Investigation and analysis of continuous cropping obstacle and soil environment in large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.07.15

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 1474-1484.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.07.15

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Investigation and analysis of continuous cropping obstacle and soil environment in large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province, China

YAO Yanlai¹(), ZHU Weijing¹, DING Jian², HONG Leidong¹, HONG Chunlai¹, WANG Weiping¹^,^*(), ZHU Fengxiang¹, HE Weike³, HONG Haiqing³

1. Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310020, China
3. Songyang Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Songyang 331124,Zhejiang, China

Received:2021-04-14 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-26
Contact: WANG Weiping

Abstract

Abstract:

Vegetable industry is one of the 10 leading agricultural industries in Zhejiang Province. However, in recent years, soil quality degradation and continuous cropping obstacles in large-scale vegetable bases have become important limiting factors for the green and sustainable development of vegetable industry in Zhejiang. In order to investigate the continuous cropping obstacles and the soil environment of large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province, 65 large-scale vegetable bases in 24 counties (cities, districts) were surveyed. A total of 101 soil samples were collected,and the physiochemical properties were analyzed, and the quantity of pathogens of two typical soil-borne diseases in some samples was also determined. The results showed that the planting years of large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province were relatively long. More than 46.2% of large-scale bases have been planted for more than 10 years. Continuous cropping was common.The average incidence of soil-borne diseases reached 17.82%,the average yield reduction reached 22.12%, and some bases even failed to harvest in some years. The soil degradation of some large-scale vegetable bases was serious. The proportion of soil samples with pH≤5.0 reached 33.7%, and the proportion of soil samples with electrical conductivity>1 000 μS·cm^-1 reached 42.6%. Available nutrients were accumulated in soil. The average soil available P and available K contents reached 184.30 mg·kg^-1 and 387.20 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) correlation between the quantity of Fusarium oxysporum and the content of soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus. Soil acidification, secondary salinization and accumulation of soil available nutrients and pathogens have become the important reasons for the soil quality degradation and the frequent occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles of large-scale vegetable bases. The investigation results could provide basis for the effective control of continuous cropping obstacles of large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province.

Key words: large-scale vegetable bases, continuous cropping obstacle, soil acidification, secondary salinization, soil-borne diseases

CLC Number:

S159

YAO Yanlai, ZHU Weijing, DING Jian, HONG Leidong, HONG Chunlai, WANG Weiping, ZHU Fengxiang, HE Weike, HONG Haiqing. Investigation and analysis of continuous cropping obstacle and soil environment in large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(7): 1474-1484.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Utilization status of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer in basal fertilizer of large-scale vegetable bases

Fig.2 Photos of occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles in large-scale vegetable bases A and B, Occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt and “half madness” disease in Wenzhou; C and D, Occurrence of nematode disease in Taizhou; E and F, Occurrence of melon Fusarium wilt in Quzhou and Ningbo; G, Continuous cropping obstacles of leaf vegetables in Jiaxing; H, Continuous cropping obstacles of watermelon in Ningbo.

Fig.3 Relationship between planting years and soil-borne disease incidence

Fig.4 Soil pH, EC value and contents of organic matter and total nitrogen of samples

Fig.5 Contents of soil available nutrients of samples

Fig.6 Quantity of Fusarium oxysporum and Ralstoniasolanacearum(based on dry weight) in continuous cropping soil of tomato, eggplant or melon

Table 1 Principal component analysis result of soil physiochemical indexes and quantity of Fusarium oxysporum

指标 Index	因子载荷Factor loading
指标 Index	因子1 Factor 1	因子2 Factor 2	因子3 Factor 3
尖孢镰刀菌数量	0.104	0.836	0.272
Quantiy of Fusarium oxysporum
pH	-0.603	-0.342	0.572
EC	0.619	-0.252	0.583
有机质Organic matter	0.812	-0.367	-0.072
全氮Total nitrogen	0.920	-0.248	-0.056
碱解氮Available nitrogen	0.688	0.507	-0.339
有效磷Available phosphorus	0.437	0.577	0.473
速效钾Available potassium	0.845	-0.251	0.109

Table 2 Correlation analysis of soil physiochemical indexes and quantity of Fusarium oxysporum

指标 Index	尖孢镰刀菌数量 Quantity of Fusarium oxysporum	pH	EC	有机质 Organic matter	全氮 Total nitrogen	碱解氮 Available nitrogen	有效磷 Available phosphorus
pH	-0.143
EC	0.002	-0.061
有机质Organic matter	-0.146	-0.328^*	0.415^**
全氮Total nitrogen	-0.120	-0.425^**	0.568^**	0.883^**
碱解氮Available nitrogen	0.375^*	-0.674^**	0.143	0.334^*	0.566
有效磷Available phosphorus	0.473^**	-0.217	0.289	0.132	0.242	0.382^*
速效钾Available potassium	-0.058	-0.383^*	0.606^**	0.717^**	0.738	0.382^*	0.242

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Investigation and analysis of continuous cropping obstacle and soil environment in large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province, China

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