关键词: 草莓, 倍性, 农艺性状, 营养品质, 花药活力, 柱头可授性

Abstract: In order to effectively utilize the strawberry germplasm resources and improve the success rate of interspecific hybridization, comparative studies on the characteristics of different ploidy strawberry varieties were carried out. The agronomic traits of diploid RG, octoploid Benihoppe, decaploid Tokun were observed in the field; Nutritional qualities of vitamin C (V_C), titratable acid, soluble solid, soluble total sugar, polyphenols, flavonoids, etc. were determined; Antioxidant capacity of DPPH and FRAP was determined; Anther activity was determined by TTC staining; Stigma receptivity was determined by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method. The results showed significant differences in plant height, fruit color and flavor, average single fruit weight, hardness and other agronomic traits. RG fully displayed the characteristics of rich nutrients including nutrient quality and antioxidant properties in wild resources. RG had higher content of V_C, titratable acid, soluble solids, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of DPPH and FRAP than Benihoppe and Tokun. The results of TTC staining showed that Tokun had the strongest anther vigor and longest duration, followed by Benihoppe. The anther vigor peaks of’ Tokun and Benihoppe occurred in the big bud stage and 1^st day after flowering, while RG had only a few viable anthers in the bud stage, but no anther activity was detected in the other stages. The results of benzidine-hydrogen peroxide assay showed that stigma receptivity of Benihoppe and Tokun was the strongest at big bud stage and 1^st day after flowering. RG produced a small amount of bubbles in the stigmas of big bud stage, 1^st day, 2^nd day and 3^rd day after flowering, but its receptivity was weak. Stigmas at other flowering stages were not receptive. When RG was used as the male parent, the anther collection should be controlled at the bud stage. When RG was used as the female parent, enough pollen was needed and the pollination time should be from the bud stage to the 3^rd day of flowering. Benihoppe was an important parent material for variety improvement due to its outstanding quality and excellent comprehensive performance. Tokun could be used as an important resource for the improvement of characteristic varieties and interspecific hybridization because of its excellent appearance and peach-like aroma.

Key words: strawberry, ploidy, agronomic traits, nutritional quality, anther viability, stigma receptivity