Study on soil water movement and optimal design of furrow-ridge structure in low-lying cold waterlogged fields

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250379

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 1420-1431.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250379

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Study on soil water movement and optimal design of furrow-ridge structure in low-lying cold waterlogged fields

LI Pengcheng¹(), JIANG Xiaohu¹^,²^,^*(), YE Tiejun³, ZHAO Zhihao¹, KANG Zijian¹, GUO Jinpeng¹, WU Mingliang¹^,²

¹ College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
² Hunan Modern Agricultural Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center , Changsha 410128, China
³ Hengdong County Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau , Hengdong 421400, Hunan, China

Received:2025-05-15 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-08-20

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the problem that the high moisture content of cold waterlogged fields in rice-rapeseed rotation areas fails to meet the sowing requirements for winter rapeseed, this study investigated the soil properties of low-lying cold waterlogged fields by measuring parameters such as elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and particle size distribution. The effects of different furrow depths, inclination angle of furrow sidewall, and ridge surface widths on soil water movement characteristics, water loss rate, and furrow depth stability in low-lying cold waterlogged fields were simulated and analyzed using HYDRUS-3D and EDEM software. A quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test was conducted with water loss rate and furrow depth stability as evaluation indices, and second-order regression equations of each factor on the evaluation indices were obtained. The effects of interactions on water loss rate and furrow depth stability were analyzed by response surface methodology. Finally, parameter optimization was performed through weight allocation combined with the regression equations, and the optimal factor combination was obtained as follows: furrow depth of 30 cm, inclination angle of furrow sidewall of 60°, and ridge surface width of 140 cm. Under these conditions, the water loss rate was 36.66%. Field verification experiments were conducted using the optimized ridge-furrow structure and ridge surface width. The root mean square error between the measured and simulated values of water loss rate was 0.023 1, and the coefficient of determination was 0.970 3. The relative error between the simulated and measured values of furrow depth was 2.66%, and the furrow depth stability coefficient measured in the field experiment was 89.74%, indicating that the optimal parameters had good furrow shape retention capacity. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the design of ridge-furrow structure in low-lying cold waterlogged fields.

Key words: low-lying cold waterlogged field, numerical simulation, rapeseed sowing, water movement

CLC Number:

S152.7

LI Pengcheng, JIANG Xiaohu, YE Tiejun, ZHAO Zhihao, KANG Zijian, GUO Jinpeng, WU Mingliang. Study on soil water movement and optimal design of furrow-ridge structure in low-lying cold waterlogged fields[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(7): 1420-1431.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of oilseed rape planting furrow-ridge d, Furrow width, b, Furrow depth; β, Inclination angle of furrow sidewall; d1, Furrow base width; w, Ridge surface width.

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of simulation area and boundary conditions x is the horizontal distance.

Fig.3 Simulated furrow-ridge model

Fig.4 Photos of field experiment a, Rotary tilling, furrowing, and ridge formation; b, Diagram of a trencher; c, Schematic diagram of moisture sensor location. 1-8 in panel b show plow tail wing, trapezoidal connecting plate, base plate, plow center wing, triangular connecting plate, soil-breaking surface, reinforcing rib and plow column in sequence. 1-6 in panel c show 6 sensors.

Fig.5 Spatial distribution of soil volumetric water content

Table 1 Water loss rate under different conditions

试验因素 Test factor	设定值 Setting value	失水率/% Water loss rate/%
开沟深度/cm	20	40.97
Furrow depth/cm	25	40.90
	30	41.32
	35	39.40
沟壁倾角/(°)	30	42.69
Inclination angle of	40	42.25
furrow sidewall/(°)	50	41.32
	60	40.34
厢面宽度/cm	120	41.53
Ridge surface width/cm	140	43.83
	160	42.88
	180	42.70

Fig.6 Vector diagram of moisture transport with different ridge surface widths

Fig.7 Stress distribution of soil under disturbance by furrow opener

Table 2 Experimental design and results

编号 No.	开沟深度/cm Furrow depth/cm	沟壁倾角/(°) Inclination angle of furrow sidewall/(°)	厢面宽度/cm Ridge surface width/cm	失水率/% Water loss rate/%	沟深稳定性系数/% Furrow depth stability coefficient/%
1	30	40	180	37.904 2	94.510 0
2	30	40	140	39.391 7	91.673 3
3	30	50	160	37.537 5	88.400 0
4	30	50	160	37.616 7	83.162 9
5	35	40	160	37.508 3	84.020 0
6	30	60	160	38.820 8	97.226 7
7	25	50	160	37.250 0	87.772 0
8	30	50	140	37.279 2	90.190 0
9	25	50	180	37.375 0	88.388 0
10	35	40	160	37.358 3	86.860 0
11	25	50	160	37.320 8	86.904 0
12	30	50	140	36.687 5	89.553 3
13	25	50	180	36.683 3	87.784 0
14	35	60	140	35.220 8	86.508 6
15	30	50	160	35.158 3	86.273 3
16	35	60	180	36.450 0	85.145 7
17	30	60	160	36.312 5	96.666 7

Fig.8 Interactive effects of various factors on water loss rate

Fig.9 Effect of trench depth and channel wall inclination angle on channel stability coefficient

Fig.10 Comparison of simulated and measured values of water loss rate

Fig.11 Verification of furrow depth stability

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Study on soil water movement and optimal design of furrow-ridge structure in low-lying cold waterlogged fields

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