Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (12): 2954-2965.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221751
• Biosystems Engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles
Design and experiment of longitudinal-axial flow flexible bent-tooth soybean thresher
TAN Yunfeng(
), CHEN Lin(), HU Sen, WANG Jian, CHEN Zhifan, LYU Xiaorong
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, Sichuan, China
-
Received:2022-11-15Online:2023-12-25Published:2023-12-27
CLC Number:
Cite this article
TAN Yunfeng, CHEN Lin, HU Sen, WANG Jian, CHEN Zhifan, LYU Xiaorong. Design and experiment of longitudinal-axial flow flexible bent-tooth soybean thresher[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(12): 2954-2965.
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Fig.1 General structure of longitudinal-axial flow flexible bent-tooth soybean thresher 1, Threshing drum; 2, Guide plate; 3, Shell; 4, Rack; 5, Passively rotable concave sieve; 6, Conveyor belt; 7, Collection plate; 8, Motor.
Fig.1 General structure of longitudinal-axial flow flexible bent-tooth soybean thresher 1, Threshing drum; 2, Guide plate; 3, Shell; 4, Rack; 5, Passively rotable concave sieve; 6, Conveyor belt; 7, Collection plate; 8, Motor.
Fig.2 Threshing element 1, Degranulation curved teeth; 2, Limited seating; 3, Set screw; 4, Bolt; 5, Finger glove; 6, Base; 7, Nut; 8, Spring; 9, Spoke.
Fig.2 Threshing element 1, Degranulation curved teeth; 2, Limited seating; 3, Set screw; 4, Bolt; 5, Finger glove; 6, Base; 7, Nut; 8, Spring; 9, Spoke.
Fig.3 Force diagram of threshing element Ft, The external forces of curved teeth subjected to the material; F n 1, The support force of the bolt on the bent teeth; F n 2, The force exerted by the torsion spring on the rod teeth; β1, The angle between the external force Ft and the horizontal direction; β2, The angle between the force F n 2 of the torsion spring on the rod teeth and the horizontal direction; β3, The angle between the support force F n 1 of the bolt on the curved teeth and the vertical direction; θ, The rod teeth rotate counterclockwise with the bolt as the center of rotation; L, The distance between the contact point of the material and the threshing bending tooth and the torsion center.
Fig.3 Force diagram of threshing element Ft, The external forces of curved teeth subjected to the material; F n 1, The support force of the bolt on the bent teeth; F n 2, The force exerted by the torsion spring on the rod teeth; β1, The angle between the external force Ft and the horizontal direction; β2, The angle between the force F n 2 of the torsion spring on the rod teeth and the horizontal direction; β3, The angle between the support force F n 1 of the bolt on the curved teeth and the vertical direction; θ, The rod teeth rotate counterclockwise with the bolt as the center of rotation; L, The distance between the contact point of the material and the threshing bending tooth and the torsion center.
Fig.4 Passive rotary concave screen monomer 1, Concave sieve tray; 2, Passive rotary screening unit.
Fig.4 Passive rotary concave screen monomer 1, Concave sieve tray; 2, Passive rotary screening unit.
Fig.5 The force diagram of the material moving on the screen side of concave plate ω, The angular speed of the roller; FN, The impact force of the material subjected to the concave sieve; μNFN, The friction of the material subjected to the concave screen; FS, The impact force of the material subjected to the threshing element; μSFS, The frictional force of the material subjected to the threshing element; G, Gravity; β, Spiral angle of material movement; V, Material movement speed; δ, The angle of action of the threshing element on the material.
Fig.5 The force diagram of the material moving on the screen side of concave plate ω, The angular speed of the roller; FN, The impact force of the material subjected to the concave sieve; μNFN, The friction of the material subjected to the concave screen; FS, The impact force of the material subjected to the threshing element; μSFS, The frictional force of the material subjected to the threshing element; G, Gravity; β, Spiral angle of material movement; V, Material movement speed; δ, The angle of action of the threshing element on the material.
Table 1 Discrete element simulation of contact parameters
| 材料 Materials | 参数 Parameter | 数值 Value | 材料 Materials | 参数 Parameter | 数值 Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 茎秆 | 泊松比Poisson’s ratio | 0.3 | 茎秆-籽粒 | 恢复系数Restitution coefficient | 0.55 |
| Stalks | 密度Density/(kg·m-3) | 500 | Stalks-Seeds | 静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient | 0.50 |
| 弹性模量Elastic modulus/Pa | 6×108 | 滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient | 0.05 | ||
| 钢板 | 泊松比Poisson’s ratio | 0.3 | 籽粒-钢板 | 恢复系数Restitution coefficient | 0.56 |
| Steel plate | 密度Density/(kg·m-3) | 7 800 | Seeds-steel | 静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient | 0.43 |
| 弹性模量Elastic modulus/Pa | 7×1010 | plate | 滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient | 0.01 | |
| 籽粒Seeds | 泊松比Poisson’s ratio | 0.25 | 茎秆-茎秆 | 恢复系数Restitution coefficient | 0.28 |
| 密度Density/(kg·m-3) | 1236 | Stalks-Stalks | 静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient | 0.38 | |
| 弹性模量Elastic modulus/Pa | 1.04×107 | 滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient | 0.01 | ||
| 茎秆-钢板 | 恢复系数Restitution coefficient | 0.68 | 籽粒-籽粒 | 恢复系数Restitution coefficient | 0.55 |
| Stalks-steel | 静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient | 0.32 | 静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient | 0.50 | |
| plate | 滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient | 0.012 | Seeds-Seeds | 滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient | 0.05 |
Table 1 Discrete element simulation of contact parameters
| 材料 Materials | 参数 Parameter | 数值 Value | 材料 Materials | 参数 Parameter | 数值 Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 茎秆 | 泊松比Poisson’s ratio | 0.3 | 茎秆-籽粒 | 恢复系数Restitution coefficient | 0.55 |
| Stalks | 密度Density/(kg·m-3) | 500 | Stalks-Seeds | 静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient | 0.50 |
| 弹性模量Elastic modulus/Pa | 6×108 | 滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient | 0.05 | ||
| 钢板 | 泊松比Poisson’s ratio | 0.3 | 籽粒-钢板 | 恢复系数Restitution coefficient | 0.56 |
| Steel plate | 密度Density/(kg·m-3) | 7 800 | Seeds-steel | 静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient | 0.43 |
| 弹性模量Elastic modulus/Pa | 7×1010 | plate | 滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient | 0.01 | |
| 籽粒Seeds | 泊松比Poisson’s ratio | 0.25 | 茎秆-茎秆 | 恢复系数Restitution coefficient | 0.28 |
| 密度Density/(kg·m-3) | 1236 | Stalks-Stalks | 静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient | 0.38 | |
| 弹性模量Elastic modulus/Pa | 1.04×107 | 滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient | 0.01 | ||
| 茎秆-钢板 | 恢复系数Restitution coefficient | 0.68 | 籽粒-籽粒 | 恢复系数Restitution coefficient | 0.55 |
| Stalks-steel | 静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient | 0.32 | 静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient | 0.50 | |
| plate | 滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient | 0.012 | Seeds-Seeds | 滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient | 0.05 |
Table 2 Parameters of intergranular bond
| 材料Materials | 参数Parameter | 数值Value |
|---|---|---|
| 籽粒-茎秆Seeds-stalks | 法向单位面积刚度Normal stiffness per unit area/(kg·m-3) | 5×108 |
| 切向单位面积刚度Tangential stiffness per unit area/(kg·m-3) | 4×108 | |
| 临界法向应力Critical normal stress/Pa | 200 000 | |
| 临界切向应力Critical tangential stress/Pa | 160 000 | |
| 黏结半径Bond radius/mm | 4.2 | |
| 茎秆-茎秆Stalks-stalks | 法向单位面积刚度Normal stiffness per unit area/(kg·m-3) | 1.5×1010 |
| 切向单位面积刚度Tangential stiffness per unit area/(kg·m-3) | 1.2×1010 | |
| 临界法向应力Critical normal stress/Pa | 1.3×107 | |
| 临界切向应力Critical tangential stress/Pa | 1.04×107 | |
| 黏结半径Bond radius/mm | 4.2 |
Table 2 Parameters of intergranular bond
| 材料Materials | 参数Parameter | 数值Value |
|---|---|---|
| 籽粒-茎秆Seeds-stalks | 法向单位面积刚度Normal stiffness per unit area/(kg·m-3) | 5×108 |
| 切向单位面积刚度Tangential stiffness per unit area/(kg·m-3) | 4×108 | |
| 临界法向应力Critical normal stress/Pa | 200 000 | |
| 临界切向应力Critical tangential stress/Pa | 160 000 | |
| 黏结半径Bond radius/mm | 4.2 | |
| 茎秆-茎秆Stalks-stalks | 法向单位面积刚度Normal stiffness per unit area/(kg·m-3) | 1.5×1010 |
| 切向单位面积刚度Tangential stiffness per unit area/(kg·m-3) | 1.2×1010 | |
| 临界法向应力Critical normal stress/Pa | 1.3×107 | |
| 临界切向应力Critical tangential stress/Pa | 1.04×107 | |
| 黏结半径Bond radius/mm | 4.2 |
Fig.6 Discrete element modeling of soybean plant at harvest stage
Fig.6 Discrete element modeling of soybean plant at harvest stage
Fig.7 Whole machine simulation model
Fig.7 Whole machine simulation model
Fig.8 Coupling simulation process
Fig.8 Coupling simulation process
Fig.9 Comparison of normal and tangential contact forces of flexible and rigid bending teeth
Fig.9 Comparison of normal and tangential contact forces of flexible and rigid bending teeth
Fig.10 Physical drawing of test stand
Fig.10 Physical drawing of test stand
Table 3 Basic parameters of soybean plant
| 参数 Parameter | 范围 Scope | 均值 Mean |
|---|---|---|
| 茎秆外径(大) | 7.13~7.75 | 7.36 |
| Stem outside diameter (large)/mm | ||
| 茎秆外径(中) | 5.86~6.39 | 6.11 |
| Stem outer diameter (middle)/mm | ||
| 茎秆外径(小) | 4.81~5.14 | 4.98 |
| Stem outside diameter (small)/mm | ||
| 籽粒长轴 | 9.14~11.91 | 10.65 |
| Long axis of grain/mm | ||
| 籽粒短轴 | 5.82~7.31 | 6.43 |
| Short axis of grain/mm | ||
| 籽粒含水率 | 14.40~18.90 | 16.60 |
| Grain moisture content/% |
Table 3 Basic parameters of soybean plant
| 参数 Parameter | 范围 Scope | 均值 Mean |
|---|---|---|
| 茎秆外径(大) | 7.13~7.75 | 7.36 |
| Stem outside diameter (large)/mm | ||
| 茎秆外径(中) | 5.86~6.39 | 6.11 |
| Stem outer diameter (middle)/mm | ||
| 茎秆外径(小) | 4.81~5.14 | 4.98 |
| Stem outside diameter (small)/mm | ||
| 籽粒长轴 | 9.14~11.91 | 10.65 |
| Long axis of grain/mm | ||
| 籽粒短轴 | 5.82~7.31 | 6.43 |
| Short axis of grain/mm | ||
| 籽粒含水率 | 14.40~18.90 | 16.60 |
| Grain moisture content/% |
Table 4 Level of test factors
| 编码值 Code | 滚筒转速 Roller speed(A)/ (r·min-1) | 脱粒间隙 Threshing clearance (B)/mm×mm | 喂入量 Feed amount (C)/(kg·s-1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| -1 | 350 | 15×10 | 1 |
| 0 | 400 | 20×15 | 2 |
| 1 | 450 | 25×20 | 3 |
Table 4 Level of test factors
| 编码值 Code | 滚筒转速 Roller speed(A)/ (r·min-1) | 脱粒间隙 Threshing clearance (B)/mm×mm | 喂入量 Feed amount (C)/(kg·s-1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| -1 | 350 | 15×10 | 1 |
| 0 | 400 | 20×15 | 2 |
| 1 | 450 | 25×20 | 3 |
Table 5 Test design scheme and results
| 序号No. | A | B | C | Y1/% | Y2/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 2.28 | 0.80 |
| 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.05 | 0.88 |
| 3 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 1.82 | 0.72 |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.98 | 0.74 |
| 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2.58 | 0.79 |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.91 | 0.69 |
| 7 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 1.71 | 0.69 |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.92 | 0.72 |
| 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.61 | 0.73 |
| 10 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 1.42 | 0.77 |
| 11 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 2.53 | 0.75 |
| 12 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3.03 | 0.72 |
| 13 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 1.83 | 0.76 |
| 14 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 2.41 | 0.81 |
| 15 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 2.45 | 0.65 |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.11 | 0.72 |
| 17 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 1.81 | 0.68 |
Table 5 Test design scheme and results
| 序号No. | A | B | C | Y1/% | Y2/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 2.28 | 0.80 |
| 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.05 | 0.88 |
| 3 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 1.82 | 0.72 |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.98 | 0.74 |
| 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2.58 | 0.79 |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.91 | 0.69 |
| 7 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 1.71 | 0.69 |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.92 | 0.72 |
| 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.61 | 0.73 |
| 10 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 1.42 | 0.77 |
| 11 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 2.53 | 0.75 |
| 12 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3.03 | 0.72 |
| 13 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 1.83 | 0.76 |
| 14 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 2.41 | 0.81 |
| 15 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 2.45 | 0.65 |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.11 | 0.72 |
| 17 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 1.81 | 0.68 |
Table 6 Analysis of variance
| 参数 Parameter | Y1/% | Y2/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | |
| Model | 4.07 | 0.038 7 | 7.64 | 0.006 9 |
| A | 6.11 | 0.042 7 | 30.11 | 0.000 9 |
| B | 5.75 | 0.047 6 | 12.72 | 0.009 1 |
| C | 18.50 | 0.003 6 | 14.75 | 0.006 4 |
| AB | 0.099 0 | 0.762 2 | 0.150 5 | 0.709 6 |
| AC | 0.488 9 | 0.507 0 | 1.35 | 0.282 6 |
| BC | 0.239 5 | 0.639 5 | 0.602 2 | 0.463 2 |
| A2 | 0.704 4 | 0.429 0 | 6.69 | 0.036 1 |
| B2 | 0.896 6 | 0.375 2 | 0.039 6 | 0.847 9 |
| C2 | 3.40 | 0.107 8 | 1.94 | 0.206 2 |
| 失拟项Lack of fit | 4.33 | 0.095 5 | 3.10 | 0.151 8 |
Table 6 Analysis of variance
| 参数 Parameter | Y1/% | Y2/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | |
| Model | 4.07 | 0.038 7 | 7.64 | 0.006 9 |
| A | 6.11 | 0.042 7 | 30.11 | 0.000 9 |
| B | 5.75 | 0.047 6 | 12.72 | 0.009 1 |
| C | 18.50 | 0.003 6 | 14.75 | 0.006 4 |
| AB | 0.099 0 | 0.762 2 | 0.150 5 | 0.709 6 |
| AC | 0.488 9 | 0.507 0 | 1.35 | 0.282 6 |
| BC | 0.239 5 | 0.639 5 | 0.602 2 | 0.463 2 |
| A2 | 0.704 4 | 0.429 0 | 6.69 | 0.036 1 |
| B2 | 0.896 6 | 0.375 2 | 0.039 6 | 0.847 9 |
| C2 | 3.40 | 0.107 8 | 1.94 | 0.206 2 |
| 失拟项Lack of fit | 4.33 | 0.095 5 | 3.10 | 0.151 8 |
Fig.11 Effect of factor interaction on loss rate
Fig.11 Effect of factor interaction on loss rate
Fig.12 Effect of interaction of factors on breakage rate
Fig.12 Effect of interaction of factors on breakage rate
Table 7 Optimization result validation test
| 编号 No. | 滚筒转速 Roller speed(A)/ (r·min-1) | 脱粒间隙 Threshing clearance(B)/ mm×mm | 喂入量 Feed amount(C)/ (kg·s-1) | 损失率 Loss rate (Y1)/% | 破碎率 Breakage rate (Y2)/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 366.65 | 20.78×15.78 | 1.286 | 1.79 | 0.69 |
| 2 | 366.65 | 20.78×15.78 | 1.286 | 1.75 | 0.73 |
| 3 | 366.65 | 20.78×15.78 | 1.286 | 1.76 | 0.72 |
| 平均值Average value | 366.65 | 20.78×15.78 | 1.286 | 1.767 | 0.713 |
Table 7 Optimization result validation test
| 编号 No. | 滚筒转速 Roller speed(A)/ (r·min-1) | 脱粒间隙 Threshing clearance(B)/ mm×mm | 喂入量 Feed amount(C)/ (kg·s-1) | 损失率 Loss rate (Y1)/% | 破碎率 Breakage rate (Y2)/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 366.65 | 20.78×15.78 | 1.286 | 1.79 | 0.69 |
| 2 | 366.65 | 20.78×15.78 | 1.286 | 1.75 | 0.73 |
| 3 | 366.65 | 20.78×15.78 | 1.286 | 1.76 | 0.72 |
| 平均值Average value | 366.65 | 20.78×15.78 | 1.286 | 1.767 | 0.713 |
Fig.13 Installation of machinery and tools
Fig.13 Installation of machinery and tools
Fig.14 Soybean harvest test site
Fig.14 Soybean harvest test site
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