Simulation and experiment on pelleting coating performance of Codonopsis pilosula seeds

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241088

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12): 2615-2624.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241088

• Biosystems Engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles

Simulation and experiment on pelleting coating performance of Codonopsis pilosula seeds

ZHU Gaoshuo¹(), GAO Aimin¹^,^*(), LI Baicheng², LIU Kangkang¹

1. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. National Seed Processing Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2024-12-13 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2026-01-09

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of pelleting coating process parameters on the coating quality of ellipsoidal small Codonopsis pilosula seeds and improve their coating qualification rate, this study analyzed the contact process between seeds and coating pan using particle contact theory to determine the basic parameters of both components. A discrete element method (DEM) simulation model was established in EDEM software to simulate the interaction dynamics. Single-factor experiments were conducted to evaluate the influences of coating pan rotational speed, coating pan inclination angle, and water-powder ratio on coating qualification rate and coefficient of variation. Orthogonal experimental design was employed to develop a mathematical regression model with coating qualification rate as the response parameter. The primary and secondary factors affecting coating quality were indentified via analysis of variance (ANOVA), while interactions of factors were explored by response surface methodology (RSM). Results indicated that the influence of factors descended in the order as coating pan incination angle>coating pan rotational speed>water-powder ratio. The optimal parameters were determined based on the constructed regression model as coating pan rotational speed of 30.7 r·min^-1, coating pan incination angle of 40.7°, and water-powder ratio of 0.85, achieving a coating qualification rate above 93%.

Key words: Codonopsis pilosula seeds, coating machine, pelletizing, small seed

CLC Number:

S223.12

ZHU Gaoshuo, GAO Aimin, LI Baicheng, LIU Kangkang. Simulation and experiment on pelleting coating performance of Codonopsis pilosula seeds[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(12): 2615-2624.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Schematic diagram and physical diagram of the structure of seed pelleting and coating machine 1, Solution bottle; 2, Solution control valve; 3, Metering device; 4, Coating pot; 5, Conduit; 6, Control system; 7, Air pressure pump; 8, Spray nozzle bracket; 9, Atomizing spray nozzle; 10, Angle adjustment device; 11, Work platform; 12, Lifting device; 13, Support frame.

Fig.2 Photos of Codonopsis pilosula seed

Fig.3 Force analysis diagram of seeds Fn is the normal contact force between seeds; Ft is the tangential contact force between seeds; Ff is the friction force between seeds and the coating pan; FN is the supporting force; Fc is the centrifugal force; Fg is the gravity; ω is the angular velocity of the coating pan.

Fig.4 Simulation model diagram of Codonopsis pilosula seeds (top) and coating pan (bottom)

Table 1 Setting values of simulation parameters

指标 Indicator	种子-种子 Seed-seed	种子-粉料 Seed-powder	粉料-粉料 Powder-powder	种子-锅体 Seed-pot	粉料-锅体 Powder-pot
恢复系数Coefficient of restitution	0.25	0.15	0.18	0.35	0.68
静摩擦系数Coefficient of static friction	0.41	0.58	0.81	0.62	0.45
滚动摩擦系数Coefficient of rolling friction	0.01	0.05	0.05	0.01	0.15

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the dynamics of the number of seed-contacting particles

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of seed and powder mixing effect in the middle stage (top) and late stage (bottom) of coating process

Fig.7 Influence of coating pan rotational speed on coating effect

Fig.8 Influence of coating pan inclination angle on coating effect

Fig.9 Influence of water-powder ratio on coating effect

Table 2 Setting values of factors under different coding levels

编码水平 Coding level	各因素的设定值Setting values of factors
编码水平 Coding level	A/(r·min^-1)	B/(°)	C
-1	25	30	0.80
0	30	35	0.85
1	35	40	0.90

Table 3 Scheme and results of orthogonal test

试验序号 Test No.	A/(r·min^-1)	B/(°)	C	Y/%
1	35	40	0.80	85.4
2	30	40	0.85	93.7
3	25	45	0.85	80.1
4	25	35	0.85	67.5
5	30	40	0.85	91.7
6	25	40	0.80	76.8
7	30	35	0.80	68.3
8	30	35	0.90	80.8
9	30	40	0.85	93.6
10	25	40	0.90	83.3
11	35	35	0.85	76.3
12	35	40	0.90	82.1
13	30	40	0.85	93.5
14	30	40	0.85	94.7
15	30	45	0.90	78.6
16	30	45	0.80	80.9
17	35	45	0.85	81.2

Fig.10 Response surface of interaction of factors on coating qualification rate

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Simulation and experiment on pelleting coating performance of Codonopsis pilosula seeds

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