两种可食用玫瑰生物碱代谢物差异分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.03.10

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 454-463.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.03.10

两种可食用玫瑰生物碱代谢物差异分析

钱晓慧, 陈龙清, 李双琴, 施蕊^*()

西南林业大学园林园艺学院,云南省功能性花卉资源及产业化技术工程研究中心,云南昆明 650224

收稿日期:2020-08-10 出版日期:2021-04-02 发布日期:2021-03-25
通讯作者: 施蕊
作者简介:*, 施蕊,E-mail: renee27@foxmail.com
钱晓慧(1996—),女,云南建水人,硕士研究生,主要从事风景园林植物资源与运用研究。E-mail: 1611431392@qq.com
基金资助:
云南省千人计划高端外国专家专项(000019);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2019Y0147)

Analysis on alkaloids metabolites of two edible roses

QIAN Xiaohui, CHEN Longqing, LI Shuangqin, SHI Rui^*()

Functional Flower Resources of Yunnan Province and Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

Received:2020-08-10 Online:2021-04-02 Published:2021-03-25
Contact: SHI Rui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以云南滇红玫瑰(ZY)与墨红玫瑰(DH)两种云南主要的食用花卉品种为研究对象,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法比较两种玫瑰花次生代谢产物的差异性。结果表明,两种花瓣中共检测到82种代谢产物,包括55种氨基酸及其衍生物(67.07%)、16种生物碱(19.51%)、7种酚胺(8.54%)、4种吲哚类生物碱(4.88%),其中滇红玫瑰中谷胱甘肽含量是墨红玫瑰的26.35倍,具有较强的抗氧化能力;而L-天冬酰胺和S-(5'-腺苷)-L-高半胱氨酸却是墨红玫瑰中特有的物质,具有显著的降血压作用。与墨红玫瑰相比,滇红玫瑰15种差异代谢物显著下调,表明墨红玫瑰较滇红玫瑰有较高的营养保健功能,而滇红玫瑰高表达成分使其具有更强的抗氧化能力。

关键词: 食用玫瑰, 次生代谢产物, 多元统计分析

Abstract:

Rosa gallica L. cv. Dianhong (ZY) rose and Rosa chinensis Jacq. cv. Crimson Glory (DH) are the main edible rose varieties in Yunnan. In this research, the UPLC-MS/MS method was used to detect the secondary metabolites of these two types of roses. The results showed that a total of 82 metabolites were detected in the two petals, including 55 kinds of amino acids and its derivatives (67.07%), 16 kinds of alkaloids (19.51%), 7 kinds of phenolamine (8.54%), 4 kinds of plumerane (4.88%). Glutathione in ZY was 26.35 times higher than that in DH, which had stronger antioxidant capacity. However, L-asparagine and S-(5'-adenosy)-L-homocysteine were unique substances in DH, which had a significant hypotensive effect. Compared with the DH, 15 metabolites were significantly down-regulated in ZY, which indicated that DH had more nutrition and healthcare functional substances, meanwhile, the unique ingredients of ZY made it have stronger antioxidant capacity.

Key words: eatable rose, secondary metabolites, multivariate statistical analysis

中图分类号:

钱晓慧, 陈龙清, 李双琴, 施蕊. 两种可食用玫瑰生物碱代谢物差异分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(3): 454-463.

QIAN Xiaohui, CHEN Longqing, LI Shuangqin, SHI Rui. Analysis on alkaloids metabolites of two edible roses[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(3): 454-463.

图/表 8

图1 各组样本的二维和三维主成分分析 ZY代表滇红,DH代表墨红,Mix01、Mix02和Mix03代表滇红和墨红提取物等量混合制备的样本。

Fig.1 2D PCA and 3D PCA of each sample ZY represented Rosa gallica L. cv. Dianhong, DH represented Rosa chinensis Jacq.cv. Crimson Glory, Mix01, Mix02 and Mix03 represented equivalent mixtures sample of ZY and DH.

表1 滇红( ZY )和墨红( DH )玫瑰中所有主成分分析结果

Table 1 All PCA results in DH and ZY

名称Name	成分1 PC1	成分2 PC2	成分3 PC3	成分4 PC4	成分5 PC5
ZY	-9.16	4.36	1.39	0.15	-4.48×10^-16
DH	9.49	2.37	3.55	-0.17	-4.32×10^-16
Mix01	-3.06	-5.83	3.00	0.63	2.83×10^-15
Mix02	2.20	0.01	-4.53	3.15	1.58×10^-15
Mix03	0.54	-0.91	-3.41	-3.75	2.12×10^-15

图2 所有样本中鉴定出的不同类型代谢物的数量

Fig.2 Number of different types of metabolites identified in all samples

图3 DH、ZH和Mix代谢热图列表示不同样本,行表示不同代谢物;颜色深浅表示相关系数的值。

Fig.3 Heat map of DH, ZH and Mix The columns represented different samples and the rows represented different metabolites; the depth of color represented the value of the correlation coefficient.

图4 ZY与DH相比差异倍数大的前20种代谢物绿色表示下调差异代谢物,红色表示上调差异代谢物,数值表示差异倍数。

Fig.4 The top 20 metabolites with fold change between ZY and DH Green represented down-regulated differential metabolites, red represented up-regulated differential metabolites, and the value represented the multiple of difference.

表2 滇红( ZY )和墨红( DH )玫瑰中的显著代谢物

Table 2 The significantly different metabolites in DH and ZY

序号 No.	化合物 Compounds	滇红 ZY/s^-1	墨红 DH/s^-1	差异倍数值 Fold change	代谢物分组 Grouping of metabolites	调控类型 Regulation type
1	L-天冬酰胺L-Asparagine	—	1.34×10⁷	6.73×10^-7	DH	下调Down
2	烟酸甲酯	3.93×10⁵	7.23×10⁶	5.43×10^-2	ZY、DH	下调Down
	Nicotinic Acid Methyl Ester(Methyl Nicotinate)
3	L-(-)-苏氨酸 L-(-)-Threonine	5.88×10⁵	2.23×10⁶	2.63×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
4	L-(+)-精氨酸 L-(+)-Arginine	1.37×10⁶	6.55×10⁶	2.09×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
5	N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine	3.46×10⁴	1.35×10⁴	2.56	ZY、DH	上调Up
6	O-乙酰丝氨酸O-Acetylserine	1.41×10⁵	3.06×10⁵	4.61×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
7	DL-2-氨基己二酸DL-2-Aminoadipic acid	7.49×10⁵	1.86×10⁶	4.02×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
8	D-(-)-缬氨酸 D-(-)-Valine	1.45×10⁶	2.99×10⁶	4.84×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
9	L-瓜氨酸 L-Citrulline	2.09×10⁵	5.04×10⁵	4.14×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
10	L-谷氨酸L-Glutamic acid	1.61×10⁶	1.04×10⁷	1.54×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
11	L-(+)-赖氨酸L-(+)-Lysine	4.09×10⁵	1.65×10⁶	2.48×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
12	DL-高半胱氨酸DL-Homocysteine	8.19×10³	1.85×10⁴	4.42×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
13	N6-乙酰-L-赖氨酸N6-Acetyl-L-lysine	5.29×10⁵	2.16×10⁶	2.45×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
14	甘氨酰-L-脯氨酸Glycyl-L-proline	2.53×10⁴	7.20×10⁴	3.52×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
15	L-谷氨酰胺L-Glutamine	5.14×10⁵	2.42×10⁶	2.12×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
16	谷胱甘肽Glutathione	1.09×10⁶	4.12×10⁴	2.64×10¹	ZY、DH	上调Up
17	S-(5'-腺苷)-L-高半胱氨酸	—	6.92×10⁴	1.30×10^-4	DH	下调Down
	S-(5'-Adenosy)-L-homocysteine
18	3-羟丙基棕榈酸酯葡萄糖胺	3.61×10⁶	1.05×10⁶	3.45	ZY、DH	上调Up
	3-Hydroxypropyl palmitate glc-glucosamine

表2 滇红( ZY )和墨红( DH )玫瑰中的显著代谢物

Table 2 The significantly different metabolites in DH and ZY

序号 No.	化合物 Compounds	滇红 ZY/s^-1	墨红 DH/s^-1	差异倍数值 Fold change	代谢物分组 Grouping of metabolites	调控类型 Regulation type
1	L-天冬酰胺L-Asparagine	—	1.34×10⁷	6.73×10^-7	DH	下调Down
2	烟酸甲酯	3.93×10⁵	7.23×10⁶	5.43×10^-2	ZY、DH	下调Down
	Nicotinic Acid Methyl Ester(Methyl Nicotinate)
3	L-(-)-苏氨酸 L-(-)-Threonine	5.88×10⁵	2.23×10⁶	2.63×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
4	L-(+)-精氨酸 L-(+)-Arginine	1.37×10⁶	6.55×10⁶	2.09×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
5	N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine	3.46×10⁴	1.35×10⁴	2.56	ZY、DH	上调Up
6	O-乙酰丝氨酸O-Acetylserine	1.41×10⁵	3.06×10⁵	4.61×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
7	DL-2-氨基己二酸DL-2-Aminoadipic acid	7.49×10⁵	1.86×10⁶	4.02×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
8	D-(-)-缬氨酸 D-(-)-Valine	1.45×10⁶	2.99×10⁶	4.84×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
9	L-瓜氨酸 L-Citrulline	2.09×10⁵	5.04×10⁵	4.14×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
10	L-谷氨酸L-Glutamic acid	1.61×10⁶	1.04×10⁷	1.54×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
11	L-(+)-赖氨酸L-(+)-Lysine	4.09×10⁵	1.65×10⁶	2.48×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
12	DL-高半胱氨酸DL-Homocysteine	8.19×10³	1.85×10⁴	4.42×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
13	N6-乙酰-L-赖氨酸N6-Acetyl-L-lysine	5.29×10⁵	2.16×10⁶	2.45×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
14	甘氨酰-L-脯氨酸Glycyl-L-proline	2.53×10⁴	7.20×10⁴	3.52×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
15	L-谷氨酰胺L-Glutamine	5.14×10⁵	2.42×10⁶	2.12×10^-1	ZY、DH	下调Down
16	谷胱甘肽Glutathione	1.09×10⁶	4.12×10⁴	2.64×10¹	ZY、DH	上调Up
17	S-(5'-腺苷)-L-高半胱氨酸	—	6.92×10⁴	1.30×10^-4	DH	下调Down
	S-(5'-Adenosy)-L-homocysteine
18	3-羟丙基棕榈酸酯葡萄糖胺	3.61×10⁶	1.05×10⁶	3.45	ZY、DH	上调Up
	3-Hydroxypropyl palmitate glc-glucosamine

图5 KEGG富集统计图圆点的大小表示富集的差异代谢物的数量,颜色表示显著值,富集因子表示在对应通路中差异表达的代谢物的个数与该通路检测注释到的代谢物总数的比值。

Fig.5 Statistic of KEGG enrichment The size of the dot indicated the amount of enriched metabolites, the color indicated the significant value, and the enrichment factor indicated that the ratio of the number of metabolites differentially expressed in the corresponding pathway to the total number of metabolites detected and annotated by the pathway.

图6 氨基酸生物合成途径中DH和ZH的差异代谢物图绿色实线代表显著下调差异代谢物,蓝色虚线代表检测到但无显著变化差异代谢物。

Fig.6 Differential metabolites in Biosynthesis of amino acids pathways in DH and ZY Green lines represented significant down-regulated differential metabolites, blue dotted line represented the detected metabolites with no significant difference.

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两种可食用玫瑰生物碱代谢物差异分析

Analysis on alkaloids metabolites of two edible roses

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