新烟碱类杀虫剂对家蚕的急性毒性与风险评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.10.17

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 1931-1938.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.10.17

新烟碱类杀虫剂对家蚕的急性毒性与风险评价

柳新菊(), 吴声敢, 安雪花, 蒋金花, 吕露, 李岗, 王菲迪, 赵学平^*()

浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全和营养研究所,农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2021-01-12 出版日期:2021-10-25 发布日期:2021-11-02
通讯作者: 赵学平
作者简介:*赵学平,E-mail: zhaoxueping@tom.com
柳新菊(1972—),女,河南唐河人,学士,高级实验师,主要从事农药环境与毒理研究。E-mail: liuxj@zaas.ac.cn
基金资助:
农业农村部行业标准项目(2019R19A24D02)

Acute toxicity and risk assessment of neonicotinoid insecticides to the silkworm, Bombyx mori

LIU Xinju(), WU Shenggan, AN Xuehua, JIANG Jinhua, LYU Lu, LI Gang, WANG Feidi, ZHAO Xueping^*()

Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 310021,China

Received:2021-01-12 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-11-02
Contact: ZHAO Xueping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用浸叶法测定了6种新烟碱类杀虫剂与其他2类对照杀虫剂对家蚕的急性毒性,且根据风险商值法进行了风险评价。结果表明: 测试的6种新烟碱类杀虫剂中啶虫脒和噻虫胺对家蚕急性毒性96 h-LC₅₀为 0.262、0.268 mg·L^-1, 属剧毒级,而噻虫啉、吡虫啉、呋虫胺和噻虫嗪对家蚕急性毒性96 h-LC₅₀分别为0.582、1.68、2.60、2.16 mg·L^-1,均属高毒级。对照药剂高效氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱和马拉硫磷对家蚕急性毒性96 h-LC₅₀分别为0.009 09、0.785、1 072 mg·L^-1,分别属于剧毒级、高毒级和低毒级。风险评价结果表明: 除马拉硫磷对家蚕的风险可接受外,其余8种杀虫剂均为不可接受。因此,在害虫综合治理中,应谨慎使用新烟碱类杀虫剂,以避免对家蚕生产造成危害。

关键词: 新烟碱类杀虫剂, 家蚕, 急性毒性, 风险评价

Abstract:

In order to provide a scientific basis for the rational use of neonicotinoid insecticides, the acute toxicity of six neonicotinoid insecticides and other 2 kinds of control insecticides to the silkworm (Bombyx mori) were determined by using leaf dipping method, and the risk assessment was also carried out according to the risk quotient method. Results exhibited that the 96 h-LC₅₀ values of acetamiprid and clothianidin to B. mori were 0.262 and 0.268 mg·L^-1, respectively, which belonged to extremely toxic grade. The 96 h-LC₅₀ values of thiacloprid, imidacloprid, dinotefuran and thiamethoxam to the organisms were 0.582, 1.68, 2.60 and 2.16 mg·L^-1, respectively, which belonged to highly toxic grade. The 96 h-LC₅₀ values of lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and malathion to the silkworms were 0.009 09, 0.785 and 1 072 mg·L^-1, respectively, which belonged to extremely toxic grade, highly toxic grade and lowly toxic grade, respectively. Risk assessment results indicated that the risk of malathion to the silkworm was acceptable, and the other eight insecticides were unacceptable. Therefore, neonicotinoid insecticides should be used cautiously in integrated pest management to avoid harm for sericulture.

Key words: neonicotinoid insecticides, silkworm, acute toxicity, risk assessment

中图分类号:

S881

柳新菊, 吴声敢, 安雪花, 蒋金花, 吕露, 李岗, 王菲迪, 赵学平. 新烟碱类杀虫剂对家蚕的急性毒性与风险评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(10): 1931-1938.

LIU Xinju, WU Shenggan, AN Xuehua, JIANG Jinhua, LYU Lu, LI Gang, WANG Feidi, ZHAO Xueping. Acute toxicity and risk assessment of neonicotinoid insecticides to the silkworm, Bombyx mori[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(10): 1931-1938.

图/表 5

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药剂种类与名称 Category and name of the agent		毒性回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	LC₅₀/ (mg·L^-1)	95% 置信区间 95% Confidence interval/(mg·L^-1)
新烟碱类Neonicotinoid	啶虫脒Acetamiprid	Y=8.975+6.807X	0.262	0.246~0.275
	噻虫胺Clothianidin	Y =10.356+9.327X	0.268	0.251~0.288
	噻虫啉Thiacloprid	Y =5.808+3.437X	0.582	0.518~0.674
	吡虫啉Imidacloprid	Y=3.199+7.952X	1.68	1.61~1.77
	呋虫胺Dinotefuran	Y=-0.926+14.247X	2.60	2.54~2.70
	噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	Y =2.202+8.737X	2.16	1.85~2.87
有机磷类Organophosphate class	马拉硫磷Malathion	Y=-8.414+4.426X	1072	985~1186
	毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos	Y=5.577+5.504X	0.785	0.739~0.833
拟除虫菊酯类Pyrethroid class	高效氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin	Y =16.267+5.520X	0.009 09	0.008 52~0.009 77

药剂种类与名称 Category and name of the agent		毒性回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	LC₅₀/ (mg·L^-1)	95% 置信区间 95% Confidence interval/(mg·L^-1)
新烟碱类Neonicotinoid	啶虫脒Acetamiprid	Y=8.975+6.807X	0.262	0.246~0.275
	噻虫胺Clothianidin	Y =10.356+9.327X	0.268	0.251~0.288
	噻虫啉Thiacloprid	Y =5.808+3.437X	0.582	0.518~0.674
	吡虫啉Imidacloprid	Y=3.199+7.952X	1.68	1.61~1.77
	呋虫胺Dinotefuran	Y=-0.926+14.247X	2.60	2.54~2.70
	噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	Y =2.202+8.737X	2.16	1.85~2.87
有机磷类Organophosphate class	马拉硫磷Malathion	Y=-8.414+4.426X	1072	985~1186
	毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos	Y=5.577+5.504X	0.785	0.739~0.833
拟除虫菊酯类Pyrethroid class	高效氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin	Y =16.267+5.520X	0.009 09	0.008 52~0.009 77

药剂名称 Drug name	作物 Crop	AR/(kg· hm^-2)	施药次数 Application times	施药间隔期 Application interval	M_AF	D_PHI	PEC_ma-fr/ (mg·kg^-1)	PEC_ma-sr/ (mg·kg^-1)
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	黄瓜Cucumber	0.090 0	2	7	1.616	0.933	12.6	0.773
噻虫胺Clothianidin	水稻Rice	0.150 0	2	7	1.616	0.933	21.1	1.289
噻虫啉Thiacloprid	水稻Rice	0.123 0	2	7	1.616	0.933	17.3	1.057
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	小麦Wheat	0.150 0	2	3	1.812	0.933	23.6	1.446
呋虫胺Dinotefuran	水稻Rice	0.150 0	2	5	1.707	0.933	22.2	1.362
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	水稻Rice	0.078 8	2	5	1.707	0.933	11.7	0.715
高效氯氟氰菊酯	棉花Cotton	0.030 0	3	7	1.995	0.933	5.20	0.328
Lambda-cyhalothrin
毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos	棉花Cotton	1.050 0	2	7	1.616	0.933	147	9.020
马拉硫磷Malathion	十字花科蔬菜	0.810 0	2	7	1.616	0.933	114	6.960
	Brassicaceous vegetable

药剂名称 Drug name	作物 Crop	AR/(kg· hm^-2)	施药次数 Application times	施药间隔期 Application interval	M_AF	D_PHI	PEC_ma-fr/ (mg·kg^-1)	PEC_ma-sr/ (mg·kg^-1)
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	黄瓜Cucumber	0.090 0	2	7	1.616	0.933	12.6	0.773
噻虫胺Clothianidin	水稻Rice	0.150 0	2	7	1.616	0.933	21.1	1.289
噻虫啉Thiacloprid	水稻Rice	0.123 0	2	7	1.616	0.933	17.3	1.057
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	小麦Wheat	0.150 0	2	3	1.812	0.933	23.6	1.446
呋虫胺Dinotefuran	水稻Rice	0.150 0	2	5	1.707	0.933	22.2	1.362
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	水稻Rice	0.078 8	2	5	1.707	0.933	11.7	0.715
高效氯氟氰菊酯	棉花Cotton	0.030 0	3	7	1.995	0.933	5.20	0.328
Lambda-cyhalothrin
毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos	棉花Cotton	1.050 0	2	7	1.616	0.933	147	9.020
马拉硫磷Malathion	十字花科蔬菜	0.810 0	2	7	1.616	0.933	114	6.960
	Brassicaceous vegetable

药剂名称Drug name	F_C/(L·kg^-1)	LC₅₀-_C/(mg·kg^-1)	F_U	C_PNE/(mg·kg^-1)
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	0.46	0.121	70	0.001 73
噻虫胺Clothianidin	0.46	0.123	70	0.001 76
噻虫啉Thiacloprid	0.46	0.268	70	0.003 83
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	0.46	0.773	70	0.011 0
呋虫胺Dinotefuran	0.46	1.196	70	0.017 10
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	0.46	0.994	70	0.014 20
高效氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin	0.46	0.004 18	70	0.000 0597
毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos	0.46	0.361	70	0.005 16
马拉硫磷Malathion	0.46	493	70	7.040 00

新烟碱类杀虫剂对家蚕的急性毒性与风险评价

Acute toxicity and risk assessment of neonicotinoid insecticides to the silkworm, Bombyx mori

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药剂名称Drug name	RQ_fr	风险评估Risk assessment	RQ_sr	风险评估Risk assessment
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	7 283	不可接受Unacceptable	447	不可接受Unacceptable
噻虫胺Clothianidin	11 989	不可接受Unacceptable	732	不可接受Unacceptable
噻虫啉Thiacloprid	4 517	不可接受Unacceptable	276	不可接受Unacceptable
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	2 145	不可接受Unacceptable	131	不可接受Unacceptable
呋虫胺Dinotefuran	1 298	不可接受Unacceptable	79.6	不可接受Unacceptable
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	824	不可接受Unacceptable	50.4	不可接受Unacceptable
高效氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin	87 102	不可接受Unacceptable	5 494	不可接受Unacceptable
毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos	28 488	不可接受Unacceptable	1 748	不可接受Unacceptable
马拉硫磷Malathion	16.2	不可接受Unacceptable	0.989	可接受Acceptable

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