不同施肥方式下氯吡脲对藤稔葡萄生长和品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.10.11

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 1879-1888.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.10.11

不同施肥方式下氯吡脲对藤稔葡萄生长和品质的影响

宋雯¹(), 王强¹, 张佳², 柳采秀¹, 张楠², 陈丽萍¹, 聂东兴², 姚海利¹, 苍涛¹^,^*()

1.浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所/农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(杭州)/浙江省农药残留检测与控制研究重点实验室,浙江杭州 310021
2.农业农村部农药检定所,北京 100125

收稿日期:2021-01-28 出版日期:2021-10-25 发布日期:2021-11-02
通讯作者: 苍涛
作者简介:*苍涛,E-mail: ct1981@sohu.com
宋雯(1984—),女,江苏常州人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事农药应用与农产品质量安全风险评估。E-mail: 125164084@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1605600);国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP2019039);国家自然科学基金青年项目(31401780)

Effects of forchlorfenuron on growth and quality of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications

SONG Wen¹(), WANG Qiang¹, ZHANG Jia², LIU Caixiu¹, ZHANG Nan², CHEN Liping¹, NIE Dongxing², YAO Haili¹, CANG Tao¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Risk Assessment Lab for Agricultural Products(Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125,China

Received:2021-01-28 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-11-02
Contact: CANG Tao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同施肥方式下氯吡脲对葡萄生长和品质的影响,以藤稔葡萄为材料,采用二因素(施肥方式、氯吡脲剂量)随机区组设计,评价不同处理对葡萄生长、产量、品质和残留等的影响。结果表明,施肥和使用氯吡脲均能使葡萄果实显著膨大,增加百粒重和穗质量,高浓度氯吡脲(50mg·kg^-1)对藤稔葡萄的增产作用有限。施肥可显著影响葡萄大小粒指数。氯吡脲用量显著影响穗梗直径和穗梗木栓化程度,肥料充足处理下的穗梗木栓化程度轻于无肥料处理。葡萄品质同时受施肥方式和氯吡脲用量的影响,高浓度氯吡脲处理下,肥料供给充足时,糖酸比在所有处理中最低;在无肥料供给时,可溶性固形物和总黄酮含量最低。所有处理采收期均未检出氯吡脲残留。雷达图综合分析结果表明,氯吡脲用量为10 mg·kg^-1和20 mg·kg^-1,配合充足的肥料,藤稔葡萄生长、产量和品质等较好,且各指标的均衡性最佳。说明藤稔葡萄生产上可以使用氯吡脲膨果,但宜在肥料充足的条件下使用,且不可随意加大用量。

关键词: 氯吡脲, 肥料, 藤稔葡萄, 木栓化, 糖酸比

Abstract:

This study investigated effects of forchlorfenuron on growth and quality of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications to explore the preferable treatment. A two-factor randomized block design with three replications was employed. The factors were fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations. The results showed that fertilization and forchlorfenuron had significant effects on berry size, 100-berry weight and bunch weight of Fujiminori grape. Nevertheless, high concentration of forchlorfenuron (50 mg·kg^-1) was of limited effect on yield components. Fertilizer application was the main factor increasing the grain size uniformity index. Meanwhile, forchlorfenuron concentrations had the main effect on the stem diameter and stem suberization index, but adequate fertilizers could alleviate the side effect of stem suberization. Both fertilizer and forchlorfenuron could significantly affect fruit quality of Fujiminori grape. Under 50 mg·kg^-1forchlorfenuron treatment, the lowest ratio of sugar to acid was observed in the adequate fertilizer application; the lowest contents of soluble solids and total flavonoids were detected in the no fertilizer application. When Fujiminori grape berries were ripe, the forchlorfenuron residue of grape berries of all the treatments decreased to below the detection limit.The radar chart was drawn with six representative evaluating indicators after dimensionless processed,which showed that treatments of 10 mg·kg^-1 and 20 mg·kg^-1forchlorfenuron based on adequate fertilizer had the strong advantages in grape growth, yield and quality, and their indices were in a good equilibrium. This study indicated that the adequate fertilizer application was more effective than using forchlorfenuron only in grape production. In addition, the applied forchlorfenuron dosage exceeding the maximum registered dosage was not recommended.

Key words: forchlorfenuron, fertilizer, Fujiminori grape, stem suberization, sugar-acid ratio

中图分类号:

S965.125

宋雯, 王强, 张佳, 柳采秀, 张楠, 陈丽萍, 聂东兴, 姚海利, 苍涛. 不同施肥方式下氯吡脲对藤稔葡萄生长和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(10): 1879-1888.

SONG Wen, WANG Qiang, ZHANG Jia, LIU Caixiu, ZHANG Nan, CHEN Liping, NIE Dongxing, YAO Haili, CANG Tao. Effects of forchlorfenuron on growth and quality of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(10): 1879-1888.

图/表 13

表1 试验设计

Table 1 Experimental design

处理 Treatment	施肥方式 Fertilizer application	氯吡脲Forchlorfenuron(0.1% CPPU SL)
处理 Treatment	施肥方式 Fertilizer application	稀释倍数 Dilution ratio/times	有效成分用量 Dosage of active ingredients/(mg·kg^-1)
A1B1	充足肥料供给Adequate	20	50
A1B2	充足肥料供给Adequate	50	20
A1B3	充足肥料供给Adequate	100	10
A1B4	充足肥料供给Adequate	0	0
A2B1	无肥料供给None	20	50
A2B2	无肥料供给None	50	20
A2B3	无肥料供给None	100	10
A2B4	无肥料供给None	0	0

表2 葡萄大小粒分级标准和穗梗木栓化分级标准

Table 2 Grading standard of grain size uniformity and fruit stem suberization

分级 Grade	葡萄大小粒 Grainsize uniformity	穗梗木栓化 Stem suberization
0级 Grade 0	无大小粒现象 None	无木栓化现象 None
1级 Grade 1	小粒不超过全穗10% Small berries≤10%	轻微木栓化 Slight
2级 Grade 2	小粒不超过全穗40% Small berries≤40%	中等木栓化 Medium
3级 Grade 3	小粒不超过全穗60% Small berries≤60%	严重木栓化 Serious
4级 Grade 4	小粒超过全穗60% Small berries>60%	—

表3 不同施肥方式与氯吡脲用量处理的藤稔葡萄大小粒、穗梗直径和穗梗木栓化水平

Table 3 Grain size uniformity index, stem diameter and stem suberization index of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations

处理 Treatment	大小粒指数 Grain size uniformity index	穗梗直径 Stem diameter/mm	穗梗木栓化指数 Stem suberization index
A1B1	25.0 bc	8.31 ab	29.6 a
A1B2	12.5 d	7.99 ab	13.0 bc
A1B3	22.9 c	7.35 bc	13.0 bc
A1B4	29.9 abc	6.65 c	0 c
A2B1	36.8 a	8.38 a	31.5 a
A2B2	35.4 a	8.00 ab	24.1 ab
A2B3	34.7 a	8.26 ab	18.5 ab
A2B4	31.9 ab	7.02 c	0 c

表4 方差分析结果

Table 4 Results of variance analysis(F value)

处理 Treatment	大小粒指数 Grain size uniformity index	穗梗直径 Stem diameter	穗梗木栓化指数 Stem suberization index
A	42.24^**	2.57	2.55
B	3.07	9.38^**	18.77^**
A×B	5.18^*	0.95	0.71

表5 不同施肥方式与氯吡脲用量处理的藤稔葡萄果粒纵径、横径和果形指数

Table 5 Berry vertical diameter, horizontal diameter and shape index of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations

处理 Treatment	果粒纵径 Berry vertical diameter/mm	果粒横径 Berry horizontal diameter/mm	果形指数 Berry shape index
A1B1	32.69 a	31.39 a	1.04 a
A1B2	30.96 ab	29.54 ab	1.05 a
A1B3	29.66 b	28.33 b	1.05 a
A1B4	27.55 cd	25.03 c	1.10 a
A2B1	30.11 b	29.47 ab	1.02 a
A2B2	29.11 bc	28.12 b	1.04 a
A2B3	28.93 bc	28.02 b	1.03 a
A2B4	26.22 d	24.16 c	1.09 a

表6 方差分析结果

Table 6 Results of variance analysis(F value)

处理 Treatment	果粒纵径 Berry vertical diameter	果粒横径 Berry horizontal diameter	果形指数 Berry shape index
A	12.26^**	6.68^*	0.74
B	16.59^**	31.93^**	2.29
A×B	0.72	0.64	0.03

表7 不同施肥方式与氯吡脲浓度处理的藤稔葡萄百粒重和穗质量

Table 7 100-berry weight and bunch weight of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations

处理 Treatment	百粒重 100-berry weight/kg	穗质量 Bunch weight/g
A1B1	1.90 a	1045.9 a
A1B2	1.70 ab	997.1 b
A1B3	1.49 bc	976.3 bc
A1B4	1.21 cd	836.5 d
A2B1	1.62 ab	987.1 bc
A2B2	1.48 bc	964.7 c
A2B3	1.48 bc	957.0 c
A2B4	0.99 d	805.0 e

表8 方差分析结果

Table 8 Results of variance analysis(F value)

处理 Treatment	百粒重 100-berry weight	穗质量 Bunch weight
A	5.63^*	55.99^**
B	16.73^**	330.75^**
A×B	1.26	3.09

表9 不同施肥方式与氯吡脲浓度处理的藤稔葡萄可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和总黄酮含量

Table 9 Contents of soluble solid, titratable acid and total flavonoids of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可滴定酸 Titratable acid/(g· kg^-1)	糖酸比 Sugar- acid ratio	总黄酮 Total flavonoids/ (mg·g^-1)
A1B1	11.02 bc	4.70 a	23.4	0.31 e
A1B2	11.52 ab	3.40 c	33.9	0.54 c
A1B3	12.27 a	4.00 bc	30.7	0.96 a
A1B4	11.42 b	4.07 b	28.1	0.63 b
A2B1	10.52 c	3.93 b	26.8	0.25 e
A2B2	10.52 c	4.30 ab	24.5	0.39 d
A2B3	11.27 bc	4.07 b	27.7	0.64 b
A2B4	11.28 bc	4.20 ab	26.9	0.61 b

表10 方差分析结果

Table 10 Results of variance analysis(F value)

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid	可滴定酸 Titratable acid	总黄酮 Total flavonoids
A	12.44^**	0.35	82.10^**
B	6.03^**	1.94	214.55^**
A×B	1.42	5.92^**	19.44^**

表11 评价指标的无量纲化处理结果

Table 11 Dimensionless processing results of evaluation indexes

处理 Treatment	大小粒指数 Grain size uniformity index	穗梗木栓化指数 Stem suberization index	果形指数 Berry shape index	穗质量 Bunch weight	糖酸比 Sugar-acid ratio	总黄酮 Total flavonoids
A1B1	0.32	0.06	0.95	1.00	0.69	0.32
A1B2	0.66	0.59	0.95	0.95	1.00	0.56
A1B3	0.38	0.59	0.95	0.93	0.91	1.00
A1B4	0.19	1.00	1.00	0.80	0.83	0.66
A2B1	0	0	0.93	0.94	0.79	0.26
A2B2	0.04	0.23	0.95	0.92	0.72	0.41
A2B3	0.06	0.41	0.94	0.92	0.82	0.67
A2B4	0.13	1.00	0.99	0.77	0.79	0.64

图1 不同施肥方式与氯吡脲处理对藤稔葡萄影响的雷达图

Fig.1 Radar chart of different fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations on Fujiminori grape

表12 不同处理雷达图综合评价结果

Table 12 Comprehensive evaluation results of radar charts of different treatments

处理 Treatment	面积 Area	周长 Perimeter	$V i 1$	$V i 2$	Y	综合排序 Comprehensive rank
A1B1	0.883	4.443	0.536	0.562	0.301	8
A1B2	1.622	5.544	0.985	0.663	0.653	2
A1B3	1.646	5.615	1.000	0.656	0.656	1
A1B4	1.436	5.520	0.872	0.592	0.517	3
A2B1	0.791	3.966	0.481	0.632	0.304	7
A2B2	0.900	4.325	0.547	0.605	0.331	6
A2B3	1.125	4.897	0.683	0.589	0.403	5
A2B4	1.336	5.444	0.812	0.567	0.460	4

表12 不同处理雷达图综合评价结果

Table 12 Comprehensive evaluation results of radar charts of different treatments

处理 Treatment	面积 Area	周长 Perimeter	$V i 1$	$V i 2$	Y	综合排序 Comprehensive rank
A1B1	0.883	4.443	0.536	0.562	0.301	8
A1B2	1.622	5.544	0.985	0.663	0.653	2
A1B3	1.646	5.615	1.000	0.656	0.656	1
A1B4	1.436	5.520	0.872	0.592	0.517	3
A2B1	0.791	3.966	0.481	0.632	0.304	7
A2B2	0.900	4.325	0.547	0.605	0.331	6
A2B3	1.125	4.897	0.683	0.589	0.403	5
A2B4	1.336	5.444	0.812	0.567	0.460	4

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[23]	吴传雪. 配方施肥对美人指葡萄生长和果实品质及土壤理化性质的影响[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2016.
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不同施肥方式下氯吡脲对藤稔葡萄生长和品质的影响

Effects of forchlorfenuron on growth and quality of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications

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