Metabolomics analysis of allelochemical phenolic acids and fatty acids in various organs of floating bed water dropwort

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221632

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 2673-2687.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221632

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Metabolomics analysis of allelochemical phenolic acids and fatty acids in various organs of floating bed water dropwort

WANG Wei(), LIU Jixiang, SUN Linhe, DU Fengfeng, LI Jinfeng, CHANG Yajun^*(), YAO Dongrui

Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Restoration, Nanjing 210014, China

Received:2022-11-16 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-12-04

Abstract

Abstract:

To identify the characters and differences of the metabolites in different organs of water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) and clarify the mechanism of allelopathy and algae inhibition of it, types and content of metabolites from different organs and culture water of floating bed water dropwort in different growth stages were analyzed using LC-ESI-MS metabolomics technology. In the culture water at the reproductive, seedling, and mature stages, 36 different phenolic acids and 24 different fatty acids were identified. The relative contents of the two types of allelochemicals at the seedling stage were significantly higher than those at the reproductive and mature stages. Eighteen phenolic acids could be detected in all different organs via targeted metabolomics technology. Ferulic acid and caffeic acid contents in leaves were (15.20 ± 1.98) ng·mg^-1 and (37.26 ± 2.21) ng·mg^-1, respectively. Thirty-three different types of fatty acid allelochemicals could be detected in all organs. The contents of stearic acid and myristic acid in the roots and leaves were (450.70 ± 14.32) ng·mg^-1 and (39.54 ± 0.50) ng·mg^-1, respectively, much higher than that in stems. Taken together, a variety of phenolic acids and fatty acids were accumulated in both water dropwort plants and the culture water. The release of these compounds could inhibit the growth of algae in eutrophic water. The leaves of water dropwort at seedling stage could be ideal materials for biological algae inhibitors production due to the remarkable content of phenolic acids and fatty acids.

Key words: water dropwort, fatty acid, phenolic acid, allelochemical, Microcystis aeruginosa

CLC Number:

S184
X173

WANG Wei, LIU Jixiang, SUN Linhe, DU Fengfeng, LI Jinfeng, CHANG Yajun, YAO Dongrui. Metabolomics analysis of allelochemical phenolic acids and fatty acids in various organs of floating bed water dropwort[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(11): 2673-2687.

Figures/Tables 11

References 40

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处理组 Treatments	种植水体积 Volume of cultured water/mL	种植水占比 Proportion of cultured water/%	细胞密度 Cell density/mL^-1	颜色 Colour	絮状沉淀 Flocky precipitate
A	0	0	18.6×10⁸±103	墨绿色Deep green	无Without
B	25	12.5	10.9×10⁷±87	黄色Yellow	少量Paucity
C	50	25.0	—	无色Colourless	大量Mass

处理组 Treatments	种植水体积 Volume of cultured water/mL	种植水占比 Proportion of cultured water/%	细胞密度 Cell density/mL^-1	颜色 Colour	絮状沉淀 Flocky precipitate
A	0	0	18.6×10⁸±103	墨绿色Deep green	无Without
B	25	12.5	10.9×10⁷±87	黄色Yellow	少量Paucity
C	50	25.0	—	无色Colourless	大量Mass

时期 Stage	化感物质 Allelochemical	保留时间 Retention time/min	mzCloud 最佳匹配 mzCloud best match	差异倍数 Fold change	P值 P value	变量权重 Variable importance in projection
幼苗期与繁殖期	苯甲酸Benzoic acid	0.954	99.8	4.723	1.252×10^-8	1.459
Seedling stage and	弗拉西汀Fraxetin	2.483	97.0	92.063	1.881×10^-2	1.274
reproductive stage	对羟基苯甲酸丙酯Propylparaben	0.909	94.6	0.213	8.183×10^-3	1.320
	3',4'-二羟基苯基丙酮	0.935	76.8	0.234	5.560×10^-3	1.331
	3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylacetone
幼苗期与成熟期	苯甲酸Benzoic acid	0.715	99.9	1.448	1.659×10^-2	1.071
Seedling stage and	水杨酸Salicylic acid	1.991	98.2	5.846	1.014×10^-6	1.555
mature stage	咖啡酸Caffeic acid	6.594	97.4	5.023	2.018×10^-3	1.282
	2-甲基-4,6-二硝基苯酚	0.790	96.5	2.852	7.863×10^-4	1.332
	3-2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
	4-羟基苯甲醛 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	2.511	95.7	2.753	5.664×10^-4	1.369
	阿魏酸Ferulic acid	2.626	94.9	2.122	2.857×10^-3	1.264
	3-氨基水杨酸 3-Aminosalicylic acid	4.934	94.4	2.868	1.536×10^-3	1.302
	儿茶酚Catechol	0.647	85.7	3.054	1.595×10^-2	1.100
	2-(2'-羟基-3,5'-二叔丁基苯基)-5-氯苯	0.802	84.3	18.531	1.371×10^-4	1.424
	并三唑 2-(2'-Hydroxy-3,5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)- 5-chlorobenzotriazole
	3,5-二羟基苯甲酸3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	7.220	81.8	8.163	1.049×10^-2	1.145
	4-二硝基苯酚 2,4-Dinitrophenol	0.821	73.8	2.389	3.328×10^-3	1.229

时期 Stage	化感物质 Allelochemical	保留时间 Retention time/min	mzCloud 最佳匹配 mzCloud best match	差异倍数 Fold change	P值 P value	变量权重 Variable importance in projection
幼苗期与繁殖期	苯甲酸Benzoic acid	0.954	99.8	4.723	1.252×10^-8	1.459
Seedling stage and	弗拉西汀Fraxetin	2.483	97.0	92.063	1.881×10^-2	1.274
reproductive stage	对羟基苯甲酸丙酯Propylparaben	0.909	94.6	0.213	8.183×10^-3	1.320
	3',4'-二羟基苯基丙酮	0.935	76.8	0.234	5.560×10^-3	1.331
	3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylacetone
幼苗期与成熟期	苯甲酸Benzoic acid	0.715	99.9	1.448	1.659×10^-2	1.071
Seedling stage and	水杨酸Salicylic acid	1.991	98.2	5.846	1.014×10^-6	1.555
mature stage	咖啡酸Caffeic acid	6.594	97.4	5.023	2.018×10^-3	1.282
	2-甲基-4,6-二硝基苯酚	0.790	96.5	2.852	7.863×10^-4	1.332
	3-2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
	4-羟基苯甲醛 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	2.511	95.7	2.753	5.664×10^-4	1.369
	阿魏酸Ferulic acid	2.626	94.9	2.122	2.857×10^-3	1.264
	3-氨基水杨酸 3-Aminosalicylic acid	4.934	94.4	2.868	1.536×10^-3	1.302
	儿茶酚Catechol	0.647	85.7	3.054	1.595×10^-2	1.100
	2-(2'-羟基-3,5'-二叔丁基苯基)-5-氯苯	0.802	84.3	18.531	1.371×10^-4	1.424
	并三唑 2-(2'-Hydroxy-3,5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)- 5-chlorobenzotriazole
	3,5-二羟基苯甲酸3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	7.220	81.8	8.163	1.049×10^-2	1.145
	4-二硝基苯酚 2,4-Dinitrophenol	0.821	73.8	2.389	3.328×10^-3	1.229

时期 Stage	化感物质 Allelochemical	保留时间 Retention time/min	mzCloud 最佳匹配 mzCloud best match	差异倍数 Fold change	P值 P value	变量权重 Variable importance in projection
幼苗期与繁殖期	DL-乳酸DL-Carnitine	7.400	97.5	0.092	6.464×10^-6	2.122
Seedling stage and	硬脂酸Stearic acid	0.966	95.7	2.393	1.097×10^-4	4.559
reproductive stage	壬二酸Azelaic acid	1.773	91.6	8.601	6.691×10^-8	1.092
幼苗期与成熟期	羟基丁酸3-Hydroxybutyric acid	0.715	99.9	1.448	1.659×10^-2	1.071
Seedling stage and	柠檬酸Citric acid	13.655	99.1	1.736	2.097×10^-2	1.068
mature stage	3,3-二甲基戊二酸3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid	2.420	97.9	2.187	1.997×10^-4	1.401
	硬脂酸Stearic acid	0.966	95.7	1.637	7.875×10^-3	1.166
	3-叔丁基己二酸3-tert-Butyladipic acid	4.784	93.6	2.323	2.965×10^-4	1.387
	癸酸Decanoic acid	1.289	88.3	70.943	1.023×10^-6	1.548

Metabolomics analysis of allelochemical phenolic acids and fatty acids in various organs of floating bed water dropwort

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酚酸类 Phenolic acid	占比Proportion/%			含量Content/(ng·mg^-1)
酚酸类 Phenolic acid	根Root	茎Stem	叶Leaf	根Root	茎Stem	叶Leaf
没食子酸Gallic acid	1.19	1.00	4.65	0.32±0.01 b	0.16±0.09 c	3.26±0.01 a
苯丙氨酸L-Phenylalanine	0.07	0.12	0.08	0.02±0.01 b	0.02±0.01 b	0.06±0.01 a
原儿茶酸3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	0.28	0.32	0.22	0.08±0.01 b	0.05±0.02 b	0.15±0.01 a
原儿茶醛Protocatechualdehyde	1.06	0.79	1.24	0.28±0.04 b	0.12±0.01 b	0.87±0.10 a
香草酸Vanillic acid	2.66	3.31	6.45	0.71±0.01 b	0.51±0.07 b	4.52±0.44 a
咖啡酸Caffeic acid	28.76	18.77	53.16	7.70±0.74 b	2.92±0.17 c	37.26±2.21 a
丁香酸Syringic acid	0.25	0.10	0.15	0.07±0.01 b	0.02±0.01 c	0.10±0.01 a
表儿茶素L-Epicatechin	0.010	0.003	0.002	0.01×10^-1±0.01 ab	0.05×10^-2±0.01 b	0.02×10^-1±0.01 a
4-羟基苯甲酸4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	4.16	4.78	1.61	1.11±0.14 a	0.74±0.01 b	1.13±0.03 a
香草醛Vanillin	4.18	4.74	1.60	1.12±0.16 a	0.74±0.04 b	1.12±0.06 a
4-羟基肉桂酸4-Hydroxycinnamic acid	14.4	11.21	5.44	3.86±0.29 a	1.75±1.12 a	3.81±0.33 a
丁香醛Syringaldehyde	0.64	0.91	1.94	0.17±0.01 b	0.14±0.08 b	1.36±0.08 a
阿魏酸Ferulic acid	41.26	52.54	21.69	11.05±0.62 b	8.18±0.33 b	15.20±1.98 a
3,5-二甲氧基肉桂酸	0.22	0.63	1.33	0.06±0.01 b	0.10±0.02 b	0.93±0.21 a
3,5-Dimethoxycinnamic acid
水杨酸Salicylic acid	0.06	0.08	0.05	0.01±0.01 b	0.01±0.01 b	0.04±0.01 a
苯甲酸Benzoic acid	0.58	0.56	0.20	0.15±0.02 a	0.09±0.03 b	0.14±0.01 a
氢化肉桂酸Hydrocinnamic acid	0.18	0.01	0.02	0.05±0.01 a	0.02×10^-1±0.01 c	0.01±0.01 b
反式肉桂酸Trans-cinnamic acid	0.05	0.12	0.17	0.01±0.01 b	0.02±0.01 b	0.12±0.02 a

脂肪酸类 Fatty acid	占比Proportion/%			含量Content/(ng·mg^-1)
脂肪酸类 Fatty acid	根Root	茎Stem	叶Leaf	根Root	茎Stem	叶Leaf
葵酸Decanoate	0.21	0.22	0.14	6.52±0.07 a	6.54±0.04 a	6.54±0.04 a
十一醇Undecanoate	0.65	0.67	0.43	20.31±0.22 a	19.98±0.28 a	20.15±0.09 a
月桂酸Laurate	0.87	0.91	0.59	27.26±0.27 a	27.33±0.20 a	27.46±0.22 a
十三碳酸Tridecanoate	0.85	0.89	0.57	26.71±0.26 a	26.53±0.27 a	26.66±0.13 a
肉豆蔻酸Myristate	1.24	1.26	0.85	38.73±0.69 a	37.69±0.91 a	39.54±0.50 a
肉豆蔻脑酸Myristoleate	1.46	1.52	0.97	45.69±0.42 a	45.58±0.40 a	45.14±0.40 a
十五烷酸Pentadecanoate	0.73	0.76	0.49	22.96±0.26 a	22.90±0.34 a	22.88±0.15 a
十五碳烯酸Pentadecenoate	0.79	0.83	0.54	24.83±0.33 a	24.95±0.08 a	24.90±0.19 a
棕榈酸Palmitate	20.53	19.75	16.78	641.92±26.54 b	590.62±27.56 b	778.74±8.22 a
棕榈油酸Palmitoleate	1.42	1.38	0.89	44.36±1.59 a	41.23±0.32 b	41.15±0.19 b
十七烷酸Heptadecanoate	0.56	0.59	0.38	17.48±0.20 a	17.51±0.30 a	17.78±0.09 a
十七碳烯酸Heptadecenoate	9.42	8.75	5.71	294.44±15.07 a	261.79±9.40 a	265.16±13.61 a
硬脂酸Stearate	14.42	12.65	8.67	450.70±14.32 a	378.33±15.46 b	402.62±15.97 ab
反油酸Elaidate	10.46	10.95	1.25	326.99±17.35 a	327.64±45.34 a	58.18±0.61 b
油酸Oleate	0.31	0.37	0.71	9.67±0.66 b	11.17±2.20 b	32.75±1.96 a
反亚油酸Linoelaidate	4.99	4.89	7.69	155.97±2.59 b	146.37±13.96 b	357.06±16.64 a
亚油酸Linoleate	4.84	4.71	7.62	151.22±2.29 b	140.78±14.60 b	353.45±16.88 a
花生酸Arachidate	0.48	0.52	0.33	15.11±0.03 a	15.66±0.53 a	15.11±0.19 a
γ-亚麻酸γ-Linolenate	1.09	2.03	13.16	34.08±1.07 b	60.70±3.62 b	610.99±24.90 a
11-二十碳烯酸11-Eicosenoate	1.14	1.16	5.93	35.70±1.06 b	34.71±0.40 b	275.29±9.58 a
亚麻酸Linolenate	1.25	2.19	10.57	39.02±0.89 b	65.49±6.02 b	490.67±19.78 a
二十一烷酸Heneicosanoate	0.59	0.62	0.90	18.34±0.16 b	18.46±0.19 b	41.71±1.81 a
二十碳二烯酸11,14-Eicosadienoate	0.98	1.03	0.68	30.52±0.40 a	30.75±0.27 a	31.36±0.38 a
山嵛酸Behenate	0.82	0.89	0.59	25.67±0.42 b	26.69±0.47 ab	27.43±0.47 a
顺-8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸	1.21	1.26	0.82	37.98±0.50 a	37.73±0.27 a	38.18±0.25 a
Cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid
芥酸Erucate	5.13	4.84	3.20	160.50±4.42 a	144.72±4.28 a	148.52±5.95 a
1,14,17-顺-二十碳三烯酸	1.54	1.55	1.17	48.12±1.38 b	46.42±0.29 b	54.13±0.34 a
1,14,17-Eicosatrienoate
二十三酸Tricosanoate	0.68	0.71	0.46	21.28±0.28 a	21.16±0.25 a	21.31±0.19 a
花生四烯酸Arachidonate	1.85	2.18	1.47	57.96±0.12 b	65.29±0.08 a	68.00±0.91 a
二十二碳二烯酸Docosadienoate	1.60	1.68	1.08	50.01±0.30 a	50.36±0.54 a	50.27±0.41 a
木蜡酸Lignocerate	1.85	1.91	1.28	57.78±0.84 ab	57.16±0.33 b	59.55±0.33 a
二十碳五烯酸Eicosapentaenoate	1.53	1.61	1.04	47.86±0.49 a	48.02±0.28 a	48.06±0.37 a
二十四碳烯酸Nervonate	1.91	2.00	1.29	59.65±0.26 a	59.85±0.47 a	59.68±0.46 a
二十二碳六烯酸Docosahexaenoate	2.58	2.70	1.74	80.66±0.83 a	80.86±0.69 a	80.94±0.77 a

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