Flower bud differentiation and fruit development of three olive cultivars

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.05.02

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 887-896.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.05.02

• Crop Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Flower bud differentiation and fruit development of three olive cultivars

NIU Erli¹(), PEI Hongbin², DING Jian³, ZHU Shenlong¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China
3. Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2021-08-19 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-06
Contact: ZHU Shenlong

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the growth and development of olive (Olea europaea. L) in the environment of acidic soil and rainy summer,and provide a scientific reference for further cultivation management according to the local condition, three prior cultivars Arbequina, Koroneiki and Nichiskii I in sourthern China were tested to compare the differences of flower bud differentiation, phenological period, inflorescence characteristics, fruit weight and oil content. The results showed that flower bud differentiation of three cultivars all started in early March. The initial blooming phase of Arbequina and Nichiskii I started on May 3^th with the blooming duration of 10 and 6 days, respectively. The initial blooming phase of Koroneiki started on May 4^th with the blooming duration of 11 days. The average inflorescence length of Arbequina, Nichiskii Ⅰ and Koroneiki were 2.5, 2.5 and 2.9 cm, flower number per inflorescence were 16.3, 14.9 and 17.9, respectively. The order of fruit turning color stage was the same with the mature period, followed by Nichiskii Ⅰ, Arbequina and Koroneiki. Both fruit weight and oil content increased over time with different growth rates. Fruit weight was mainly increased in early stage, and oil content was mainly increased in late stage. By October 24^th, the fruit maturity reached M5 (Nichiskii Ⅰ and Arbequina) and M4 (Koroneiki), the fruit weight and oil content of each cultivar were 3.40 g and 13.05% (Nichiskii I), 1.15 g and 14.31% (Arbequina), 0.77 g and 12.31% (Koroneiki). In summary, the flowering periods of three cultivars were relatively consistent. Koroneiki had a large amount of flowers and a long flowering period, and could be used as a pollination cultivar. During the growth and development of fruit, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened in the early stage to ensure a good nutrient level of trees and lay a material foundation for oil accumulation in the later stage. Meanwhile, timely drainage should be taken during the rainy season.

Key words: olive (Olea europaea. L), flower bud differentiation, phenological period, fruit weight, oil content

CLC Number:

S565.7

NIU Erli, PEI Hongbin, DING Jian, ZHU Shenlong. Flower bud differentiation and fruit development of three olive cultivars[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(5): 887-896.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Microstructure of flower bud differentiation for Arbequina ap.m, Apical meristem; ax.m, Axillary meristem; br, Brakte leaf; sp, Sepal; pt, Petal; st, Stamen; pi, Pistil; an, Anther; p, Pollen; s, Stigma; sy, Style; o, Ovary; ov, Ovule. Bar=500 μm. The same as below.

Fig.2 Microstructure of flower bud differentiation for Koroneiki

Fig.3 Microstructure of flower bud differentiation for Nikitskii Ⅰ

Fig.4 Characteristics of leaf buds (A), flower buds (B) and inflorescence (C, D) of olive ap.b, Apical bud; ax.b, Axillary bud.

Table 1 Phenological period and inflorescence of different olive cultivars

品种 Cultivar	初花期(月-日) Initial blooming phase/(month-date)	花期时长 Blooming duration/d	花序特征 Inflorescence trait
品种 Cultivar	初花期(月-日) Initial blooming phase/(month-date)	花期时长 Blooming duration/d	长度 Length/cm	平均长度 Average length/cm	小花数量 Flower number per inflorescence	平均小花数量 Average flower Number per inflorescence
豆果Arbequina	05-03	10	0.4~4.2	2.5	4~29	16.3
柯基Koroneiki	05-04	11	1.4~3.8	2.9	13~26	17.9
尼ⅠNikitskii I	05-03	6	1.4~4.0	2.5	9~22	14.9

Fig.5 Changes of fruit weight and oil content of different olive varieties in different periods S1-S6 represented six different periods, namely Aug 15th, Aug 29th, Sep 12th, Sep 26th, Oct 10th and Oct 24th.

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Flower bud differentiation and fruit development of three olive cultivars

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