妊娠110 d背膘卡尺评分及胎次对二元回交母猪繁殖性能的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250514

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1529-1538.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250514

妊娠110 d背膘卡尺评分及胎次对二元回交母猪繁殖性能的影响

李晓霞¹(), 王钢锋², 王大一², 曹平华¹

¹ 河南科技大学动物科技学院, 河南洛阳 471023
² 新希望六和股份有限公司, 北京 100102

收稿日期:2025-07-29 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-09-14
作者简介:李晓霞,研究方向为哺乳动物胚胎工程。E-mail: xxcphzs@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31872354);国家自然科学基金(32372933);河南省教育厅重点科研项目计划(24A230002)

Effects of backfat caliper score at 110 days of gestation and parity on reproductive performance of backcross binary sows

LI Xiaoxia¹(), WANG Gangfeng², WANG Dayi², CAO Pinghua¹

¹ College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
² New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China

Received:2025-07-29 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-09-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估妊娠110 d背膘卡尺评分及胎次对二元回交母猪繁殖性能的影响,并探讨体况卡尺评分系统在母猪生产管理中的应用价值,本研究对贵州省某种猪场1 072头二元回交母猪的生产数据进行了单因素方差分析和相关回归分析。结果表明:1)胎次对二元回交母猪繁殖性能有显著(p<0.05)影响,1~4胎表现最佳,7胎后产仔性能明显下降。2)初产母猪中,卡尺评分≤17组的总产仔数、活仔数和健仔数最高,且仔猪初生窝重和断奶重显著高于卡尺评分>22组;(17, 20)组和[20, 22]组的仔猪初生重均显著高于其他组,仔猪初生窝重和断奶重显著高于评分>22组。经产母猪中,以卡尺评分≤17组的繁殖性能最优,(17, 20)组次之。3)初产母猪仔猪的初生窝重、初生重以及断奶重与卡尺评分呈极显著(p<0.01)负相关,19~21分时表现最佳;经产母猪产活仔数及初生窝重与卡尺评分呈显著负相关,以18~20分时的表现较好。综上,二元回交母猪1~4胎繁殖性能最优,7胎后建议淘汰;初产母猪的背膘卡尺评分应控制在19~21分,经产母猪控制在18~20分。

关键词: 胎次, 卡尺评分, 二元回交母猪, 繁殖性能

Abstract:

Production records of 1 072 backcross binary sows from a breeding farm in Guizhou Province were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and correlation regression to evaluate the effects of backfat caliper score at day 110 of gestation and parities on reproductive performance of sows. The practical utility of the caliper scoring system in sow production management was further evaluated. The results showed that: 1) Parity significantly (p<0.05) influenced the reproductive performance of backcross binary sows, with optimal performance observed in parities 1-4 and marked declines after parity 7. 2) In primiparous sows, the group of caliper score ≤17 demonstrated the highest total number of born, number of born alive, and number of healthy born. This group also had significantly greater litter birth weight and weaning weight of piglets than the >22 group. Both the (17, 20) and [20, 22] groups exhibited significantly higher average piglet birth weight compared with the other groups. Additionally, their litter birth weight and piglet weaning weight were also significantly greater than those observed in the >22 group. For multiparous sows, the group of caliper score ≤17 had the highest reproductive performance, followed by the (17, 20) group. 3) Extremely significantly (p<0.01) negative correlations were observed between backfat caliper scores and litter birth weight, birth weight, and weaning weight of the piglets in primiparous sows, with optimal reproductive performance achieved at scores of 19-21. Whereas, the number of born alive and litter birth weight of piglets were significantly negatively correlated with the caliper score of multiparous sows, and the scores were better at 18-20 points. In conclusion, the reproductive performance of backcross binary sows is optimal during parities 1-4, and culling is recommended after parity 7; the backfat caliper score for primiparous sows should be maintained within 19-21, while that for multiparous sows should be kept at 18-20.

Key words: parity, caliper score, binary backcross sow, reproductive performance

中图分类号:

S828

李晓霞, 王钢锋, 王大一, 曹平华. 妊娠110 d背膘卡尺评分及胎次对二元回交母猪繁殖性能的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(8): 1529-1538.

LI Xiaoxia, WANG Gangfeng, WANG Dayi, CAO Pinghua. Effects of backfat caliper score at 110 days of gestation and parity on reproductive performance of backcross binary sows[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(8): 1529-1538.

图/表 9

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体况 Body condition	卡尺评分 Caliper score	背膘厚度/mm Backfat thickness/mm
极瘦Emaciated	<15	<13
偏瘦Thin	[15, 17]	[13, 15]
标准Ideal	(17, 20)	(15, 18)
偏肥Heshy	[20, 22]	[18, 20]
过肥Obese	>22	>20

体况 Body condition	卡尺评分 Caliper score	背膘厚度/mm Backfat thickness/mm
极瘦Emaciated	<15	<13
偏瘦Thin	[15, 17]	[13, 15]
标准Ideal	(17, 20)	(15, 18)
偏肥Heshy	[20, 22]	[18, 20]
过肥Obese	>22	>20

胎次 Parity	样本数 Sample number	总产仔数 Total number of born	产活仔数 Number of born alive	健仔数 Number of healthy born	畸弱数 Number of weak or malformed piglet	死胎数 Number of stillbirths	木乃伊数 Number of mummified fetuses
1	521	11.88±1.83 a	11.46±1.83 a	11.15±1.79 ab	0.32±0.74 a	0.24±0.65 a	0.17±0.53 a
2	121	11.71±1.97 ab	11.39±1.90 ab	11.17±1.86 a	0.21±0.62 a	0.26±0.57 a	0.07±0.34 a
3	83	11.53±1.84 abc	11.16±1.87 ab	10.89±1.85 ab	0.27±0.52 a	0.27±0.70 a	0.11±0.44 a
4	41	11.66±2.64 ab	11.24±2.84 ab	10.90±2.68 ab	0.34±0.76 a	0.34±0.69 a	0.07±0.26 a
5	121	11.17±2.14 abc	10.74±2.26 ab	10.57±2.21 abc	0.17±0.51 a	0.26±0.69 a	0.17±0.48 a
6	90	11.10±2.38 abc	10.78±2.32 ab	10.53±2.15 abc	0.24±0.72 a	0.26±0.59 a	0.07±0.29 a
7	27	10.74±2.57 cd	10.52±2.99 bc	10.26±2.85 bc	0.26±0.86 a	0.11±0.58 a	0.11±0.42 a
8	49	10.86±2.21 bcd	10.53±2.17 bc	10.43±2.14 abc	0.10±0.37 a	0.20±0.61 a	0.12±0.39 a
9	19	10.16±2.24 d	9.84±2.22 c	9.74±2.21 c	0.11±0.32 a	0.26±0.45 a	0.05±0.23 a

胎次 Parity	样本数 Sample number	总产仔数 Total number of born	产活仔数 Number of born alive	健仔数 Number of healthy born	畸弱数 Number of weak or malformed piglet	死胎数 Number of stillbirths	木乃伊数 Number of mummified fetuses
1	521	11.88±1.83 a	11.46±1.83 a	11.15±1.79 ab	0.32±0.74 a	0.24±0.65 a	0.17±0.53 a
2	121	11.71±1.97 ab	11.39±1.90 ab	11.17±1.86 a	0.21±0.62 a	0.26±0.57 a	0.07±0.34 a
3	83	11.53±1.84 abc	11.16±1.87 ab	10.89±1.85 ab	0.27±0.52 a	0.27±0.70 a	0.11±0.44 a
4	41	11.66±2.64 ab	11.24±2.84 ab	10.90±2.68 ab	0.34±0.76 a	0.34±0.69 a	0.07±0.26 a
5	121	11.17±2.14 abc	10.74±2.26 ab	10.57±2.21 abc	0.17±0.51 a	0.26±0.69 a	0.17±0.48 a
6	90	11.10±2.38 abc	10.78±2.32 ab	10.53±2.15 abc	0.24±0.72 a	0.26±0.59 a	0.07±0.29 a
7	27	10.74±2.57 cd	10.52±2.99 bc	10.26±2.85 bc	0.26±0.86 a	0.11±0.58 a	0.11±0.42 a
8	49	10.86±2.21 bcd	10.53±2.17 bc	10.43±2.14 abc	0.10±0.37 a	0.20±0.61 a	0.12±0.39 a
9	19	10.16±2.24 d	9.84±2.22 c	9.74±2.21 c	0.11±0.32 a	0.26±0.45 a	0.05±0.23 a

胎次 Parity	样本数 Sample number	初生窝重/kg Litter birth weight/kg	初生重/kg Average piglet birth weight/kg	断奶数 Number of weaned piglets	断奶率/% Weaning survival rate/%	断奶重/kg Weaning weight of piglets/kg
1	521	14.96±2.90 a	1.30±0.17 abc	10.84±2.08 ab	94.54±12.60 a	6.78±0.53 bcd
2	121	15.06±2.54 a	1.33±0.08 ab	10.72±2.44 ab	93.64±14.41 a	6.94±0.30 ab
3	83	13.96±2.83 ab	1.25±0.14 c	10.93±1.97 a	97.93±5.46 a	6.60±0.51 d
4	41	14.09±3.77 ab	1.26±0.16 c	10.32±2.50 ab	92.78±11.63 a	6.96±0.19 ab
5	121	14.18±3.03 ab	1.32±0.11 ab	10.36±2.62 ab	95.70±13.20 a	6.77±0.50 bcd
6	90	14.33±3.05 ab	1.33±0.08 ab	10.34±2.20 ab	96.43±8.01 a	6.93±0.20 ab
7	27	13.32±3.73 b	1.28±0.12 bc	9.85±2.81 bc	94.93±12.43 a	6.74±0.30 cd
8	49	14.08±2.85 ab	1.34±0.10 a	9.94±2.56 abc	94.35±12.92 a	6.90±0.31 abc
9	19	13.19±2.88 b	1.35±0.09 a	9.21±2.80 c	92.47±17.96 a	6.99±0.17 a

妊娠110 d背膘卡尺评分及胎次对二元回交母猪繁殖性能的影响

Effects of backfat caliper score at 110 days of gestation and parity on reproductive performance of backcross binary sows

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类别 Sort	卡尺评分 Caliper score	样本数 Sample number	总产仔数 Total number of born	产活仔数 Number of born alive	健仔数 Number of healthy born	畸弱数 Number of weak or malformed piglet	死胎数 Number of stillbirths	木乃伊数 Number of mummified fetuses
初产母猪	≤17	17	12.47±0.87 a	12.41±0.94 a	12.00±1.17 a	0.41±0.71 a	0.06±0.24 b	0 a
Primiparous	(17, 20)	131	11.99±1.77 a	11.44±1.70 b	11.16±1.82 b	0.39±0.84 a	0.38±0.93 a	0.18±0.49 a
sows	[20, 22]	306	11.91±1.81 a	11.55±1.73 b	11.20±1.71 b	0.25±0.67 a	0.21±0.54 ab	0.15±0.46 a
	>22	67	11.39±2.18 a	10.93±2.49 b	10.69±2.48 b	0.24±0.61 a	0.16±0.48 ab	0.30±0.89 a
经产母猪	≤17	42	11.64±2.17 a	11.38±2.29 a	11.07±1.94 a	0.31±0.98 a	0.24±0.58 a	0.02±0.15 a
Multiparous	(17, 20)	209	11.41±2.41 a	11.10±2.49 a	10.89±2.40 a	0.20±0.55 a	0.23±0.57 a	0.09±0.34 a
sows	[20, 22]	254	11.06±2.11 a	10.70±2.11 a	10.50±2.07 a	0.22±0.60 a	0.24±0.57 a	0.12±0.43 a
	>22	46	11.59±1.39 a	11.02±1.45 a	10.78±1.58 a	0.24±0.52 a	0.41±1.09 a	0.15±0.42 a

类别 Sort	卡尺评分 Caliper score	样本数 Sample number	初生窝重/kg Litter birth weight/kg	初生重/kg Average piglet birth weight/kg	断奶数 Number of weaned piglets	断奶率/% Weaning survival rate/%	断奶重/kg Weaning weight of piglets/kg
初产母猪	≤17	17	15.42±2.77 a	1.24±0.17 b	11.47±0.94 a	92.67±7.55 a	6.86±0.23 a
Primiparous	(17, 20)	131	15.23±2.92 a	1.33±0.15 a	10.70±2.31 a	93.35±14.41 a	6.83±0.34 a
sows	[20, 22]	306	15.18±2.67 a	1.32±0.15 a	10.91±1.94 a	94.81±11.66 a	6.85±0.39 a
	>22	67	13.30±3.42 b	1.20±0.22 b	10.63±2.44 a	96.14±13.84 a	6.38±1.04 b
经产母猪	≤17	42	14.28±2.70 a	1.27±0.13 b	10.57±2.13 a	93.85±12.51 a	7.01±0.20 a
Multiparous	(17, 20)	209	14.55±3.24 a	1.32±0.10 a	10.58±2.62 a	95.15±11.65 a	6.82±0.28 b
sows	[20, 22]	254	13.97±2.98 a	1.31±0.13 a	10.22±2.41 a	95.38±12.23 a	6.82±0.48 b
	>22	46	14.66±2.03 a	1.33±0.07 a	10.59±1.98 a	95.64±11.74 a	6.85±0.36 b

类别 Sort	总产仔数 Total number of born	产活仔数 Number of born alive	健仔数 Number of healthy born	初生窝重 Litter birth weight	初生重 Average piglet birth weight	断奶数 Number of weaned piglets	断奶率 Weaning survival rate	断奶重 Weaning weight of piglets
初产母猪 Primiparous sows	-0.070	-0.062	-0.044	-0.121^**	-0.126^**	0.013	0.074	-0.167^**
经产母猪 Multiparous sows	-0.078	-0.093^*	-0.085	-0.096^*	-0.430	-0.053	0.042	-0.060

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