基于土壤特性因素的不同区域西湖龙井茶品质研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250552

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 1087-1098.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250552

基于土壤特性因素的不同区域西湖龙井茶品质研究

孙达¹(), 毛斌瑀¹, 黄旦益¹, 崔宏春², 夏兵³, 郑旭霞²^,^*()

¹ 浙江经贸职业技术学院, 浙江杭州 310018
² 杭州市农业科学研究院, 浙江杭州 310024
³ 浙江省茶叶集团股份有限公司, 浙江杭州 310065

收稿日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
作者简介:孙达,主要从事茶叶生物化学与茶文化方面的研究。E-mail:sunda1987@163.com
通讯作者: ^*郑旭霞,E-mail:549510245@qq.com
基金资助:
浙江省教育厅科研项目(Y202250627);杭州市农科院科技创新与示范推广项目(2022HNCT-04)

Study on the quality of West Lake Longjing tea in different regions based on soil properties

SUN Da¹(), MAO Binyu¹, HUANG Danyi¹, CUI Hongchun², XIA Bing³, ZHENG Xuxia²^,^*()

¹ Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Hangzhou 310018, China
² Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
³ Zhejiang Tea Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310065, China

Received:2025-08-20 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-07-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究西湖龙井茶品质形成的土壤驱动机制,本研究选取西湖龙井茶不同保护区内6个典型产地的龙井43与群体种茶树为对象,分析其土壤理化性状与茶叶品质成分。结果表明,不同产区土壤养分特征差异明显,可划分为高磷锌型、高钾镁型和中等肥力异质型3大类型。基于土壤有机质、有效磷、汞、镉、铬、锌、全镁含量这7个关键指标建立的逐步线性判别分析(SLDA)模型对产区的判别准确率达90.5%。茶叶品质与土壤类型高度相关,高钾镁型土壤茶园的龙井茶水浸出物含量较高。与群体种相比,龙井43在外形和品质稳定性上表现更佳,但群体种在香气馥郁度上更具潜力。产区、品种及其交互作用对茶叶的水浸出物、游离氨基酸含量和含水量均有极显著(p<0.01)影响。本研究明确了土壤养分是导致不同产区西湖龙井茶风味差异的关键驱动因素,可为产地溯源、精准施肥和品种优化提供理论依据。

关键词: 龙井茶, 土壤理化性状, 感官品质, 理化成分, 逐步线性判别分析, k均值聚类

Abstract:

To explore the soil-driven mechanism underlying the quality formation of West Lake Longjing tea, this study selected tea plants of Longjing 43 and local populations from six typical production areas across different protection zones of West Lake Longjing tea. The soil physical and chemical properties and tea quality components were systematically analyzed. The results showed that soil nutrient characteristics differed obviously among various production areas, which could be classified into three categories: high phosphorus-zinc type, high potassium-magnesium type, and medium-fertility heterogeneous type. A stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) model was established based on seven key indicators, including soil organic matter, available phosphorus, mercury, cadmium, chromium, zinc and magnesium contents, which achieved a regional discrimination accuracy of 90.5%. Tea quality was highly correlated with soil types. Tea produced in the gardens with high potassium-magnesium soil exhibited a higher content of water extracts. Compared with the local populations, Longjing 43 presented superior performance in appearance and quality stability, while the local populations had greater potential in aroma intensity and richness. Production area, cultivar, and their interaction exerted highly significant (p<0.01) effects on the contents of water extracts, free amino acids and moisture in tea. This study identified soil nutrients as the key driver of flavor differentiation of West Lake Longjing tea from different production areas, and provided a theoretical basis for geographical traceability, precision fertilization and cultivar improvement.

Key words: Longjing tea, soil physical and chemical property, sensory quality, physicochemical composition, stepwise linear discriminant analysis, k-means clustering

中图分类号:

S158
S571.1

孙达, 毛斌瑀, 黄旦益, 崔宏春, 夏兵, 郑旭霞. 基于土壤特性因素的不同区域西湖龙井茶品质研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(6): 1087-1098.

SUN Da, MAO Binyu, HUANG Danyi, CUI Hongchun, XIA Bing, ZHENG Xuxia. Study on the quality of West Lake Longjing tea in different regions based on soil properties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(6): 1087-1098.

图/表 4

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产区 Production area	品种 Variety	外形(25%) Appearance(25%)		汤色(10%) Liquor color(10%)		香气(25%) Aroma(25%)		滋味(30%) Taste(30%)		叶底(10%) Leaf base(10%)		总分 Total score
产区 Production area	品种 Variety	评语 Comment	评分 Score	评语 Comment	评分 Score	评语 Comment	评分 Score	评语 Comment	评分 Score	评语 Comment	评分 Score	总分 Total score
龙井村 Longjing Village	群体种 Local population	扁平,较光滑,挺直,稍花杂,尚嫩绿泛红 Flat, relatively smooth, straight, slightly variegated, tender green with a reddish tint	87.0	嫩绿明亮 Bright tender green	93.0	清高,鲜爽,略有花香,微青 Elegant and fresh, slight floral note, lightly grassy	92.0	尚浓醇,甘鲜, 微青涩 Fairly mellow and thick, sweet and fresh, lightly astringent and grassy	91.5	嫩较匀,成朵, 嫩绿较明亮 Tender, relatively uniform, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	90.0	90.5
	龙井43 Longjing 43	较扁平,较光滑, 挺直,较绿带糙米黄 Relatively flat and smooth, straight, relatively green with a brownish-yellow (unpolished rice) hue	89.0	嫩绿明亮 Bright tender green	93.0	高鲜,微青,略有花香 Highly fresh, lightly grassy, slight floral note	92.0	甘醇,鲜爽 (微青涩) Sweet and mellow, fresh (lightly astringent and grassy)	92.0	嫩较匀,成朵, 嫩绿明亮 Tender, relatively uniform, whole leaves, bright tender green	91.0	91.3
家坞 Meijiawu	群体种 Local population	较扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,黄稍花稍暗 Relatively flat and smooth, relatively straight, yellowish, slightly variegated and dull	88.0	尚嫩绿明亮 Fairly bright tender green	90.5	较高爽,略有栗香,略有花香 (馥郁) Relatively high and fresh, slight chestnut note, slight floral (fragrant)	92.5	尚浓醇,甘爽 Fairly mellow and thick, sweet and smooth	92.5	嫩较匀,成朵, 嫩黄较明亮 Tender, relatively uniform, whole leaves, relatively bright tender yellow-green	89.0	90.8
	龙井43 Longjing 43	扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,较嫩绿带糙米黄 Flat, relatively smooth, relatively straight, relatively tender green with a brownish- yellow hue	91.0	较嫩绿明亮 Relatively bright tender green	91.5	较高爽,略有花香,略有火工 (微闷) Relatively high and fresh, slight floral note, slight roasted note (slightly stuffy)	92.5	甘醇,鲜爽 Sweet and mellow, fresh	93.0	嫩匀成朵, 嫩黄明亮 Uniform and tender, whole leaves, bright tender yellow-green	90.5	92.0
上城埭 Shang- chengdai	群体种 Local population	扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,较嫩绿带糙米色 Flat, relatively smooth, relatively straight, relatively tender green with a brownish- yellow color	90.0	较嫩绿(偏黄) 明亮 Relatively bright tender green (yellowish)	91.0	清高,鲜爽, 花香显(微青) Elegant and fresh, pronounced floral note (lightly grassy)	91.0	尚浓醇,鲜爽, 微青涩 Fairly mellow and thick, fresh, lightly astringent and grassy	91.0	嫩厚成朵,嫩绿较明亮 Tender and plump, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	91.0	90.8
	龙井43 Longjing 43	扁平,光滑,挺直,糙米色 Flat, smooth, straight, brownish- yellow color	92.0	嫩绿明亮 Bright tender green	93.0	较高鲜,微青, 略有花香 Relatively high freshness, lightly grassy, slight floral note	91.5	尚浓醇,较甘鲜,微涩 Fairly mellow and thick, relatively sweet and fresh, lightly astringent	90.0	嫩厚成朵, 嫩绿明亮 Tender and plump, whole leaves, bright tender green	91.5	91.3
龙门坎 Long- menkan	群体种 Local population	扁平,尚光,较挺直,稍宽大, 黄稍花 Flat, fairly smooth, relatively straight, slightly broad, yellowish with some variegation	88.0	尚嫩绿偏黄 (嫩黄)明亮 Fairly bright, tender green with a yellowish (tender yellow) tint	90.0	较高爽,略有栗香,火工足 Relatively high and fresh, slight chestnut note, full roasted note	90.5	较甘醇,尚鲜爽,有火工 Relatively sweet and mellow, fairly fresh, roasted note present	91.5	嫩较匀,成朵, 黄绿尚明亮 Tender, relatively uniform, whole leaves, fairly bright yellow- green	89.0	90.0
	龙井43 Longjing 43	扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,糙米色 Flat, relatively smooth, relatively straight, brownish- yellow color	91.0	较嫩绿明亮 Relatively bright tender green	91.5	较高爽,略有火工(微闷) Relatively high and fresh, slight roasted note (slightly stuffy)	90.5	甘醇,鲜爽 Sweet and mellow, fresh	93.0	嫩匀成朵,嫩绿较明亮 Uniform and tender, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	91.0	91.5
叶埠桥 Yebuqiao	群体种 Local population	扁平,尚光滑, 较挺直,宽大, 有爆点,黄绿 Flat, fairly smooth, relatively straight, broad, with scorch spots, yellow-green	89.0	绿明亮 Bright green	90.0	清香,略闷, 微青 Clean aroma, slightly stuffy, lightly grassy	89.0	较浓醇,略青涩,尚鲜爽 Relatively thick and mellow, slightly astringent and grassy, fairly fresh	89.5	嫩较匀,成朵, 嫩绿较明亮 Tender, relatively uniform, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	90.0	89.4
	龙井43 Longjing 43	扁平,光滑,挺直,糙米色 Flat, smooth, straight, brownish- yellow color	92.0	较嫩绿明亮 Relatively bright tender green	91.5	较清高,微闷 Relatively elegant, slightly stuffy	90.5	尚浓醇,鲜爽, 微涩(微苦) Fairly mellow and thick, fresh, lightly astringent (slightly bitter)	91.0	嫩匀成朵,嫩绿较明亮 Uniform and tender, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	91.0	91.2
横桥 Hengqiao	群体种 Local population	扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,黄绿稍花 Flat, relatively smooth, relatively straight, yellow- green with slight variegation	89.0	黄明 Bright yellow	89.0	尚高爽,略有嫩栗香 Fairly high and fresh, slight tender chestnut note	90.0	尚浓,略涩, 尚甘爽 Fairly thick, slightly astringent, fairly sweet and smooth	88.0	嫩匀较成朵, 黄绿稍暗 Relatively uniform and tender, fairly whole leaves, slightly dull yellow-green	88.0	88.9
	龙井43 Longjing 43	扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,稍小, 糙米色稍深 Flat, relatively smooth, relatively straight, slightly small, slightly darker brownish- yellow	89.0	尚嫩绿(偏黄) 明亮 Fairly bright, tender green (yellowish)	90.5	尚高爽,微闷 Fairly high and fresh, slightly stuffy	89.5	尚浓醇,尚甘鲜,略涩(苦) Fairly mellow and thick, fairly sweet and fresh, lightly astringent (bitter)	88.5	嫩匀成朵,较嫩绿较明亮 Uniform and tender, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	89.0	89.1

产区 Production area	品种 Variety	外形(25%) Appearance(25%)		汤色(10%) Liquor color(10%)		香气(25%) Aroma(25%)		滋味(30%) Taste(30%)		叶底(10%) Leaf base(10%)		总分 Total score
产区 Production area	品种 Variety	评语 Comment	评分 Score	评语 Comment	评分 Score	评语 Comment	评分 Score	评语 Comment	评分 Score	评语 Comment	评分 Score	总分 Total score
龙井村 Longjing Village	群体种 Local population	扁平,较光滑,挺直,稍花杂,尚嫩绿泛红 Flat, relatively smooth, straight, slightly variegated, tender green with a reddish tint	87.0	嫩绿明亮 Bright tender green	93.0	清高,鲜爽,略有花香,微青 Elegant and fresh, slight floral note, lightly grassy	92.0	尚浓醇,甘鲜, 微青涩 Fairly mellow and thick, sweet and fresh, lightly astringent and grassy	91.5	嫩较匀,成朵, 嫩绿较明亮 Tender, relatively uniform, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	90.0	90.5
	龙井43 Longjing 43	较扁平,较光滑, 挺直,较绿带糙米黄 Relatively flat and smooth, straight, relatively green with a brownish-yellow (unpolished rice) hue	89.0	嫩绿明亮 Bright tender green	93.0	高鲜,微青,略有花香 Highly fresh, lightly grassy, slight floral note	92.0	甘醇,鲜爽 (微青涩) Sweet and mellow, fresh (lightly astringent and grassy)	92.0	嫩较匀,成朵, 嫩绿明亮 Tender, relatively uniform, whole leaves, bright tender green	91.0	91.3
家坞 Meijiawu	群体种 Local population	较扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,黄稍花稍暗 Relatively flat and smooth, relatively straight, yellowish, slightly variegated and dull	88.0	尚嫩绿明亮 Fairly bright tender green	90.5	较高爽,略有栗香,略有花香 (馥郁) Relatively high and fresh, slight chestnut note, slight floral (fragrant)	92.5	尚浓醇,甘爽 Fairly mellow and thick, sweet and smooth	92.5	嫩较匀,成朵, 嫩黄较明亮 Tender, relatively uniform, whole leaves, relatively bright tender yellow-green	89.0	90.8
	龙井43 Longjing 43	扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,较嫩绿带糙米黄 Flat, relatively smooth, relatively straight, relatively tender green with a brownish- yellow hue	91.0	较嫩绿明亮 Relatively bright tender green	91.5	较高爽,略有花香,略有火工 (微闷) Relatively high and fresh, slight floral note, slight roasted note (slightly stuffy)	92.5	甘醇,鲜爽 Sweet and mellow, fresh	93.0	嫩匀成朵, 嫩黄明亮 Uniform and tender, whole leaves, bright tender yellow-green	90.5	92.0
上城埭 Shang- chengdai	群体种 Local population	扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,较嫩绿带糙米色 Flat, relatively smooth, relatively straight, relatively tender green with a brownish- yellow color	90.0	较嫩绿(偏黄) 明亮 Relatively bright tender green (yellowish)	91.0	清高,鲜爽, 花香显(微青) Elegant and fresh, pronounced floral note (lightly grassy)	91.0	尚浓醇,鲜爽, 微青涩 Fairly mellow and thick, fresh, lightly astringent and grassy	91.0	嫩厚成朵,嫩绿较明亮 Tender and plump, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	91.0	90.8
	龙井43 Longjing 43	扁平,光滑,挺直,糙米色 Flat, smooth, straight, brownish- yellow color	92.0	嫩绿明亮 Bright tender green	93.0	较高鲜,微青, 略有花香 Relatively high freshness, lightly grassy, slight floral note	91.5	尚浓醇,较甘鲜,微涩 Fairly mellow and thick, relatively sweet and fresh, lightly astringent	90.0	嫩厚成朵, 嫩绿明亮 Tender and plump, whole leaves, bright tender green	91.5	91.3
龙门坎 Long- menkan	群体种 Local population	扁平,尚光,较挺直,稍宽大, 黄稍花 Flat, fairly smooth, relatively straight, slightly broad, yellowish with some variegation	88.0	尚嫩绿偏黄 (嫩黄)明亮 Fairly bright, tender green with a yellowish (tender yellow) tint	90.0	较高爽,略有栗香,火工足 Relatively high and fresh, slight chestnut note, full roasted note	90.5	较甘醇,尚鲜爽,有火工 Relatively sweet and mellow, fairly fresh, roasted note present	91.5	嫩较匀,成朵, 黄绿尚明亮 Tender, relatively uniform, whole leaves, fairly bright yellow- green	89.0	90.0
	龙井43 Longjing 43	扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,糙米色 Flat, relatively smooth, relatively straight, brownish- yellow color	91.0	较嫩绿明亮 Relatively bright tender green	91.5	较高爽,略有火工(微闷) Relatively high and fresh, slight roasted note (slightly stuffy)	90.5	甘醇,鲜爽 Sweet and mellow, fresh	93.0	嫩匀成朵,嫩绿较明亮 Uniform and tender, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	91.0	91.5
叶埠桥 Yebuqiao	群体种 Local population	扁平,尚光滑, 较挺直,宽大, 有爆点,黄绿 Flat, fairly smooth, relatively straight, broad, with scorch spots, yellow-green	89.0	绿明亮 Bright green	90.0	清香,略闷, 微青 Clean aroma, slightly stuffy, lightly grassy	89.0	较浓醇,略青涩,尚鲜爽 Relatively thick and mellow, slightly astringent and grassy, fairly fresh	89.5	嫩较匀,成朵, 嫩绿较明亮 Tender, relatively uniform, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	90.0	89.4
	龙井43 Longjing 43	扁平,光滑,挺直,糙米色 Flat, smooth, straight, brownish- yellow color	92.0	较嫩绿明亮 Relatively bright tender green	91.5	较清高,微闷 Relatively elegant, slightly stuffy	90.5	尚浓醇,鲜爽, 微涩(微苦) Fairly mellow and thick, fresh, lightly astringent (slightly bitter)	91.0	嫩匀成朵,嫩绿较明亮 Uniform and tender, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	91.0	91.2
横桥 Hengqiao	群体种 Local population	扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,黄绿稍花 Flat, relatively smooth, relatively straight, yellow- green with slight variegation	89.0	黄明 Bright yellow	89.0	尚高爽,略有嫩栗香 Fairly high and fresh, slight tender chestnut note	90.0	尚浓,略涩, 尚甘爽 Fairly thick, slightly astringent, fairly sweet and smooth	88.0	嫩匀较成朵, 黄绿稍暗 Relatively uniform and tender, fairly whole leaves, slightly dull yellow-green	88.0	88.9
	龙井43 Longjing 43	扁平,较光滑, 较挺直,稍小, 糙米色稍深 Flat, relatively smooth, relatively straight, slightly small, slightly darker brownish- yellow	89.0	尚嫩绿(偏黄) 明亮 Fairly bright, tender green (yellowish)	90.5	尚高爽,微闷 Fairly high and fresh, slightly stuffy	89.5	尚浓醇,尚甘鲜,略涩(苦) Fairly mellow and thick, fairly sweet and fresh, lightly astringent (bitter)	88.5	嫩匀成朵,较嫩绿较明亮 Uniform and tender, whole leaves, relatively bright tender green	89.0	89.1

基于土壤特性因素的不同区域西湖龙井茶品质研究

Study on the quality of West Lake Longjing tea in different regions based on soil properties

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