Analysis for accumulation of norisoprenoids and changes of metabolic enzyme activities of Chardonnay grape berries

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.20

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 931-941.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.20

• Food Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Analysis for accumulation of norisoprenoids and changes of metabolic enzyme activities of Chardonnay grape berries

ZHANG Zhen¹(), CUI Yuanyuan¹, CHEN Chunxia¹, FENG Lidan¹, ZHAO Yong², LI Jixin¹, BA Lingzhen¹, KONG Xiangjin¹, ZHANG Yu¹, JIANG Yumei¹^,^*()

1. Gansu Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Research and Development Center of Wine Industry in Gansu Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Ecological Agricultural Demonstration Plantation Area of Gansu Mogao Industrial Development Limited Company, Wuwei 733006, Gansu, China

Received:2022-02-21 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-05-05

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to determine the pattern of production and accumulation for norisoprenoids of Chardonnay grape berries, samples were collected every 2 weeks from young grapes (10 days after flowering) to maturity (80 days after flowering) in two consecutive production seasons in 2020 and 2021. The titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, 100-grain weight, total carotenoids, norisoprenoids and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) enzyme activity were measured, and their change pattern were analyzed during the growth, and the correlation among carotenoids, CCD enzyme activity and norisoprenoids was discussed. The results showed that 6 norisoprenoids were determined during the growth. The total content of norisoprenoids showed an upward trend with the fruit ripened. CCD enzyme activity tended to increase in young fruits (10-38 days after flowering), to decrease in veraison (38-52 days after flowering), and to increase in fruits ripening stage (52-80 days after flowering). The total carotenoid content showed an overall decreasing trend, but there was a small accumulation peak before or after the veraison. The correlation analysis showed that CCD enzyme activity was negatively correlated with total carotenoid content, and positively correlated with free and bound α-ionone, β-ionone, β-damascenone, free geranylacetone, and bound 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one. Comparison of samples from different production seasons found that the climate of the production season had an effect on the physicochemical index, total carotenoid content, CCD enzyme activity and the content of norisoprenoids in the berries.

Key words: Chardonnay grape, carotenoids, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), norisoprenoid

CLC Number:

S663.1

ZHANG Zhen, CUI Yuanyuan, CHEN Chunxia, FENG Lidan, ZHAO Yong, LI Jixin, BA Lingzhen, KONG Xiangjin, ZHANG Yu, JIANG Yumei. Analysis for accumulation of norisoprenoids and changes of metabolic enzyme activities of Chardonnay grape berries[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(4): 931-941.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1 Standard curve equation of norisoprenoids

香气物质名称 Aroma substance name	标准曲线方程 Standard curve equation	R²
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-Methylhept-5-en-2-one	Y=9×10^-7X-0.531 3	0.990 3
α-紫罗兰酮 α-Ionone	Y=4×10^-7X-0.116 9	0.991 7
β-紫罗兰酮 β-Ionone	Y=1×10^-6X-0.796 2	0.988 5
β-环柠檬醛 β-Cyclocitral	Y=5×10^-7X-0.230 3	0.996 1
β-大马士酮 β-Damascenone	Y=4×10^-7X-0.118 1	0.993 8
香叶基丙酮 Geranylacetone	Y=2×10^-6X-0.077 4	0.995 9

Fig.1 Changes of physical and chemical indexes during development of Chardonnay grape berries A, Titratable acid content; B, pH; C, Soluble solids content; D, 100-grain weight. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different periods in 2020 (P<0.05); different capital letters indicate significant differences between different periods in 2021 (P<0.05). The same as below.

Fig.2 Changes of total carotenoid content during development of Chardonnay grape berries

Fig.3 Changes of CCD activity during development of Chardonnay grape berries A, CCD activity in 2020; B, CCD activity in 2021.

Fig.4 Changes of norisoprenoids during development of Chardonnay grape berries A, The content of norisoprenoids in 2020; B, The content of norisoprenoids in 2021.

Fig.5 Analysis of OPLS-DA and main components of norisoprenoids during development of Chardonnay grape berries A and B, OPLS-DA analysis of free norisoprenoid components; C and D, OPLS-DA analysis of bound norisoprenoid components; E, The changes of free β-ionone content during fruit development; F, The changes of bound β-damascone content during fruit development.

Fig.6 Analysis of correlation between CCD activity, total carotenoid content and norisoprenoids content *, Significant correlation (P<0.05); **, Very significant correlation (P<0.01); F, Free state; B, Bound state.

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Analysis for accumulation of norisoprenoids and changes of metabolic enzyme activities of Chardonnay grape berries

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