Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

Response of yield and quality of high-quality japonica rice with different grain shapes to regulation of sowing date in northern Zhejiang, China

ZHANG Hongmei, WANG Baojun, SHEN Yaqiang, CHENG Wangda

2023, 35(12): 2751-2762. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221732

Abstract ( 247 )

HTML ( 1868563135 )

PDF (1927KB) ( 698 )

In order to investigate the response of yield and quality of high-quality japonica rice with different grain shapes to the regulation of sowing date in northern Zhejiang and to provide basis for reasonable sowing date of high-quality japonica rice with different grain shapes in this region. From 2019 to 2020, field experiments were conducted and a two factor randomized block design was adopted. Long grain japonica rice Jiahexiang No.1 (L) and round grain japonica rice Zhehexiang No.2 (R) were set at 2 levels. The sowing dates were set at 5 levels: May 15 (S1), May 25 (S2), June 4 (S3), June 14 (S4), and June 24 (S5). A total of 10 treatments were used to study the effects of sowing date regulation on the yield and quality of high-quality japonica rice with different grain shapes in northern Zhejiang. The results showed that the full sowing duration of L-type and R-type high-quality japonica rice was shortened with the delay of sowing date. In terms of actual yield, the yield of L-type high-quality japonica rice [(10.83±0.02) t·hm^-2] was basically stable under different sowing dates, and the difference was not significant. The trend of inter annual yield change of R-type high-quality japonica rice was different, the yield of R-S2 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of R-S1 in 2019, the difference of yield under different treatments was not significant in 2020. Correlation network analysis showed that sowing date regulation had a greater impact on R type high-quality japonica rice. The sunshine duration, accumulated temperature and precipitation in rice growth period decreased significantly with the delay of sowing date. The effective panicle number and amylose content of L-type high-quality japonica rice significantly increased, the ratio of grain length to width and taste quality significantly decreased with the delay of sowing date. The effective panicle number, grain length and protein content of R type high-quality japonica rice significantly increased, and plant height and milled rice rate significantly decreased with the delay of sowing date. The comprehensive score of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive score of long grain high-quality japonica rice was L-S4 (0.902)>L-S3 (0.045)>L-S5 (0.013)>L-S2 (-0.407)>L-S1 (-0.552), the comprehensive score of round grain high-quality japonica rice was R-S4 (0.485)>R-S5 (0.349)>R-S3 (0.323)>R-S2 (-0.216)>R-S1 (-0.941). In conclusion, around June 14 was the suitable sowing date of long grain and round grain high-quality japonica rice in northern Zhejiang.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of the D3 gene on transcriptional regulation and its role in defense responses

XU Yue, WANG Shaomin, TAN Xiaojing, LUO Yingjie, CHANG Jingyi, DENG Hui, LIU Xiuli, CUI Weijun, ZHOU Jie, WU Yueyan, YAN Chengqi, WANG Xuming

2023, 35(12): 2763-2774. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221667

Abstract ( 162 )

HTML ( 21 )

PDF (2807KB) ( 428 )

Bacterial leaf blight is a bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Bacterial leaf blight can severely reduce rice yields. With the development of molecular biotechnology, editing potential disease resistance genes has become a method to improve rice disease resistance and reduce the loss of the disease. In this study, D3 gene edited lines and wild-type inoculation experiments were used to determine D3 gene resistance and high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the transcriptomes of three different D3 gene-edited lines, and the results showed that compared with the wild type, D3 gene was significantly induced, while the D3 edited lines showed different degrees of blight resistance and a total of 8 184 DEGs were identified at the transcriptome level, including 4 201 up-regulated genes and 3 983 down-regulated genes, among which 359 DEGs were found simultaneously differentially expressed in the three groups. After that, this part of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was verified by quantitative PCR. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the genes related to biological pathways, cellular components and molecular functions were significantly differentially expressed in D3 gene-edited lines compared with the wild-type. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that DEGs were significantly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropane biosynthesis pathways. Further experiments showed that, compared with the wild type, pathogen-related genes (PRs) in D3 gene-edited lines were significantly induced after inoculation with Xoo, and D3 gene-edited lines showed different degrees of bacterial blight resistance, thus further confirmed the role of D3 in bacterial blight resistance. This study enriches the role of the rice D3 gene in affecting transcriptional regulation, especially its impact on plant disease resistance-related genes. At the same time, this study expands the ideas for the research on the disease resistance mechanism of D3 gene.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Screening and identification of soybean rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria and their growth-promoting effects

LIU Yue, XU Weihui, WANG Zhigang

2023, 35(12): 2775-2784. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221786

Abstract ( 262 )

HTML ( 44 )

PDF (2806KB) ( 409 )

The soybean rhizosphere soil was used as experimental material to screen efficient growth-promoting strains, then enriching the strain resources of soybean special biofertilizer. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were selected using selective medium of phosphate dissolving, potassium dissolving, phosphate solubilization, autotrophic nitrogen fixation and combined nitrogen fixation. The abilities of phosphate solubilization, phosphorus dissolving, potassium solubilization, nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) of PGPR were measured, then the effect of PGPR on the growth of soybean plants was explored. The results showed that 93 PGPR strains were isolated belonging to the genera Priestia, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacteria, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, and Acinetobacter. Twenty-nine excellent PGPR strains were screened based on their growth-promoting functions and characteristics, among which strains GD6, JP7, JP34, PKO13, JK32, GD3, and GD32 promoted the accumulation of root surface area of soybean, which increased by 42.93%, 48.41%, 53.04%, 54.69%, 47.86%, 50.44%, 48.67%, respectively. Seven of the above strains, 4 Klebsiella, 2 Bacillus, and a Pristeria megagonia, are candidate strains for soybean microbial fertilizers.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Genes and pathways related to piglet diarrhea in miRNAs-MUC13 regulation system

LU Fuzeng, HUA Weidong, CHU Xiaohong, DAI Lihe, CHEN Xiaoyu, ZHANG Lifeng, WANG Zhigang, XU Ruhai

2023, 35(12): 2785-2793. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230088

Abstract ( 142 )

HTML ( 9 )

PDF (6986KB) ( 432 )

In order to discover the molecular regulatory mechanism related to piglet diarrhea, the genes and pathways related to piglet diarrhea in the microRNAs-Mucin13 (miRNAs-MUC13) regulatory system were explored and verified. NCBI blastn tool was used to compare the nucleic acid sequences of mouse MUC13 gene and pig gene bank, and found that the similarity between them was 74%-87%, with high homology. Taking the mouse as a model, the miRDB, mirTarBase and TargetScan databases were selected to predict the miRNA sequence that regulated the MUC13 gene. The target genes of these miRNA sequences were predicted through the StarBase database, and 36 target gene intersections were obtained. The interaction network of piglet diarrhea genes was built around MUC13 and these 36 target genes by using Cytoscape software. The network contains 19 screened target genes, and 4 molecular complex groups were obtained based on MCOMD algorithm analysis. The gene and pathway enrichment analysis of these 4 molecular complexes were carried out through DAVID platform. The results showed that the target genes SRF and STAG2 and their involved pathways were related to piglet diarrhea. Using Escherichia coli strain 200 and piglet intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-1) as the test materials, the piglet diarrhea model was designed and verified by the in vitro cell test. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the relative expressions of MUC13, SRF, IL-6, MAPK, STAG2, NF-κB, TLR7 in the test group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), so it was speculated that SRF and STAG2 genes were involved in the regulation of piglet diarrhea through MAPK, IL 6 and Toll-like receptor signal pathway in the miRNAs-MUC13 regulation system. This study explored 4 molecular complex groups and 2 core genes (SRF and STAG2) around the miRNAs-MUC13 regulatory system, and carried out experimental verification, which provided theoretical reference and scientific basis for targeted treatment of piglet diarrhea.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Identification and functional analysis of key candidate genes for milk fat metabolism in dairy cattle

LI Yanyan, BU Jianhua, HAN Liyun, WANG Chuanchuan, MU Tong

2023, 35(12): 2794-2808. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221710

Abstract ( 154 )

HTML ( 9 )

PDF (7015KB) ( 409 )

In order to deeply explore the key candidate genes affecting milk fat metabolism in Holstein cows, this study used real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to examine the tissue expression profiles of 15 candidate differential genes obtained by transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in the previous phase. After the key candidate genes for milk fat metabolism were identified, their localization in primary dairy mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) was examined, and clonal sequencing and functional analysis were performed. Results showed that the expression levels of ENPP2, PI4K2A, CTSH and PTPRR genes were higher in breast tissue than in other tissues, respectively, while the expression of PI4K2A and CTSH were at higher levels in both breast tissue and primary BMECs compared to other genes. The results of qRT-PCR combined with sequencing of the transcriptome finally identified PI4K2A as a key candidate gene regulating milk fat synthesis in dairy cows, mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of BMECs. Clone sequencing study revealed that the CDS (coding sequence) region of the cow PI4K2A gene was 1 440 bp in length and encoded 479 amino acids. Structural and functional analysis showed that PI4K2A was a non-secretory and unstable hydrophilic protein containing 40 phosphorylation sites with abundant post-translational modifications. Both the secondary and tertiary structure of PI4K2A protein were predominantly random coil, followed by α-helix, and was highly conserved across species. This study identified PI4K2A as an important candidate gene for milk fat metabolism in dairy cow, providing theoretical basis for the study of the molecular regulation mechanism of milk fat metabolism in dairy cow.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of tannin on growth performance, digestion and metabolism and slaughtering performance of fattening Tan sheep

WEN Hongrui, QI Mingjiang, GAO Changpeng, TIAN Xiaoyu, LI Xuemei, ZHOU Yuxiang

2023, 35(12): 2809-2817. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221742

Abstract ( 146 )

HTML ( 9 )

PDF (999KB) ( 360 )

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of tannin on body size index, digestion and metabolism and slaughtering performance of fattening Tan sheep. Twenty-seven healthy male lambs with similar body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups with 9 lambs in each group. Tan sheep in three groups were fed with identical basic diets with different tannin levels: 0 (control group), 2 000 (trial group Ⅰ) and 4 000 mg·kg^-1 (trial group Ⅱ), respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 10 days and the experimental period lasted for 60 days. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the dry matter intake of Tan sheep in trial group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the total weight gain and average daily gain were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group extremely significantly increased nitrogen intake, general energy intake and digestible energy (P<0.01), and significantly increased apparent digestibility of dry matter, deposited nitrogen, nitrogen deposition rate and apparent digestibility of general energy (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, net meat weight and eye muscle area of the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05). It is concluded that tannin supplementation can improve the growth performance, digestion metabolism and slaughtering performance of fattening Tan sheep, and the best effect is achieved at the supplemental level of 4 000 mg·kg^-1 under the experimental conditions, which can be widely used in production.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimization of fermentation process of quinoa straw fermented feed with different compound probiotics

ZHANG Xiwen, GUO Xiaonong, WANG Zexing, WANG Yaling

2023, 35(12): 2818-2829. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230127

Abstract ( 182 )

HTML ( 8 )

PDF (3677KB) ( 472 )

In this experiment, different probiotics were used to ferment quinoa straw feed to explore the optimal fermentation process of compound probiotics to ferment quinoa straw feed. In the experiment, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were selected as fermentation agents, which were composed of Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in different proportions, and an orthogonal experiment with three factors and three levels was set up. Each compound agent fermented quinoa straw feed included 9 test groups, and a blank control group was set at the same time. The three factors in the test were the mixed bacteria ratio of quinoa straw feed fermentation, fermentation time and fermentation water content. The three levels were set as follows: the mixed bacteria ratio of 1∶1, 1∶2, 2∶1; fermentation water content of 50%, 60%, 70%, by setting short-term (3 d, 5 d, 7 d) and long-term (10 d, 20 d, 30 d) fermentation of quinoa straw, the nutritional indicators of quinoa straw after fermentation were detected in different test groups, the dominant fermentation strains and fermentation process of quinoa straw were determined, and the treatment was optimized by response surface method to obtain the optimal fermentation process. The test results showed that when the fermentation conditions were set at a water content of 60%, a fermentation time of 30 days, and a ratio of 1∶2 of Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculants, the nutritional content of quinoa straw feed changed significantly. Long-term fermentation of quinoa straw feed by Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae had more significant benefits, and both short-term and long-term fermentation of quinoa straw feed by Lactobacillus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could promote it to a certain extent. In summary, the optimal fermentation process for quinoa straw feed was that the ratio of fermentation agents (Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was 1∶2, the water content was 60%, and the fermentation time was 30 days. At this time, the crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash contents of the quinoa straw feed were 14.68%, 3.67%, 24.37%, and 11.26% respectively, and the contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash were 14.69%, 3.71%, 24.36%, 11.22% respectively after optimization by response surface methodology.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Extract of Whitmania pigra on the retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors (RLRs) signaling pathway of HEK293 cell

CHEN Ziyi, HE Shengsheng, YAN Jingnan, WU Yirong, ZHANG Yuting, GAO Youling

2023, 35(12): 2830-2843. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221666

Abstract ( 116 )

HTML ( 8 )

PDF (3173KB) ( 470 )

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) signaling pathway plays pivotal roles in antiviral innate immune response. Whitmania pigra contains the bioactive substances with the function of anticoagulation, and mainly uses for thrombosis treatment. However, there was no research concerning the effect of substance origin from W. pigra on RLRs signaling pathway. The aims of the present study were to activate RLRs signaling pathway by using polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (Poly I∶C), and to determine the influence of extract from W.pigra(LE) on activated RLRs signaling pathway. 3 doses (1, 2, 4 μg·mL^-1) of Poly I∶C were transfected to HEK293 cell and lasted for 12, 24 and 48 h. The protein expression and mRNA transcription level of RIG-I were the indicators of activated RLRs signaling pathway. After activating RLRs signaling pathway, LE was used to treat HEK293 cell. 4 groups with triplicate were set. There were control, transfection with 2 μg·mL^-1 Poly I∶C, transfection with 2 μg·mL^-1 Poly I∶C and treatment with 150 μg·mL^-1 LE, transfection with 2 μg·mL^-1 Poly I∶C and treatment with 300 μg·mL^-1 LE. The treatment lasted for 24 and 48 h. The results showed that Poly I∶C transfection with 3 doses and durations reduced cell viability, and Poly I∶C transfection with 2 and 4 μg·mL^-1 Poly I∶C increased RIG-I protein expression significantly with 3 durations. At 24 and 48 h, RIG-I mRNA transcription level in HEK293 cell transfected with 4 μg·mL^-1 Poly I∶C was significantly increased. The dose of 2 μg·mL^-1 and durations of 24 h and 48 h were chosen to activate RLRs pathway in the following experiment. LE with 150 μg·mL^-1 counteracted the inhibited effect of Poly I∶C on cell viability. LE with 300 μg·mL^-1 reduced the protein expression level of RIG-I. Plus, Both 150 and 300 μg·mL^-1 LE inhibited interferon β mRNA transcription level and generation. In conclusion, Poly I∶C transfection succeed activating RLRs signaling pathway, as well as the extract from W. pigra promoted cell viability and inhibited interferon β generation of HEK293 cell.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Isolation, identification and histopathological study on oedema pathogen from cultured leech (Whitmania pigra)

TANG Yi, YANG Qinglin, WANG Wei, YUAN Yuan, DING Shihua, SUN Hanchang, LYU Hao

2023, 35(12): 2844-2853. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221774

Abstract ( 162 )

HTML ( 8 )

PDF (5402KB) ( 449 )

To identify the cause of the Whitmania pigra oedema bacteria disease outbreak and to provide new ideas for fishery medicine research, in the present study, the pathogenic bacterial strain (named CQ1808) was isolated from the body cavity fluid of the diseased leeches and bacterial examination, histopathology and antimicrobial drugs test were performed. The results demonstrated that CQ1808 strain was a Gram-negative short bacillus, and was naturally clustered with the 16S rDNA sequence of Citrobacter freundii by the BLAST search. The phylogenetic tree suggested that the strain was Citrobacter freundii. The antidrug profiles of the isolate showed that CQ1808 strain was highly sensitive to 21 antibiotics including aztreonam, ceftriaxone and cefoperazone; intermediately susceptible to 7 antibiotics including ceftazidime, cefazolin and kanamycin; resistant to 9 antibiotics including penicillin, cefuroxime and midecamycin. The symptoms of W. pigra artificially infected with CQ1808 strain were similar to naturally infected leeches. Histopathological analysis showed that the overall organizational structure of the naturally diseased leeches was abnormal and the most distinct pathological changes occurred in the crop. This study indicated that C. freundii was the causative agent of oedema in farmed leeches.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of different water treatments on growth and nutrient uptake of Actinidia valvata Dunn seedlings under substrate culture

CHEN Dagang, XU Kaiwei, PENG Dandan, YOU Haoyu, YANG Ran, LIAO Huiping, CHEN Yuanxue

2023, 35(12): 2854-2864. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221775

Abstract ( 160 )

HTML ( 17 )

PDF (1825KB) ( 408 )

In this study, Actinidia valvata Dunn rootstock seedlings were used as test materials, combined with the suitable material ratio of early kiwifruit under substrate culture (coconut bran∶peat∶perlite=2∶4∶4, volume ratio), 6 different moisture treatments were set at 20% (SMC-20%), 40% (SMC-40%), 60% (SMC-60%), 80% (SMC-80%), 100% (SMC-100%), 120% (SMC-120%) of the saturated moisture content (SMC). In order to screen out the water management scheme suitable for Actinidia valvata Dunn seedlings under substrate culture. The results showed that the seedling height, stem diameter, chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) value, dry matter accumulation, root activity, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulation were all better under SMC-100% treatment. Compared with other treatments, they averagely increased by 99.83%, 149.08%, 16.43%, 264.30%, 72.81%, 227.53%, 194.99%, 156.72%, 395.88%, 374.85%, 342.72%, respectively. Seedling growth indicators performed poorly under SMC-20% and SMC-40% treatments and were severely reduced compared with SMC-100% treatment. The performance of seedling growth index under SMC-60% and SMC-80% treatment was slightly lower than that under SMC-100% treatment. Although excessive water (i.e. SMC-120% treatment) had little effect on root growth, excessive irrigation caused nutrient loss in the substrate, resulting in decreased nutrient absorption capacity of seedlings, and poor above-ground growth of the seedlings. These results indicated that the kiwifruit seedlings under SMC-100% treatment had a better effect, and could be used as a suitable water management scheme for the substrate culture of Actinidia valvata Dunn seedlings.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study on the characteristics of different maturity of apricot plum Flavor Queen fruit

WANG Ruyue, LUO Shasha, ZHEN Ziyi, WU Jialong, XU Yeyong, SUN Yali, HU Xiaojing, HU Haifang

2023, 35(12): 2865-2877. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230049

Abstract ( 185 )

HTML ( 15 )

PDF (2312KB) ( 464 )

In order to understand the methods and standards for determining the different maturity of apricot plum, the Flavor Queen fruit of apricot plum was used as the test material. Based on the different growth and development stages of the fruit and the changes in various indicators, different maturity classification standards and methods for Flavor Queen were constructed. After the 71st day after the blooming period of Flavor Queen, continuously pick and measure indicators such as firmness with peel, firmness without peel, and soluble solid content every 3 days until the fruit naturally fell off. The results showed that with the extension of the growth and development period, indicators such as firmness with peel, firmness without peel, and soluble solid content showed significant regular changes. After comprehensive analysis of various indicators, using firmness with peel, firmness without peel, and soluble solid content as variables and different growth and development days of Flavor Queen as observation variables, cluster analysis showed that the clustering results could be divided into 5 levels of maturity. Principal component analysis showed that there were significant differences in quality between different maturity levels, and discriminant analysis was used to validate the clustering results. The results showed that clustering analysis could be used to classify fruits with different harvest maturity levels. By screening the contribution rates of each indicator, it can be concluded that measuring indicators such as firmness with peel, firmness without peel, solid acid ratio, and soluble solid content can achieve the purpose of distinguishing different maturity grading standards and methods for Flavor Queen. Based on different production needs, theoretical basis can be provided to determine the maturity suitable for fresh food, processing, storage, transportation, and long-distance sales.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Nysius graminicola (Kolenati, 1845)

LIN Xingyu, SONG Nan

2023, 35(12): 2878-2889. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230316

Abstract ( 152 )

HTML ( 8 )

PDF (2161KB) ( 392 )

To explore the mitochondrial genome of Nysius graminicola (Kolenati, 1845) and the phylogeny of Lygaeoidea, we newly sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of N. graminicola by using the next-generation sequencing method. In phylogenetic analyses, we selected 17 family including 52 exemplars of Lygaeoidea as ingroups. Two species of Coreoidea was used as outgroup. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The sequenced genome is a circular molecule of 16 760 bp in length (Genbank accession No.: OQ553818) which possesses 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and putative control regions as well. For most of the protein-coding genes the star codons were ATN except for nad2 using GTG and cox1using TTG as star codon. Most of the protein-coding genes terminated with the stop codon TAA, while cox1, cox2, nad3, cob and nad1 employed the incomplete T as the stop codon. All tRNA genes can be folded into a typical cloverleaf structure, with the except of the trnS1-AGN. The trnS1 lacks the DHU arm. Both phylogenetic inference methods showed largely identical tree topological structures. The families of Lygaeidae and Rhyparochromidae were non-monophyletic. However, the families of Pachygronthidae, Heterogastridae, Berytidae, Blissidae and Malcidae were monophyletic. In addition, N. graminicola is closely related to N. fuscovittatus.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics of polartaxic response of Locusta migratoria to linearly polarized spectrum light with polarization detection vector

LIU Qihang, ZHAO Huiyuan, ZOU Shengguang, ZHANG Pingchuan, ZHOU Qiang

2023, 35(12): 2890-2900. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230069

Abstract ( 130 )

HTML ( 5 )

PDF (22732KB) ( 297 )

To determine the regulation effect of linearly polarized spectrum light with polarization detection vector on the polartaxic response of locusts (Locusta migratoria), the self-made linearly polarized light modulation module and test device for the polarization response of locusts were adopted. The influence of illuminance of linearly polarized spectrum on the polarization response of locusts was also examined to determine the sensitivity mode of locusts. It was shown that the polartaxic response of locusts presented chord function response characteristics to polarization detection vectors with clockwise and anticlockwise direction, and the spectral properties determined the specific sensitivity of locusts. The linearly polarized spectrum intensity affected the sensitive polartaxic vision distance vector of locusts. At 100 lx, the induced polartaxic aggregation response sensitivity of locusts by polarized violet spectrum was stronger, while the induced visual trend sensitivity by polarized ultraviolet spectrum was stronger. At 1 000 lx or under the same light energy, the induced polartaxic response sensitivy of locusts by polarized violet spectrum was stronger. With the changes of illuminance of linearly polarized light, the sensitive polartaxic vector mode of locusts was reset: the changes of illuminance of the linearly polarized violet light had enhancement effect, the changes of illuminance of the linearly polarized ultraviolet light had regulatory effect, while the changes of illuminance of the linearly polarized blue, green light had inhibition effect. Moreover, the antagonism sensitivity of locusts to the polarization detection vector (±180°, 0° and±90°) was related to the illuminance of the linearly polarized spectrum. The inhibition effect of the weak polarization detection light under±90°, and the reinforcing effect of the strong polarization detection light under±180° and 0° were related to the illuminance or the light distance stimulus of linearly polarized spectrum. At 1 000 lx, the polartaxic response sensitivity of locusts was the strongest under±90° with violet spectrum, followed by orange spectrum under±180°. Under the same light energy, the polartaxic aggregation response sensitivity and the visual trend of locusts were the strongest under±180° with violet spectrum, followed by the same spectrum under 0°. These findings could provide references to reveal the mechanism of polarization response of locusts, and to guide the invention of the new light for the control of locusts.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Active organic carbon, microbial community structure and their relationship in rice rhizosphere soil of rice-crayfish co-culture systems

HAO Liuliu, DAI Lili, PENG Liang, CHEN Siyuan, TAO Ling, LI Gu, ZHANG Hui

2023, 35(12): 2901-2913. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221841

Abstract ( 203 )

HTML ( 15 )

PDF (2452KB) ( 397 )

In order to investigate the dynamic transformation of soil active organic carbon and the potential mechanism in rice-crayfish co-culture systems, the variations of soil active organic carbon contents and microbial communities in rice rhizosphere were examined with the rice monoculture (MR) and rice-crayfish co-culture (CR) systems, and samples were collected at the tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage of rice. It was shown that compared with the MR system, the contents of total organic carbon and particulate organic carbon in rice rhizosphere soil were significantly(P<0.05) increased in the CR system at the tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage of rice, and the contents of labile organic carbon at the heading stage and the maturity stage and microbial biomass carbon at the tillering stage were also significantly increased, but the contents of dissolved organic carbon at the heading stage and the maturity stage stage were significantly decreased in the CR system. Principle component analysis results showed that the microbial communities in the CR system were different from those in the MR system. The abundances of unclassified_Anaerolineaceae at the heading stage and unclassified_Steroidobacteraceae at the tillering stage and the heading stage in the CR systems were sginificantly increased by 93.53%, 120.85% and 389.79%, respectively, compared with the MR system. Metabolism pathways analysis result indicated that the pathways such as carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotesand and methane metabolism in the CR systems were significantly higher than those in the MR systems. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis results showed that there were significant correlations within rhizosphere active organic carbon contents and microbial community composition, among which, the particulate organic carbon content might have an important effect on the microbial composition.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of organic fertilizer and magnesium ammonium phosphate made from feces and urine on Chrysanthemum coronarium

LIU Chuang, WANG Chaojun, MA Xingguan, JIANG Yue, WU Zhibo, ZHANG Li, FU Jinxiang

2023, 35(12): 2914-2922. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221599

Abstract ( 135 )

HTML ( 8 )

PDF (927KB) ( 413 )

To investigate the effect of feces fermentation products (organic fertilizer) made by ultra-high temperature aerobic fermentation process, magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP for short) and coated slow-release magnesium ammonium phosphate (CSMAP for short) made from urine on Chrysanthemum coronarium, a pot experiment was conducted with 8 treatments, including application of compound fertilizer (T1), compound fertilizer+organic fertilizer (T2), CSMAP (T3), CSMAP+organic fertilizer (T4), MAP (T5), MAP+organic fertilizer (T6), organic fertilizer (T7), and no fertilizer (CK). It was shown that the plant heigh, stem length, biomass (fresh weight and dry weight), yield, nitrogen accumulation, vitamin C content of C. coronarium were significantly (P<0.05) lower under T3, T5 treatments than those under T1 treatment. On the basis of T1, T3, T5 treatments, co-application of organic fertilizer (T2, T4, T6 treatments) significantly increased the fresh weight, root length, yield, nitrogen accumualtion, phosphorus accumulation, soluble sugar content and vitamin C content of C. coronarium accordingly, and the increasement was the highest under T4 treatment. By comparison, the plant height, root length, yield, phosphorus accumulation, soluble sugar content, vitamin C content of C. coronarium were not significanlt lower under T4 treatment than those under T2 treatments. Therefore, the CSMAP made from urine could replace compound fertilizer in the cultivation of C. coronarium. When CSMAP was applied with the organic fertilizer made from feces, the problem of slow nutrient release in the early stage of CSMAP could be solved, and it could realize the resource utilization of feces and urine.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Differences in physicochemical properties of polyphenols from walnut pellicle with different colors and proteins from walnut kernel

ZHANG Yan, MA Jiahui, WANG Wei, REN Liqiu, LI Xiaoqin, ZHU Jianjin, CHENG Xiangrong

2023, 35(12): 2923-2934. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230706

Abstract ( 157 )

HTML ( 9 )

PDF (2863KB) ( 405 )

To investigate the differences in the physicochemical properties of polyphenols from walnut pellicle with different colors and proteins from walnut kernel, according to LY/T 1922—2010 Walnut kernel, the walnut kernels were sorted by pellicle color into 3 categories, light, light amber and amber; and the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in walnut pellicle of different colors were evaluated, and the material composition of the extracts from walnut pellicle was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, walnut protein isolate was extracted by alkali-solution and acid-isolation, and the differences in protein oxidation level and physicochemical properties of different colors of walnut kernel were explored. The results showed that with the deepening of the walnut pellicle color, the polyphenol content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging ability of walnut pellicle decreased significantly (P<0.05); the polyphenol content of walnut pellicle with color from light to dark was (308.49±13.43), (296.86±4.95), (271.19±16.32) mg·g^-1. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that there were differences in the composition of compounds in extracts of different color walnut pellicles. Among them, the material composition in the light and light amber walnut pellicle extracts was similar, and it was different from the amber pellicle. In addition, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the protein content of defatted walnut kernel powder with different colors of walnut kernels, ranging from 722.89 mg·g^-1 to 974.50 mg·g^-1. As the color of the kernel pellicle deepened, the free sulfhydryl content of walnut protein isolate gradually decreased [from (20.65±3.72) μmol·g^-1 decreased to (11.28±1.51) μmol·g^-1], and the carbonyl content gradually increased [from (3.42±0.35) μmol·g^-1 increased to (4.61±0.13) μmol·g^-1); and the solubility, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, foaming property and foam stability of walnut protein isolate from light kernel were significantly (P<0.05) better than those of amber kernel, while the emulsification and emulsification stability of walnut protein isolate from amber kernel were significantly (P<0.05) better than those of light and light amber kernel. This study provided a theoretical basis for the scientific classification of walnut kernels and the rational development and utilization of walnut kernels with different colors.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots-chitosan composite film and its preservation effect on strawberry

ZHANG Xinyue, YANG Yucheng, DUAN Haoyue, ZHOU Yangjie, HUANG Jiayang, CHEN Ziyue, JIANG Jie, CHEN Shujuan

2023, 35(12): 2935-2943. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221163

Abstract ( 173 )

HTML ( 8 )

PDF (5756KB) ( 365 )

In order to invent a safe and efficient composite film for the preservation of strawberry, which could extend the shelf life, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots were prepared by hydrothermal method using bitter bamboo shoots hull as raw material. The prepared nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots were used as bacterial inhibitor, to produce a composite film with chitosan as the film-forming material. The inhibition effects of the mass fraction of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots in the composite film against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated as well as the effect on quality indexes during the storage of strawberry. It was shown that the prepared nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots had photocatalytic inhibition effect, and the inhibition effect against E. coli and S. aureus increased with the increase of mass fraction of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots in the composite film. The nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots-chitosan composite film showed good preservation effects on strawberry, as it could reduce the weight loss and decay rate of strawberry, and delay the consumption and transformation of nutrients such as soluble solids and ascorbic acid in fruits. When the mass fraction of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots in the composite film was 5%, its preservation effect was the best under the experiment conditions.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of Staphylococcus simulans ZSJ6 inoculation and addition of celery powder on the contents of nitrite and biogenic amine in fermented sausage

ZHAO Saisai, NING Xibin

2023, 35(12): 2944-2953. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221818

Abstract ( 148 )

HTML ( 8 )

PDF (1625KB) ( 366 )

Staphylococcus simulans ZSJ6 and celery powder was inoculated as a natural source of nitrite instead of artificially added nitrite. The S. simulans ZSJ6 and celery powder inoculated with fermented sausage were used as the experimental group, and the fermented sausage with 150 mg·kg^-1 sodium nitrite and without sodium nitrite were used as the control group, respectively. The pH value, water activity (Aw), color parameter, thiobarbituric acid, total bacterial count, nitrite and biogenic amine content in fermented sausage were determined to explore the effects of S. simulans ZSJ6 on the quality and safety of fermented sausage. The results showed that the fermentor group inoculated with S. simulans ZSJ6 was able to significantly reduce the pH value in fermented sausage (P<0.05), which also led to a significantly faster reduction of Aw in fermented sausages (P<0.05), improved the color of fermented sausage, and inhibited the increase of thiobarbituric acid value and coliform bacteria. The nitrite content in the fermentor group was 7.35 mg·kg^-1, which was obviously lower than that of 25.57 mg·kg^-1 in the positive control group (P<0.05), and it also inhibited the accumulation of biogenic amine content. Therefore, S. simulans ZSJ6 and celery powder can be used as natural nitrite sources to reduce the nitrite content of meat products and control the accumulation of harmful biogenic amines. It can greatly improve the safety of fermented sausage.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Design and experiment of longitudinal-axial flow flexible bent-tooth soybean thresher

TAN Yunfeng, CHEN Lin, HU Sen, WANG Jian, CHEN Zhifan, LYU Xiaorong

2023, 35(12): 2954-2965. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221751

Abstract ( 158 )

HTML ( 3 )

PDF (5054KB) ( 325 )

In order to solve the problems of the soybean threshing device, which is easy to jam in the process of harvest, high grain loss rate and breakage rate, a longitudinal axial flow flexible bent tooth threshing device for soybean was designed. This paper expounded the structure and working principle of flexible threshing element and passive rotatable concave screen, conducted the stress analysis of threshing bent teeth, and then verified the contact force analysis between flexible threshing element and grains by the coupling simulation test of EDEM and Recurdyn. The effects of roller speed, threshing gap and feeding amount on threshing efficiency were investigated by response surface optimization experiments, and a multiple quadratic regression model with average grain entrained loss rate and breakage rate as response values was established. The results showed that when the roller speed was 366.65 r·min^-1, the concave clearance combination was 20.78 mm×15.78 mm and the feeding amount was 1.286 kg·s^-1, the threshing device had an optimal threshing performance, in which the grain entrainment loss rate was 1.767% and the damage rate was 0.713%. The field test was verified to meet the actual operation requirements.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Estimation of above-ground biomass of winter wheat based on vegetation indexes and texture features of multispectral images captured by unmanned aerial vehicle

ZHU Yongji, TAO Xinyu, CHEN Xiaofang, SU Xiangxiang, LIU Jikai, LI Xinwei

2023, 35(12): 2966-2976. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221748

Abstract ( 212 )

HTML ( 12 )

PDF (1532KB) ( 461 )

In order to achieve efficient non-destructive monitoring of winter wheat biomass, a field experiment was carried out from 2020 to 2021. Multispectral images were collected at 6 key growth stages by DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral (P4M) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The correlations within the above-ground biomass (AGB) of winter wheat, vegeatation indexes and texture features of the multispectral images were analyzed, the characteristic variables were screened, and the linear regression, partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest (RF) methods were used to construct biomass estimation models with different combinations of characteristic variables. It was shown that the correlation between vegetation index and winter wheat AGB was higher than that between texture feature and winter wheat AGB. The combination of vegetation index and texture feature could effectively reduce the spectral saturation at growth stages, and improve the estimation accuracy. For the AGB estimation based on linear regression with the screened characteristic variable(s), the performace at booting and mature stages was good; while for the the AGB estimation based on PLSR and RF, the performance at heading stage was good. In general, texture features coupled with vegetation indexes could effectively improve the estimation accuracy of winter wheat AGB. Estimation of winter wheat AGB via consumer-grade UAV was feasible at small and medium scales.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Identification and application of walnut disease based on CA-MobileNet-V2

LI Rongpeng, MAMAT Sawut, SHENG Yanfang, HE Xugang

2023, 35(12): 2977-2987. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221763

Abstract ( 171 )

HTML ( 10 )

PDF (7047KB) ( 451 )

Disease invasion is one of the important factors restricting the high-quality development of walnut. In order to realize intelligent disease identification in the field, this study designed a walnut disease identification model. The model used Mobilenet-V2 as the basic network skeleton, and added a coordinate attention mechanism to the inverted residual structure to make up for the lack of location information during feature extraction. In addition, this study designed a mixed transfer training method, which combined cross-domain and intra-domain to avoid the adverse effects of separate transfer learning. The results showed that: 1) The mixed transfer had the best effect on improving the model, and the highest accuracy rate was increased by 18.57 percentage points. 2) The average identification accuracy of the model was 96.97%, the model parameter size was 3.95 M, and the memory occupancy was 10.50 MB. Compared with Mobilenet-V3-Large, ShuffulNet-V2 and EfficientNet-V2-S, the identification accuracy was increased by 4.39, 6.63 and 4.31 percentage points, respectively, and the parameter size and memory occupation were keep small. 3) Compared with SE (squeeze-and-excitation) and CBAM (convolutional block attention module), the coordinate attention mechanism could improve the model’s attention to the region of interest. Therefore, the model could be used to develop an Android application and deploy it on the mobile terminal, and provide a new method for intelligent identification of walnut disease.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Connotation and mechanism of comprehensive land consolidation from the perspective of “One Thousand Demonstration Villages and Rectification of Ten Thousand Villages” project: a case study of comprehensive land consolidation in Zhejiang Province, China

HE Youyong, XU Hanliang, YU Zhoulu, QIU Lefeng, QIU Wenxin, WANG Ke

2023, 35(12): 2988-2998. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230043

Abstract ( 370 )

HTML ( 33 )

PDF (2965KB) ( 411 )

The purposes of this article are to analyze the connotation and characteristics of comprehensive land consolidation and “One Thousand Demonstration Villages and Rectification of Ten Thousand Villages” project and reveal the path of promoting the “One Thousand Demonstration Villages and Rectification of Ten Thousand Villages” project through comprehensive land consolidation. Based on the successful cases of comprehensive land consolidation since the implementation of the “One Thousand Demonstration Villages and Rectification of Ten Thousand Villages” project, we summed up various models of comprehensive land consolidation, analyzed the implementation contradictions, and put forward relevant suggestions. They will help build beautiful villages, promote rural revitalization and achieve common prosperity in the new era. The study found that the “One Thousand Demonstration Villages and Rectification of Ten Thousand Villages” project was consistent with the comprehensive land consolidation in terms of connotation and objectives. The comprehensive land consolidation provide support for the implementation of rural spatial resource allocation, transformation of economic development mode, and improvement of the quality of human settlements. Under different conditions, the comprehensive land consolidation has formed corresponding models, which will promote the coordinated implementation and development of the “One Thousand Demonstration Villages and Rectification of Ten Thousand Villages” project in the future. Comprehensive land consolidation will play an important role in protecting and utilizing rural land resources, realizing rural revitalization and promoting common prosperity.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Spatio-temporal evolution of synergistic development of rural finance and rural economy in China

LI Haiyang, FU Jingran, YANG Min, HAN Xuhan, LIAN Wenting, ZHU Dezhang, TIAN Tianmingzi

2023, 35(12): 2999-3010. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230187

Abstract ( 143 )

HTML ( 8 )

PDF (1080KB) ( 269 )

In order to reveal the synergistic high-quality relationship between rural finance and economy development, the spatiotemporal evolution was examined by calculating the high-quality development indexes of rural finance and economy development in 31 provincial administrative regions in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan) during 2010-2019 and by employing exploratory spatiotemporal data analysis and a coupling coordination degree model. The high-quality levels of rural finance and economy development showed a graded descending pattern from east to west in the 31 provincial administrative regions, and the co-variation trend of the two showed a south-north differentiation regarding the local spatial structure. The synergistic evolutionary process between rural finance and the rural economy was stable and had no antagonistic relationship, and a spatial agglomeration pattern of coupling coordination degree formed gradually. The results showed the benefits of adopting an inter-regional collaborative development mode, optimising the spatial support system and consolidating strengths and addressing weak links to pursue simultaneous and coordinated development efforts. The findings provided feedback for the synergistic high-quality development of rural finance and rural economy.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Archive