不同茶树品种制龙井茶的香气特征研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.03

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 437-446.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.03

不同茶树品种制龙井茶的香气特征研究

吴小清¹(), 周菲菲¹, 叶影¹, 黄艳梅¹, 杨蕾玉¹, 黄海涛²^,^*(), 吴媛媛¹^,^*()

1.浙江大学茶学系,浙江杭州 310058
2.杭州市农业科学研究院茶叶研究所,浙江杭州 310024

收稿日期:2020-09-29 出版日期:2022-03-25 发布日期:2022-03-30
通讯作者: 黄海涛,吴媛媛
作者简介:吴媛媛,E-mail: yywu@zju.edu.cn
*黄海涛,E-mail: hthuang309@hotmail.com;
吴小清(1994—),福建宁德人,硕士研究生,研究方向为茶叶生物化学。E-mail: 21716169@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家茶叶产业技术体系(CARS-23);浙江省茶树农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02053-1);杭州市农业与社会发展科研主动设计项目(20172015A03)

Analysis of aroma characteristics of Longjing tea made from different tea cultivars

WU Xiaoqing¹(), ZHOU Feifei¹, YE Ying¹, HUANG Yanmei¹, YANG Leiyu¹, HUANG Haitao²^,^*(), WU Yuanyuan¹^,^*()

1. Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Institute of Tea Research, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China

Received:2020-09-29 Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-03-30
Contact: HUANG Haitao,WU Yuanyuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

龙井茶是我国传统名茶之一,不同茶树品种制成的龙井茶品质特征差异明显,香气类型也各异。本研究通过茶叶感官审评方法对20个品种龙井茶进行香气评分,结果显示,样品主要呈现清香、花香和栗香。运用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME/GC-MS)对成分组成及其相对含量进行了分析,共检测出74种主要香气成分。通过偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)发现,不同品种制成的龙井茶在香气成分组成上存在显著性差异,并呈现不同的香气类型。鸠坑无性系单株品种J1132、J1137、J1142、JK8、JK12、JK211、LF栗香物质含量丰富,制得的龙井茶栗香明显;龙井品种制成的龙井茶香气类型多样,L2、L5制成的龙井茶栗香明显,LJ43制成的龙井茶呈清香,ZC108和LJCY制成的龙井茶带花香;福云系列品种制得的龙井茶花香明显。

关键词: 茶树品种, 龙井茶, 香气

Abstract:

Longjing tea is one of the traditional high-grade tea in China. The tea cultivars have a significant effect on the aroma quality of Longjing tea. In this study, the aroma of 20 varieties of Longjing tea was evaluated by tea sensory evaluation method. The headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) was used to analyze the relative contents of aroma compounds from 20 Longjing tea samples which were made from different tea cultivars. A total of 74 main aroma components were detected from these samples. By the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), significant differences in the chemical composition of aroma components from different Longjing tea samples were found and characterized as different aroma types. Jiukeng single plant clone cultivars J1132, J1137, J1142, JK8, JK12, JK211, and LF Longjing tea samples were rich in volatile components with chestnut aroma, which were easy to process Longjing tea with chestnut flavor. The aroma types of Longjing tea samples made from different Longjing cultivars were also different. Tea samples of L2 and L5 were characterized with chestnut fragrance, LJ43 sample was fresh fragrance, ZC108, LJCY were floral fragrance. Fuyun hybrid cultivars were easy to process floral fragrance Longjing.

Key words: tea cultivars, Longjing tea, aroma

中图分类号:

S571.1

吴小清, 周菲菲, 叶影, 黄艳梅, 杨蕾玉, 黄海涛, 吴媛媛. 不同茶树品种制龙井茶的香气特征研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(3): 437-446.

WU Xiaoqing, ZHOU Feifei, YE Ying, HUANG Yanmei, YANG Leiyu, HUANG Haitao, WU Yuanyuan. Analysis of aroma characteristics of Longjing tea made from different tea cultivars[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(3): 437-446.

图/表 6

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编号 Code	茶树品种 Tea variety	缩写 Abbreviation	亲本/来源 Parents/Origin
1	福鼎大白茶Fuding Dabaicha	FDDB	福建福鼎Fuding, Fujian
2	迎霜Yingshuang	YS	福鼎大白茶×云南大叶种Fuding Dabaicha×Yunnan Dayezhong
3	春雨1号Chunyu 1	CY1H	福鼎大白茶Fuding Dabaicha
4	浙农117 Zhenong 117	ZN117	福鼎大白茶×云南大叶种Fuding Dabaicha×Yunnan Dayezhong
5	L2	L2	龙井种Longjingzhong
6	L5	L5	龙井种Longjingzhong
7	龙井长叶Longjing Changye	LJCY	龙井种Longjingzhong
8	龙井43 Longjing 43	LJ43	龙井种Longjingzhong
9	中茶108 Zhongcha 108	ZC108	龙井种Longjingzhong
10	J1132	J1132	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
11	J1137	J1137	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
12	J1142	J1142	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
13	J1401	J1401	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
14	鸠坑8 Jiukeng 8	JK8	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
15	鸠坑12 Jiukeng 12	JK12	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
16	LS01	LS01	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
17	鸠坑211 Jiukeng 211	JK211	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
18	鸠坑早Jiukengzao	JKZ	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
19	栗峰Lifeng	LF	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
20	嘉茗1号Jiaming 1	JM1H	浙江温州Wenzhou, Zhejiang

编号 Code	茶树品种 Tea variety	缩写 Abbreviation	亲本/来源 Parents/Origin
1	福鼎大白茶Fuding Dabaicha	FDDB	福建福鼎Fuding, Fujian
2	迎霜Yingshuang	YS	福鼎大白茶×云南大叶种Fuding Dabaicha×Yunnan Dayezhong
3	春雨1号Chunyu 1	CY1H	福鼎大白茶Fuding Dabaicha
4	浙农117 Zhenong 117	ZN117	福鼎大白茶×云南大叶种Fuding Dabaicha×Yunnan Dayezhong
5	L2	L2	龙井种Longjingzhong
6	L5	L5	龙井种Longjingzhong
7	龙井长叶Longjing Changye	LJCY	龙井种Longjingzhong
8	龙井43 Longjing 43	LJ43	龙井种Longjingzhong
9	中茶108 Zhongcha 108	ZC108	龙井种Longjingzhong
10	J1132	J1132	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
11	J1137	J1137	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
12	J1142	J1142	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
13	J1401	J1401	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
14	鸠坑8 Jiukeng 8	JK8	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
15	鸠坑12 Jiukeng 12	JK12	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
16	LS01	LS01	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
17	鸠坑211 Jiukeng 211	JK211	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
18	鸠坑早Jiukengzao	JKZ	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
19	栗峰Lifeng	LF	鸠坑种Jiukengzhong
20	嘉茗1号Jiaming 1	JM1H	浙江温州Wenzhou, Zhejiang

编号Code	品种Tea variety	香气评语Aroma comments	评分Score
1	FDDB	较清高Cleaner and higher	89
2	YS	尚高爽,有嫩香High brisk, tender aroma	89
3	CY1H	尚清香,带花香Clean and refreshing, flowery aroma	88
4	ZN117	清花香Clean flowery aroma	91
5	L2	较清高,带花香Cleaner and higher, flowery aroma	90
6	L5	较清高,有奶香Cleaner and higher, milk fragrance	92
7	LJCY	清纯Clean and pure	86
8	LJ43	较清高,略闷Cleaner and higher, little dull odour	88
9	ZC108	较高爽,有花香Refresher, flowery aroma	88
10	J1132	有嫩香,带清花香Tender aroma, clean flowery fragrance	91
11	J1137	尚清高,有嫩栗香Clean and high, tender chestnut aroma	89
12	J1142	嫩栗香,有清花香Tender chestnut aroma, clean flowery fragrance	90
13	J1401	清高,带花香Clean and high, flowery aroma	91
14	JK8	较清高,有嫩栗香Cleaner and higher, tender chestnut aroma	90
15	JK12	有毫香,有嫩栗香Pekoe flavour, tender chestnut aroma	90
16	LS01	较清高,有嫩香Cleaner and higher, tender aroma	90
17	JK211	有嫩栗香,略粗Tender chestnut aroma, little coarse	89
18	JKZ	有甜花香Sweet flowery aroma	89
19	LF	高鲜,嫩栗香Fresh and high, tender chestnut aroma	92
20	JM1H	较清高,有嫩香Higher and cleaner, tender aroma	91

编号Code	品种Tea variety	香气评语Aroma comments	评分Score
1	FDDB	较清高Cleaner and higher	89
2	YS	尚高爽,有嫩香High brisk, tender aroma	89
3	CY1H	尚清香,带花香Clean and refreshing, flowery aroma	88
4	ZN117	清花香Clean flowery aroma	91
5	L2	较清高,带花香Cleaner and higher, flowery aroma	90
6	L5	较清高,有奶香Cleaner and higher, milk fragrance	92
7	LJCY	清纯Clean and pure	86
8	LJ43	较清高,略闷Cleaner and higher, little dull odour	88
9	ZC108	较高爽,有花香Refresher, flowery aroma	88
10	J1132	有嫩香,带清花香Tender aroma, clean flowery fragrance	91
11	J1137	尚清高,有嫩栗香Clean and high, tender chestnut aroma	89
12	J1142	嫩栗香,有清花香Tender chestnut aroma, clean flowery fragrance	90
13	J1401	清高,带花香Clean and high, flowery aroma	91
14	JK8	较清高,有嫩栗香Cleaner and higher, tender chestnut aroma	90
15	JK12	有毫香,有嫩栗香Pekoe flavour, tender chestnut aroma	90
16	LS01	较清高,有嫩香Cleaner and higher, tender aroma	90
17	JK211	有嫩栗香,略粗Tender chestnut aroma, little coarse	89
18	JKZ	有甜花香Sweet flowery aroma	89
19	LF	高鲜,嫩栗香Fresh and high, tender chestnut aroma	92
20	JM1H	较清高,有嫩香Higher and cleaner, tender aroma	91

序号 Code		出峰时间 Time/min		化合物 Compound	最低含量 Min/%		最高含量 Max/%		平均值 Average /%		变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
1		4.91		3-甲基-4-戊烯-1-醇3-methyl-4-penten-1-ol	—		6.02		2.19		0.75
2		6.43		庚醛Heptanal	—		2.73		0.26		2.55
3		8.79		(E)-2-己烯基苯甲酸酯(E)-2-hexenyl benzoate	—		4.04		1.15		1.12
4		9.61		1-(乙烯氧基)-十八烷1-(ethenyloxy)-octadecane	—		15.21		5.90		0.73
5		11.72		柠檬烯Limonene	—		16.89		0.84		4.47
6		11.73		4-乙基-1-辛炔-3-醇4-ethyl-1-octyn-3-ol	—		7.27		1.66		1.35
7		12.08		苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol	—		2.92		0.24		3.17
8		12.10		十二烷基-2-甲基苯酯Dodecyl-2-methylphenyl ester	—		7.61		2.06		1.25
9		12.15		(-)-桃金娘烯醇(-)-Myrtenol	—		6.67		0.33		4.47
10		13.28		2-丁基-1-辛醇2-butyl-1-octanol	—		25.2		8.46		0.80
11		13.40		α-甲基-苯甲醇α-methyl-benzenemethanol	—		7.29		0.36		4.47
12		13.92		4-甲基-3-戊烯基缩水甘油4-methyl-3-pentenyl-oxiranemethanol	—		9.83		3.65		0.70
13		14.57		顺-芳樟醇氧化物cis-Linalool oxide	—		4.73		0.59		2.22
14		14.99		植醇Phytol	—		2.00		0.17		2.86
15		15.32		芳樟醇Linalool	10.24		36.03		21.16		0.35
16		15.75		2-十四烷基苯乙酸酯2-tetradecyl ester-benzeneacetic acid	—		6.56		0.45		3.34
17		15.80		苯乙醇Phenylethyl alcohol	—		2.24		0.11		4.47
18		16.71		3,6-二甲基辛基-2-酮3,6-dimethyl-octan-2-one	—		4.68		1.22		1.05
19		17.70		癸醚1,1'-oxybis-decane	—		5.7		2.62		0.85
20		18.42		十八烷酸Octadecanoic acid	—		3.13		0.46		2.11
21		18.67		6-乙烯基四氢-2,2,6-三甲基-2H-吡喃-3-醇	—		9.03		1.70		1.70
				6-ethenyltetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-3-ol
22		19.41		(E)-2-十三烯醛(E)-2-Tridecenal	—		1.45		0.23		2.08
23		19.42		顺-3-己烯基异丁酸酯cis-3-hexenyl iso-butyrate	—		4.83		1.49		1.14
24		19.70		1,2-15,16-二环氧十六烷1,2-15,16-diepoxyhexadecane	—		3.71		0.49		1.97
序号 Code	出峰时间 Time/min		化合物 Compound			最低含量 Min/%		最高含量 Max/%		平均值 Average /%		变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
25	19.91		(Z)-6-十三烯(Z)-6-Tridecene			—		5.25		1.21		1.22
26	19.91		(E)-5-二十碳烯(E)-5-Eicosene			—		0.34		0.04		2.46
27	20.09		十二烷Dodecane			—		11.02		6.38		0.41
28	20.32		1-二十烷醇1-eicosanol			—		3.34		0.68		1.49
29	20.56		2,6,10-三甲基-十四烷2,6,10-trimethyl-tetradecane			0.53		7.49		2.12		0.91
30	20.72		3,7-二甲基-2-辛烯-1-醇-异丁酸3,7-dimethyl-2-octen-1-ol-isobutyrate			0.38		5.52		1.72		1.02
31	21.25		5-丁基-4-壬烯5-butyl-4-nonene			—		0.37		0.11		1.19
32	21.52		顺-3-正戊酸己烯酯cis-3-n-valeric acid hexenyl ester			—		2.95		0.34		2.52
33	21.53		顺-3-己烯基-α-甲基丁酸酯cis-3-hexenyl-α-methylbutyrate			—		3.91		1.16		0.97
34	22.42		3,7,11-三甲基-十二烷醇3,7,11-trimethyl-1-dodecanol			—		9.36		1.12		1.83
35	22.50		香叶醇Geraniol			—		0.67		0.06		3.09
36	22.51		香叶基乙烯基醚Geranyl vinyl ether			—		6.54		0.70		2.13
37	22.63		(Z)-9-甲基-10-十五碳烯-1-醇(Z)-9-methyl-10-pentadecen-1-ol			—		0.84		0.20		1.46
38	22.64		2-甲基-1-十六烷醇2-methyl-1-hexadecanol			—		6.20		0.95		1.45
39	22.86		烯丙基2-乙基丁酸酯Allyl 2-ethyl butyrate			—		3.41		0.86		1.07
40	22.87		四氢-6-壬基-2氢吡喃-2-酮Tetrahydro-6-nonyl-2H-pyran-2-one			—		0.89		0.08		2.50
41	23.35		二叔十二烷基二硫化物Disulfide di-tert-dodecyl			—		2.52		0.79		0.92
42	23.73		十五烷Pentadecane			—		4.36		0.98		1.52
43	24.20		3,7,11,15-四甲基-乙酸-十六烷基酯			—		0.60		0.08		2.35
			3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-acetic acid-hexadecyl ester
44	24.26		(E)-3-二十碳烯(E)-3-eicosene			—		1.25		0.23		1.72
45	24.35		2-己基-1-癸醇2-hexyl-1-decanol			—		2.32		0.85		0.89
46	24.35		2,6,11-三甲基-十二烷2,6,11-trimethyl-dodecane			—		2.19		0.19		2.73
47	24.62		十三烷Tridecane			—		4.74		1.68		0.79
48	25.50		1-十七碳烯1-heptadecene			—		1.73		0.14		2.71
49	26.34		7-甲基-十七烷7-methyl-heptadecane			—		0.34		0.07		1.84
50	26.48		2-甲基-十二烷2-methyl-dodecane			—		1.16		0.21		1.76
51	26.57		β-古巴烯β-copaene			—		1.04		0.05		4.47
52	27.65		3-甲基-十三烷3-methyl-tridecane			—		1.61		0.71		0.74
53	27.65		1-氯-十六1-chloro-hexadecane			—		2.81		0.22		2.85
54	28.10		(Z)-己酸-3-己烯酯(Z)-hexanoic acid-3-hexenyl ester			—		4.84		1.93		0.73
55	28.32		(Z)-10-十四碳烯-1-醇-乙酸酯(Z)-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate			—		1.96		0.53		0.96
56	28.33		2-己烯-1-基酯十二烷酸2-hexen-1-yl ester dodecanoic acid			—		1.67		0.13		3.10
57	28.52		(E)-己酸-2-己烯酯(E)-hexanoic acid-2-hexenyl ester			—		2.54		0.20		2.79
58	28.93		十四烷Tetradecane			—		4.55		1.45		0.77
59	29.38		石竹烯Caryophyllene			—		0.40		0.02		4.47
60	29.83		6-表白菖醇6-epi-shyobunol			—		1.15		0.13		2.08
61	31.11		香叶基异戊酸酯Geranyl isovalerate			—		2.26		0.41		1.75
62	31.21		β-法呢烯β-farnesene			—		0.47		0.03		3.37
63	32.20		β-紫罗兰酮β-ionone			—		0.78		0.41		0.51
64	33.32		丁基羟基甲苯Butylated hydroxytoluene			—		0.87		0.18		1.54
65	33.61		(1R,2S,5R)-1'-(丁基-3-酮-1-基)-薄荷醇			—		0.72		0.10		1.82
			(1R,2S,5R)-1'-(butyn-3-one-1-yl)-menthol
66	33.69		4-表荜澄茄醇4-epi-cubedol			—		2.54		0.29		2.04
67	33.69		(1S-顺式)-1,2,3,5,6,8a-六氢-4,7-二甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-萘			—		1.68		0.08		4.47
			(1S-cis)-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-naphthalene
68	33.91		(Z)-8-甲基-9-十四烯酸(Z)-8-methyl-9-tetradecenoic acid			—		4.17		0.86		1.29
69	34.38		(Z)-7-甲基-十四烯-1-醇乙酸酯(Z)-7-methyl-tetradecen-1-ol acetate			—		0.37		0.05		2.27
70	35.73		橙花叔醇Nerolidol			—		1.19		0.10		3.04
71	36.47		8-丙氧基-柏木烷8-propoxy-cedrane			—		0.11		0.01		2.49
72	36.47		雪松醇Cedrol			—		0.21		0.01		4.47
73	36.63		3-甲基-十五烷3-methyl-pentadecane			—		0.35		0.07		1.55
74	36.88		十六烷Hexadecane			—		0.32		0.08		1.58

不同茶树品种制龙井茶的香气特征研究

Analysis of aroma characteristics of Longjing tea made from different tea cultivars

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