Effects of fertilization ratio and irrigation level on growth characteristics and incidence rate of Panax notoginseng

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.08.10

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1426-1435.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.08.10

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of fertilization ratio and irrigation level on growth characteristics and incidence rate of Panax notoginseng

LIU Yanwei(), ZHOU Xiao, YANG Qiliang^*(), CHA Pinyuan

Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China

Received:2020-10-20 Online:2021-08-25 Published:2021-08-27
Contact: YANG Qiliang

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the irrigation and fertilization mode which was conducive to the growth and development of Panax notoginseng and reduce the incidence of disease. Taking 3-year-old P. notoginseng as material, the field experiment was adopted, and the experiment set a total of three irrigation levels: W1 (low water, 0.5FC, FC was field water holding capacity), W2 (medium water, 0.7FC), W3 (high water, 0.9FC), and four fertilization levels: F1, F2, F3, F4, the annual fertilization amount was 96 kg·667m^-2, the fertilization ratios of root weight gaining stage: seedling stage: flowering stage: fruiting stage were 25%∶25%∶25%∶25%, 20%∶25%∶30%∶25%, 15%∶30%∶30%∶25% and 10%∶40%∶20%∶30%, respectively. Effects of different fertilizer rates during the growth period and irrigation coupling on the growth characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and incidence of P. notoginseng were analyzed. The results showed that fresh weight and dry weight of the above-ground part, fresh weight and dry weight of roots, plant height and stem thickness in the seedling and fruiting stages in W2F4 treatment were the largest. The largest increase in stem thickness was W1F3 and W2F3 treatments, and the largest increase in plant height was W2F3 and W2F4 treatments. Net photosynthetic rate (P_n), leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) and light energy use efficiency in the flowering stage of P. notoginseng were higher than those in the fruiting stage. W2F4 and W2F3 treatments had low incidence in June, July and August. In summary, it could be seen that proper water stress and fertilizer increase in seedling and fruit stage were beneficial to increase the yield of Panax notoginseng and reduce the incidence of disease.

Key words: Panax notoginseng, water and fertilizer coupling, root structure, dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics, morbidity

CLC Number:

S567.23⁺6

LIU Yanwei, ZHOU Xiao, YANG Qiliang, CHA Pinyuan. Effects of fertilization ratio and irrigation level on growth characteristics and incidence rate of Panax notoginseng[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(8): 1426-1435.

Figures/Tables 8

References 25

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处理 Treatment		茎粗Diameter		株高Height
处理 Treatment		苗期(3月) Seedling stage (March)	果期(11月) Fruiting stage (November)	苗期(3月) Seedling stage (March)	果期(11月) Fruiting stage (November)
F1	W1	4.30±0.04 de	5.02±0.43 cd	195.91±5.94 abc	231.35±10.51 d
	W2	4.17±0.04 ef	4.50±0.07 f	199.71±4.94 abc	214.98±11.3b4 ef
	W3	4.88±0.07 ab	5.11±0.17 cd	195.37±15.10 abc	261.77±5.47 c
F2	W1	4.35±0.23 de	5.40±0.31 bc	175.83±4.73 d	208.38±8.88 f
	W2	4.72±0.23 bc	4.97±0.24 de	203.18±3.50 ab	243.64±6.26 d
	W3	4.63±0.08 bc	5.03±0.15 cd	196.27±6.54 abc	238.85±11.56 d
F3	W1	3.50±0.11 g	4.60±0.23 ef	192.27±2.29 bc	241.35±3.75 d
	W2	3.98±0.14 f	5.15±0.06 cd	193.84±19.76 abc	292.67±5.44 b
	W3	4.53±0.16 cd	5.63±0.25 ab	184.65±3.30 cd	261.07±15.20 c
F4	W1	4.04±0.13 f	4.95±0.09 ed	184.43±5.39 cd	229.89±9.86 de
	W2	5.00±0.06 a	5.87±0.25 a	209.73±11.14 a	308.87±7.19 a
	W3	4.82±0.21 ab	4.99±0.11 cde	188.59±1.49 bcd	239.46±6.36 d

处理 Treatment		茎粗Diameter		株高Height
处理 Treatment		苗期(3月) Seedling stage (March)	果期(11月) Fruiting stage (November)	苗期(3月) Seedling stage (March)	果期(11月) Fruiting stage (November)
F1	W1	4.30±0.04 de	5.02±0.43 cd	195.91±5.94 abc	231.35±10.51 d
	W2	4.17±0.04 ef	4.50±0.07 f	199.71±4.94 abc	214.98±11.3b4 ef
	W3	4.88±0.07 ab	5.11±0.17 cd	195.37±15.10 abc	261.77±5.47 c
F2	W1	4.35±0.23 de	5.40±0.31 bc	175.83±4.73 d	208.38±8.88 f
	W2	4.72±0.23 bc	4.97±0.24 de	203.18±3.50 ab	243.64±6.26 d
	W3	4.63±0.08 bc	5.03±0.15 cd	196.27±6.54 abc	238.85±11.56 d
F3	W1	3.50±0.11 g	4.60±0.23 ef	192.27±2.29 bc	241.35±3.75 d
	W2	3.98±0.14 f	5.15±0.06 cd	193.84±19.76 abc	292.67±5.44 b
	W3	4.53±0.16 cd	5.63±0.25 ab	184.65±3.30 cd	261.07±15.20 c
F4	W1	4.04±0.13 f	4.95±0.09 ed	184.43±5.39 cd	229.89±9.86 de
	W2	5.00±0.06 a	5.87±0.25 a	209.73±11.14 a	308.87±7.19 a
	W3	4.82±0.21 ab	4.99±0.11 cde	188.59±1.49 bcd	239.46±6.36 d

肥 Fertilizer	水 Water	地上部分鲜重 Fresh weight of overground part	地上部分干重 Dry weight of overground part	根鲜重 Fresh root weight	根干重 Dry root weight
F1	W1	7.88±0.44 cd	1.99±0.21 abc	17.37±1.72 abc	4.12±0.90 c
	W2	7.49±0.99 d	1.59±0.30 cd	15.08±0.22 bc	4.71±0.74 bc
	W3	9.29±0.25 bcd	2.15±0.17 ab	15.91±3.47 bc	5.49±0.18 abc
F2	W1	9.80±0.36 bc	1.88±0.18 bcd	19.11±1.52 ab	4.88±0.16 bc
	W2	9.94±1.77 bc	1.90±0.14 bcd	17.51±0.76 abc	5.46±0.71 abc
	W3	8.06±0.83 cd	1.69±0.26 bcd	20.45±1.17 a	5.98±0.36 ab
F3	W1	10.70±1.18 ab	1.42±0.37 d	18.92±1.99 ab	5.92±0.69 ab
	W2	10.08±1.11 bc	2.38±0.09 a	15.78±3.79 bc	6.07±0.21 ab
	W3	9.93±0.78 bc	2.11±0.13 ab	14.64±3.30 c	6.03±1.72 ab
F4	W1	7.60±1.20 d	1.44±0.06 d	18.37±1.88 abc	5.92±0.37 ab
	W2	12.62±1.81 a	2.47±0.41 a	20.61±1.88 a	6.84±0.84 a
	W3	10.05±1.71 bc	2.42±0.41 a	15.90±1.17 bc	6.48±0.32 a

肥 Fertilizer	水 Water	地上部分鲜重 Fresh weight of overground part	地上部分干重 Dry weight of overground part	根鲜重 Fresh root weight	根干重 Dry root weight
F1	W1	7.88±0.44 cd	1.99±0.21 abc	17.37±1.72 abc	4.12±0.90 c
	W2	7.49±0.99 d	1.59±0.30 cd	15.08±0.22 bc	4.71±0.74 bc
	W3	9.29±0.25 bcd	2.15±0.17 ab	15.91±3.47 bc	5.49±0.18 abc
F2	W1	9.80±0.36 bc	1.88±0.18 bcd	19.11±1.52 ab	4.88±0.16 bc
	W2	9.94±1.77 bc	1.90±0.14 bcd	17.51±0.76 abc	5.46±0.71 abc
	W3	8.06±0.83 cd	1.69±0.26 bcd	20.45±1.17 a	5.98±0.36 ab
F3	W1	10.70±1.18 ab	1.42±0.37 d	18.92±1.99 ab	5.92±0.69 ab
	W2	10.08±1.11 bc	2.38±0.09 a	15.78±3.79 bc	6.07±0.21 ab
	W3	9.93±0.78 bc	2.11±0.13 ab	14.64±3.30 c	6.03±1.72 ab
F4	W1	7.60±1.20 d	1.44±0.06 d	18.37±1.88 abc	5.92±0.37 ab
	W2	12.62±1.81 a	2.47±0.41 a	20.61±1.88 a	6.84±0.84 a
	W3	10.05±1.71 bc	2.42±0.41 a	15.90±1.17 bc	6.48±0.32 a

各单因子及其耦合 Each single factor and their coupling	显著性分析Significance analysis
各单因子及其耦合 Each single factor and their coupling	地上部分鲜重 Fresh weight of overground part	地上部分干重 Dry weight of overground part	根鲜重 Fresh weight of root	根干重 Dry weight of root
水W	1.116	4.660^*	1.335	2.246
肥F	2.981^*	0.736	2.935^*	7.703^**
水肥耦合W×F	5.029^**	6.188^**	2.699^**	3.301^**

Effects of fertilization ratio and irrigation level on growth characteristics and incidence rate of Panax notoginseng

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处理 Treatment	灌溉量 Irregation	生育期施肥比例Fertilization ratio during growth period/%
处理 Treatment	灌溉量 Irregation	根增重期(12—次年2月) Root weight gaining stage (December to February)	苗期(3—5月) Seedling stage (March to May)	花期(6—8月) Flowering stage (June to August)	果期(9—11月) Fruiting stage (September to November)
W1F1	0.5FC	25	25	25	25
W2F1	0.7FC	25	25	25	25
W3F1	0.9FC	25	25	25	25
W1F2	0.5FC	20	25	30	25
W2F2	0.7FC	20	25	30	25
W3F2	0.9FC	20	25	30	25
W1F3	0.5FC	15	30	30	25
W2F3	0.7FC	15	30	30	25
W3F3	0.9FC	15	30	30	25
W1F4	0.5FC	10	40	20	30
W2F4	0.7FC	10	40	20	30
W3F4	0.9FC	10	40	20	30

处理 Treatment		净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate/(μmol· m^-2s^-1)		气孔导度 Stomatal conductance/ (mol·m^-2s^-1)		蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate/(mmol· m^-2s^-1)		叶片瞬时水分利用效率 Leaf instantaneous water use efficiency/ (μmol·mmol^-1)		光能利用效率 Light energy utilization efficiency/(μmol· μmol^-1)
肥	水	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30
Fertilizer	Water
F1	W1	3.33 efg	2.80 f	0.009 cd	0.027 cd	0.16 cde	0.59 c	26.98 bc	4.90 de	33.64 cde	30.88 ab
	W2	2.93 h	3.31 cde	0.010 bc	0.031 bc	0.20 cd	0.73 b	14.96 de	4.54 e	36.06 cde	38.02 ab
	W3	3.15 gh	3.76 ab	0.010 bc	0.032 b	0.20 cd	0.75 b	15.91 cde	5.01 de	32.05 cde	39.93 ab
F2	W1	3.48 def	3.48 bcd	0.012 bc	0.042 a	0.23 bc	0.88 a	15.59 cde	3.60 e	48.02abcd	38.34 a
	W2	3.33 efg	3.17 de	0.005 de	0.020 e	0.09 f	0.46 d	39.17 a	6.91 b	60.69 ab	31.16 ab
	W3	4.14 a	2.86 f	0.002 e	0.028 bc	0.11 ef	0.63 c	44.88 a	4.85 de	41.90bcde	46.34 a
F3	W1	3.94 b	3.04 ef	0.001 e	0.027 bcd	0.11 ef	0.56 c	41.36 a	5.57 cd	48.47abcd	43.01 ab
	W2	3.74 b	3.87 a	0.001 e	0.029 bc	0.11 ef	0.56 c	35.36 ab	6.90 b	47.61abcd	24.98 b
	W3	3.56 cde	3.39 cd	0.005 de	0.020 e	0.15 ef	0.43 d	26.58 bcd	7.87 a	51.40 abc	45.36 a
F4	W1	3.14 gh	3.21 de	0.014 b	0.023 de	0.27 a	0.47 d	12.11 e	6.80 b	64.17 a	29.26 ab
	W2	3.30 fg	3.03 ef	0.020 a	0.022 e	0.35 a	0.46 d	10.89 e	6.76 b	27.62 de	33.67 ab
	W3	3.60 cd	3.56 bc	0.012 bc	0.027 cd	0.23 bc	0.58 c	16.94 cde	6.27 b	21.09 e	35.50 ab

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[2]	TANG Hong, HUANG Tao, LIU Wei, HUANG Chengqian, HUANG Wentao, ZHENG Shuoli, CHEN Baibing. Comparative study on photosynthetic characteristics of 4 varieties of Malus sp. [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(5): 846-854.
[3]	CHEN Xiuxia, CHI Hongshu, XU Binfu, XIE Anhua, FANG Donglan, GONG Hui. Effects of oral Panax notoginseng saponins on immunity of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(4): 610-617.
[4]	SUN Dezhi, YANG Hengshan, ZHANG Qingguo, FAN Fu, Suyale qiqige, PENG Jing, HAN Xiaori. Alleviating effect of exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside on tomato seedlings under salt stress [J]. , 2019, 31(8): 1286-1294.
[5]	YANG Yana, FAN Xiaoxue, XU Gang, ZHANG Yu, LI Yaling, WEN Xiangzhen. Effects of different red and blue LED light intensity and irrigation and their interactions on growth of tomato seedlings [J]. , 2019, 31(5): 737-745.
[6]	CHANG Wenwen, LIU Jili, WU Na, ZHANG Yongqian, HE Haifeng. Comparative study on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different switchgrass varieties in saline-alkali land of northwest China [J]. , 2019, 31(10): 1647-1654.
[7]	GUO Yanhong, ZHANG Jingxing, YANG Yongjuan, CHEN Juntong, SUN Ming, LIAO Jing. Response of six germplasms of Chrysanthemum and related genera to drought stress [J]. , 2018, 30(8): 1349-1354.
[8]	WANG Hong, WANG Ying, YAN Jun, ZHU Weimin. Effect of different combinations of red and blue light on seedling growth and photosynthesis of Cucumis sativus [J]. , 2018, 30(11): 1879-1885.
[9]	HOU Wei, MA Xu-hui, ZHANG Hao-yue, Chen Qi-yang, ZHANG Yong. Effects of shading on photosystem Ⅱ activity and antioxidant system of Rosa hybrida leaves in summer [J]. , 2016, 28(9): 1530-1537.
[10]	PU Tian， ZHANG Qun， CHEN Guopeng， CHEN Cheng， ZENG Hong， PENG Xiao， YANG Wenyu， WANG Xiaochun*. Effects of row spacing on yield， dry matter accumulation and partitioning of maize in maizesoybean relay strip intercropping system [J]. , 2016, 28(8): 1277-.
[11]	XUE Yang1，2， JING Yuanshu1，2，*， TAN Mengxiang1，2. Effect of potassium fertilizer on physiological characteristics and yield of late rice [J]. , 2016, 28(6): 901-.
[12]	LI Zhixin1，2， LI Xin1，， HAN Wenyan1，. Physiology mechanism of exogenous 24epibrassinolideinduced heat resistance in tea plants（Camellia sinensis L.） [J]. , 2016, 28(6): 959-.
[13]	LIAO Ling1， CAO Shuyan1， RONG Yi1，GU Xianjie1， LI Qingnan1， YE Shuang1， QIU Xia1， WANG Zhihui1，2，*. Effects of different rootstocks on photosynthetic characteristics， activities and gene expression of key enzymes of photosynthesis in Huangguogan [J]. , 2016, 28(5): 769-.
[14]	WANG Mingyou， ZHANG Hong， LI Shiping， JING Dawei. Responses of photosynthetic characteristics and growth of watermelon at the initial fructicative period to nitrogen deficiency in different degree [J]. , 2016, 28(3): 457-.
[15]	ZHAO Xiao-xia, HE Wen-shou, ZHANG Feng-ju, CAO Zhe, DANG Ke-ke, YU Xiao-hong, CHEN Tian-xiang. Effect of fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of sunflower on alkaline soil [J]. , 2016, 28(10): 1755-1763.

处理 Treatment		净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate/(μmol· m^-2s^-1)		气孔导度 Stomatal conductance/ (mol·m^-2s^-1)		蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate/(mmol· m^-2s^-1)		叶片瞬时水分利用效率 Leaf instantaneous water use efficiency/ (μmol·mmol^-1)		光能利用效率 Light energy utilization efficiency/(μmol· μmol^-1)
肥	水	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30
Fertilizer	Water
F1	W1	0.51 f	0.71 bc	0.018 abc	0.019 abc	0.69 abcd	0.56 ab	0.84 d	1.28 b	3.46 c	11.15 a
	W2	0.78 d	0.45 cd	0.022 b	0.013 c	0.85 ab	0.37 b	1.04 cd	1.13 b	10.72 bc	18.91 a
	W3	0.85 cd	0.59 bcd	0.014 cde	0.023 a	0.59 bcde	0.70 a	1.87 ab	0.76 cd	20.97 bc	5.66 a
F2	W1	0.66 e	0.37 d	0.016 bcd	0.016 bc	0.67 abcd	0.49 ab	1.20 cd	0.75 cd	13.53 bc	3.10 a
	W2	0.93 bc	0.50 bcd	0.018 abc	0.017 abc	0.69 abcd	0.48 ab	1.48 bc	1.05 bc	12.82 bc	15.02 a
	W3	0.96 b	0.58 bcd	0.018 abc	0.020 ab	0.76 abc	0.59 ab	1.39 bc	0.99 bcd	19.57 bc	31.63 a
F3	W1	0.86 cd	0.74 b	0.015 cde	0.021 ab	0.51 bcd	0.66 a	1.81 ab	1.20 b	9.44 bc	17.51 a
	W2	0.94 bc	0.49 bcd	0.016 cd	0.019 abc	0.64 abcd	0.52 ab	1.55 bc	0.97 bcd	39.47 a	8.18 a
	W3	0.92 bc	0.45 cd	0.022 a	0.021 ab	0.89 a	0.62 a	1.08 cd	0.72 d	16.48 bc	6.50 a
F4	W1	0.77 d	0.61 bcd	0.009 e	0.019 ab	0.41 e	0.59 ab	2.25 a	1.06 bc	16.60 bc	6.46 a
	W2	1.08 a	1.07 a	0.019 abc	0.019 ab	0.78 ab	0.60 a	1.52 bc	1.85 a	25.48 ab	28.02 a
	W3	0.64 e	0.41 d	0.011 de	0.019 abc	0.42 de	0.57 ab	1.52 bc	0.79 d	11.85 bc	6.04 a

处理 Treatment		净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate/(μmol· m^-2s^-1)		气孔导度 Stomatal conductance/ (mol·m^-2s^-1)		蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate/(mmol· m^-2s^-1)		叶片瞬时水分利用效率 Leaf instantaneous water use efficiency/ (μmol·mmol^-1)		光能利用效率 Light energy utilization efficiency/(μmol· μmol^-1)
肥	水	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30	11:00	14:30
Fertilizer	Water
F1	W1	0.51 f	0.71 bc	0.018 abc	0.019 abc	0.69 abcd	0.56 ab	0.84 d	1.28 b	3.46 c	11.15 a
	W2	0.78 d	0.45 cd	0.022 b	0.013 c	0.85 ab	0.37 b	1.04 cd	1.13 b	10.72 bc	18.91 a
	W3	0.85 cd	0.59 bcd	0.014 cde	0.023 a	0.59 bcde	0.70 a	1.87 ab	0.76 cd	20.97 bc	5.66 a
F2	W1	0.66 e	0.37 d	0.016 bcd	0.016 bc	0.67 abcd	0.49 ab	1.20 cd	0.75 cd	13.53 bc	3.10 a
	W2	0.93 bc	0.50 bcd	0.018 abc	0.017 abc	0.69 abcd	0.48 ab	1.48 bc	1.05 bc	12.82 bc	15.02 a
	W3	0.96 b	0.58 bcd	0.018 abc	0.020 ab	0.76 abc	0.59 ab	1.39 bc	0.99 bcd	19.57 bc	31.63 a
F3	W1	0.86 cd	0.74 b	0.015 cde	0.021 ab	0.51 bcd	0.66 a	1.81 ab	1.20 b	9.44 bc	17.51 a
	W2	0.94 bc	0.49 bcd	0.016 cd	0.019 abc	0.64 abcd	0.52 ab	1.55 bc	0.97 bcd	39.47 a	8.18 a
	W3	0.92 bc	0.45 cd	0.022 a	0.021 ab	0.89 a	0.62 a	1.08 cd	0.72 d	16.48 bc	6.50 a
F4	W1	0.77 d	0.61 bcd	0.009 e	0.019 ab	0.41 e	0.59 ab	2.25 a	1.06 bc	16.60 bc	6.46 a
	W2	1.08 a	1.07 a	0.019 abc	0.019 ab	0.78 ab	0.60 a	1.52 bc	1.85 a	25.48 ab	28.02 a
	W3	0.64 e	0.41 d	0.011 de	0.019 abc	0.42 de	0.57 ab	1.52 bc	0.79 d	11.85 bc	6.04 a