc
T5	1.65±0.04 d	23.83±1.25 a	32.53±1.59 a	1.78±0.16 b	1.24±0.04 a	0.28±0.05 ab	4.53±0.89 ab	0.71±0.01 abc

类型 Type	致香成分 Aroma components	含量/(μg·g^-1) Content/(μg·g^-1)
类型 Type	致香成分 Aroma components	CK	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
苯丙氨酸类 Phenylalanine	苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol	12.39	8.93	20.31	11.13	10.51	13.22
	苯乙醛Phenylacet aldehyde	4.13	4.21	5.67	2.80	4.67	2.69
	苯乙醇Phenylethylalcohol	2.41	2.64	3.84	1.88	1.79	1.94
	总计Total	18.93	15.78	29.82	15.81	16.97	17.85
棕色化反应产物 Browning reaction products	糠醛Furfural	15.93	14.95	27.46	17.00	22.69	18.15
	糠醇Furfuryl alcohol	2.15	1.94	5.88	2.11	3.10	2.81
	2, 6-壬二烯醛2, 6-Nonadienal	0.33	0.24	0.40	0.48	0.41	0.33
	藏花醛Canaldehyde	0.25	—	0.14	0.25	—	—
	5-甲基糠醛5-Methylfurfural	—	0.37	0.64	—	0.75	0.68
	3,4-二甲基-2, 5-呋喃二酮	0.31	0.31	0.46	0.43	0.39	0.31
	3, 4-Dimethyl-2, 5-furan dione
	总计Total	18.97	17.81	34.98	20.27	27.34	22.28
类西柏烷类 Cembraboids	茄酮Solanone	162.19	115.84	201.49	156.38	164.62	164.44
类胡萝卜素类 Arotenoids	β-大马酮β-Malaysia ketone	35.92	23.59	36.85	36.48	42.44	38.84
	二氢猕猴桃内酯Dihydro kiwi lactone	2.08	2.74	3.57	2.71	2.70	3.38
	3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮 3-Hydroxy-β-dihydroequatone	1.91	1.90	2.50	2.00	2.10	2.42
	巨豆三烯酮1 Monostenylene 1	2.07	2.11	2.46	2.03	2.57	2.30
	巨豆三烯酮2 Monostenylene 2	8.36	8.58	10.43	7.86	10.17	8.35
	巨豆三烯酮3 Monostenylene 3	1.99	2.09	4.06	2.35	3.89	3.05
	巨豆三烯酮4 Monostenylene 4	7.37	14.24	14.27	13.70	15.35	15.04
	法尼基丙酮Farnesyl acetone	6.50	9.08	9.24	10.46	8.96	11.76
	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-Methyl-5-heptenyl-2-one	1.46	1.64	2.69	1.35	5.57	1.62
	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇 6-Methyl-5-heptenyl-2-ol	1.44	2.40	2.77	1.28	0.37	0.32
	香叶基丙酮Geranyl acetone	1.63	1.46	1.68	2.79	2.05	1.92
	螺岩兰草酮Loazuron	—	0.59	0.56	—	0.35	0.51
	愈创木酚Guaiacol	2.16	2.05	2.36	2.09	2.25	2.15
	β-二氢大马酮 β-Dihydrogen malaysia ketone	14.95	18.01	16.79	20.07	19.43	26.49
	总计Total	87.84	90.48	110.23	105.17	118.20	118.15
中性致香物质总量 Aroma components	芳樟醇Linalool	0.45	0.42	0.41	0.59	0.49	0.56
	除新植二烯总量 Total removal of neophytadiene	288.38	240.33	376.93	298.22	327.62	323.28
	新植二烯总量Total neophytadiene	727.43	793.18	876.85	842.12	1 021.14	1 137.21
	总计Total	1 015.81	1 033.51	1 253.78	1 140.34	1 348.76	1 460.49

类型 Type	致香成分 Aroma components	含量/(μg·g^-1) Content/(μg·g^-1)
类型 Type	致香成分 Aroma components	CK	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
苯丙氨酸类 Phenylalanine	苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol	12.39	8.93	20.31	11.13	10.51	13.22
	苯乙醛Phenylacet aldehyde	4.13	4.21	5.67	2.80	4.67	2.69
	苯乙醇Phenylethylalcohol	2.41	2.64	3.84	1.88	1.79	1.94
	总计Total	18.93	15.78	29.82	15.81	16.97	17.85
棕色化反应产物 Browning reaction products	糠醛Furfural	15.93	14.95	27.46	17.00	22.69	18.15
	糠醇Furfuryl alcohol	2.15	1.94	5.88	2.11	3.10	2.81
	2, 6-壬二烯醛2, 6-Nonadienal	0.33	0.24	0.40	0.48	0.41	0.33
	藏花醛Canaldehyde	0.25	—	0.14	0.25	—	—
	5-甲基糠醛5-Methylfurfural	—	0.37	0.64	—	0.75	0.68
	3,4-二甲基-2, 5-呋喃二酮	0.31	0.31	0.46	0.43	0.39	0.31
	3, 4-Dimethyl-2, 5-furan dione
	总计Total	18.97	17.81	34.98	20.27	27.34	22.28
类西柏烷类 Cembraboids	茄酮Solanone	162.19	115.84	201.49	156.38	164.62	164.44
类胡萝卜素类 Arotenoids	β-大马酮β-Malaysia ketone	35.92	23.59	36.85	36.48	42.44	38.84
	二氢猕猴桃内酯Dihydro kiwi lactone	2.08	2.74	3.57	2.71	2.70	3.38
	3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮 3-Hydroxy-β-dihydroequatone	1.91	1.90	2.50	2.00	2.10	2.42
	巨豆三烯酮1 Monostenylene 1	2.07	2.11	2.46	2.03	2.57	2.30
	巨豆三烯酮2 Monostenylene 2	8.36	8.58	10.43	7.86	10.17	8.35
	巨豆三烯酮3 Monostenylene 3	1.99	2.09	4.06	2.35	3.89	3.05
	巨豆三烯酮4 Monostenylene 4	7.37	14.24	14.27	13.70	15.35	15.04
	法尼基丙酮Farnesyl acetone	6.50	9.08	9.24	10.46	8.96	11.76
	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-Methyl-5-heptenyl-2-one	1.46	1.64	2.69	1.35	5.57	1.62
	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇 6-Methyl-5-heptenyl-2-ol	1.44	2.40	2.77	1.28	0.37	0.32
	香叶基丙酮Geranyl acetone	1.63	1.46	1.68	2.79	2.05	1.92
	螺岩兰草酮Loazuron	—	0.59	0.56	—	0.35	0.51
	愈创木酚Guaiacol	2.16	2.05	2.36	2.09	2.25	2.15
	β-二氢大马酮 β-Dihydrogen malaysia ketone	14.95	18.01	16.79	20.07	19.43	26.49
	总计Total	87.84	90.48	110.23	105.17	118.20	118.15
中性致香物质总量 Aroma components	芳樟醇Linalool	0.45	0.42	0.41	0.59	0.49	0.56
	除新植二烯总量 Total removal of neophytadiene	288.38	240.33	376.93	298.22	327.62	323.28
	新植二烯总量Total neophytadiene	727.43	793.18	876.85	842.12	1 021.14	1 137.21
	总计Total	1 015.81	1 033.51	1 253.78	1 140.34	1 348.76	1 460.49

处理 Treatment	产量/(kg·hm^-2) Yield/(kg·hm^-2)	产值/(元·hm^-2) Economic benefits/ (yuan·hm^-2)	上等烟比例/% Proportion of high-quality tobacco leaves/%	中上等烟比例/% Proportion of high and middle quality tabacco leaves/%	均价/(元·kg^-1) Average price/ (yuan·kg^-1)
CK	1 915.0±58.3 c	49 699.0±1 410.1 d	44.66±0.72 d	86.68±0.48 c	25.95±0.15 d
T1	1 992.5±62.5 bc	52 275.0±2 227.9 cd	43.78±0.92 d	88.92±1.85 bc	26.23±0.30 cd
T2	1 975.0±80.9 bc	54 128.0±2 251.4 bc	48.08±1.37 bc	91.90±0.91 a	27.41±0.36 b
T3	2 022.5±75.9 bc	54 123.5±2 105.8 bc	45.85±2.29 cd	89.98±0.81 ab	26.76±0.19 c
T4	2 090.0±87.9 ab	57 279.0±3 027.0 ab	50.14±3.74 ab	91.53±0.95 a	27.40±0.36 b
T5	2 160.0±60.0 a	60 527.5±2 517.9 a	53.01±0.81 a	92.56±2.00 a	28.01±0.39 a

叶面喷施钾肥与鼠李糖脂混合液对烤烟油分和产质量的影响

Effects of combined foliar application of potassium fertilizer and rhamnolipid on oil content, quality and yield of tobacco leaves

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