Design and experiment of small-sized potato harvester suitable for hilly and mountainous areas

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.04.18

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 724-738.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.04.18

• Biosystems Engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles

Design and experiment of small-sized potato harvester suitable for hilly and mountainous areas

WANG Haiyi¹^,²(), ZHANG Zhaoguo¹^,²^,^*(), IBRAHIM Issa¹^,², XIE Kaiting¹^,², Wael EL-KOLALY³^,⁴, CAO Qinzhou¹^,²

1. Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2. Traditional Chinese Medicinal Mechanization Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Province Colleges and Universities, Kunming 650500, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
4. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AENRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture of Egypt, Cairo 11495, Egypt

Received:2020-09-17 Online:2021-04-25 Published:2021-04-25
Contact: ZHANG Zhaoguo

Abstract

Abstract:

In view of the problems of low applicability, low exposure rate, high damaged rate, serious skin breakage, and low mechanical harvest level in imported potato harvester model operations, a small-sized potato harvester suitable for hilly and mountainous areas was designed, which mainly included three-point suspension device, excavating device, exciting separating screen, multi-stage vibration adjusting device, excavating adjusting device, gearbox, transmission device, etc. The parameter determination and type selection design of excavating device and lifting and separating device were carried out according to the specific operation requirements. The excavating shovel was a second-order shovel with an arc transition surface, which enhanced the performance of soil crushing and shearing, and improved soil guiding ability. The resistance model and kinematics model of the excavating device during work were established, and the finite element analysis was performed on the excavating device. Analysis showed that the maximum strain of the excavating shovel was 5.05×10^-8 m·m^-1, the maximum stress was 9 327.7 Pa, and the maximum deformation was 2.98×10^-4 mm. The kinematic model of the potato lifting process was established to analyze the movement forms of the potato-soil mixture, and the quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test was designed with calculated parameter. Based on the response surface analysis of each test index, the main factors affecting exposure rate were operating speed and slope angle of screen surface; the main factors affecting damaged rate were operating speed and slope angle of screen surface; the main factors affecting the breakage rate were the penetration angle and the slope angle of screen surface. The field test showed that, when the operating speed was 1.05 mm·s^-1, the penetration angle was 17°, and the slope angle of screen surface was 15°, the exposture rate was 96.7%, the damaged rate was 1.3%, and the skin breakage rate was 1.5%, which were better than the national standard, and met potato harvesting operation requirements.

Key words: hilly and mountainous areas, potato harvester, potato excavating, finite element analysis, field test

CLC Number:

S223.5

WANG Haiyi, ZHANG Zhaoguo, IBRAHIM Issa, XIE Kaiting, Wael EL-KOLALY, CAO Qinzhou. Design and experiment of small-sized potato harvester suitable for hilly and mountainous areas[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(4): 724-738.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig.1 Structure diagram of potato harvester 1, Three-point suspension device; 2, Gearbox; 3, Supporting wheel; 4, Stiffener; 5, Frame; 6, Main driving wheel; 7, Walking wheel leg; 8, Separation screen; 9, Adjusting device of walking wheel; 10, Walking wheel; 11, Adjusting device of slope angle of surface screen; 12, Transmission device; 13, Excavating adjusting device; 14, Excavating device.

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of transmission principle 1, Tractor power output shaft; 2, Gearbox; 3, Passive transmission device; 4, Lifting and separating device; 5, Tensioning device; 6, Active vibration device; 7, Tension clutch; 8, Main transmission device; 9, Main driving wheel; 10, Tensioning wheel.

Table 1 Main technical parameters of potato harvester

技术参数Technical parameter	数值Value
整机尺寸(长×宽×高)Machine dimensions(length×width×height)/(mm×mm×mm)	2 000×1 100×1 000
整机质量Whole machine mass/kg	375
配套动力Auxiliary power/kW	25~30
连接方式Connection mode	三点悬挂Three-point suspension
收获垄数Number of harvesting ridges	1
作业幅宽Working width/mm	900
适应垄宽Suitable ridge width/mm	≤800
挖掘深度Excavation depth/mm	50~250
纯工作时间生产率Pure working time productivity/(hm²·h^-1)	0.18~0.32
分离筛两相邻杆条中心距Center distance between two adjacent bars of separation screen/mm	46
分离筛杆条直径Bar diameter of separating screen/mm	12

Fig.3 Structure diagram of excavating device a, Main view; b, Axonometric drawing.

Fig.4 Partial structure diagram of lifting separation device 1, Front support wheel; 2, Tension wheel; 3, Active vibration device; 4, Tension clutch; 5, Rear support wheel; 6, Rear tensioning wheel; 7. Separation grid; 8. Main driving wheel.

Fig.5 Structure diagram of active vibration device a, Main view; b, Left view.

Fig.6 Movement analysis of potato soil separation section

Fig.7 Stress analysis chart of soil and digging shove a, Force analysis of soil; b, Force analysis of excavating shovel.

Fig.8 Kinematic model of excavating shovel

Fig.9 Photos of simulation model of digging device a, Meshing; b, Strain nephogram.

Fig.10 Photos of simulation results of digging device a, Nephogram of stress distribution; b, Nephogram of deformation.

Fig.11 Movement track of potato block on the surface of lifting separation screen

Fig.12 Trajectory of potato block dropping in vibration

Fig.13 Trajectory of end throwing of potato

Table 2 Experimental factors codes

编码 Encrypt	试验因素Experimental factors
编码 Encrypt	x_A:作业速度 Operation speed/ (m·s^-1)	x_B:入土角 Penetration angle/(°)	x_C:分离筛倾角 Slope angle of screen surface/(°)
1.682 1 0 -1 -1.682	1.76 1.47 1.05 0.63 0.34	17 14 10 6 3	22 19 15 11 8

Table 3 Experimental scheme and results

序号 No.	试验因素Experimental factors			Y_A:明薯率 Exposure rate/%	Y_B:伤薯率 Damaged rate/%	Y_C:破皮率 Skin breakage rate/%
序号 No.	x_A/(m·s^-1)	x_B/(°)	x_C/(°)	Y_A:明薯率 Exposure rate/%	Y_B:伤薯率 Damaged rate/%	Y_C:破皮率 Skin breakage rate/%
1	0.63	3	11	95.6	1.3	1.7
2	1.47	6	11	92.1	1.6	1.9
3	0.63	14	11	94.2	2.1	2.0
4	1.47	14	11	94.4	1.2	1.5
5	0.63	6	19	96.5	1.5	1.6
6	1.47	6	19	97.7	1.9	1.8
7	0.63	14	19	96.3	1.1	1.2
8	1.47	14	19	95.1	1.8	1.3
9	0.30	10	15	97.2	1.6	1.4
10	1.76	10	15	96.3	1.5	1.7
11	1.05	3	15	96.9	1.8	1.9
12	1.05	17	15	96.7	1.3	1.5
13	1.05	10	8	94.2	2.3	2.1
14	1.05	10	22	96.4	1.6	1.7
15	1.05	10	15	94.5	1.9	1.8
16	1.05	10	15	97.1	1.2	1.3
17	1.05	10	15	96.0	1.3	1.4
18	1.05	10	15	95.8	1.6	1.5
19	1.05	10	15	94.9	1.2	1.7
20	1.05	10	15	96.6	1.6	2.0
21	1.05	10	15	96.2	1.4	2.5
22	1.05	10	15	94.6	1.2	1.6
23	1.05	10	15	95.5	1.6	1.7

Fig.14 Response surface of two factors for exposure rate

Fig.15 Response surface of two factors for damaged potato rate

Fig.16 Response surface of two factors for skin breakage rate

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Design and experiment of small-sized potato harvester suitable for hilly and mountainous areas

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