麦瘟病与小麦抗麦瘟基因研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.11.23

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 2205-2212.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.11.23

• 综述 • 上一篇

麦瘟病与小麦抗麦瘟基因研究进展

王士臻(), 王教瑜^*(), 王艳丽, 孙国仓

农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室, 浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所, 浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2020-09-21 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2021-11-26
通讯作者: 王教瑜
作者简介:*王教瑜,E-mail: wangjiaoyu78@sina.com
王士臻(1987—),女,山西太原人,博士,助理研究员,主要研究小麦麦瘟病抗病基因与无毒基因互作。E-mail: wsz_1231@outlook.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200507);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300707);浙江省重点研发计划(2019C02010);浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LZ20C140001)

Progress of wheat blast and blast resistance gene in wheat

WANG Shizhen(), WANG Jiaoyu^*(), WANG Yanli, SUN Guocang

State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2020-09-21 Online:2021-11-25 Published:2021-11-26
Contact: WANG Jiaoyu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小麦麦瘟病,由梨孢菌小麦专化型(Magnaporthe oryzae, sp. Triticum, MoT) 侵染所致,最早于1985年在巴西发现,随后传播到其他南美国家。2016与2017年,麦瘟病登陆亚洲,相继在孟加拉国和印度暴发,对亚洲乃至全世界的小麦生产形成了潜在威胁。近年来,世界各国的科学家对麦瘟病进行了广泛和深入的研究,取得了较大进展。本文对小麦麦瘟病病原菌、侵染过程、流行因素和小麦抗病基因的研究进展进行了综述,并介绍了小麦麦瘟病抗性评价的方法。本研究组研究发现,在人工接种条件下,水稻来源的稻瘟病菌株(MoO)可侵染小麦引起典型麦瘟症状。笔者认为,虽然目前我国还没有麦瘟病发生的报道,但部分地区存在麦瘟病的发病条件,随着全球气候变暖麦瘟病有暴发的可能,需引起高度重视。建议加快麦瘟病发病机理及小麦抗性基因发掘的研究,以提升我国麦瘟病的研究水平,并为预防麦瘟病的发生未雨绸缪。

关键词: 小麦麦瘟病, 梨孢菌小麦专化型, 抗病基因, 互作, 鉴定方法

Abstract:

Wheat blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae (syn.Magnaporthe oryzae), had an outbreak in Brazil in 1985 and spreaded to neighboring countries soon. In 2016 and 2017, a severe outbreak happened in Bangladesh and India, respectively, whcih has caused severe impacts on local wheat yield and economics. There is no effective controlling measure at present, thus breeding for resistance is an alternative, environmentally friendly method to control blast disease. And we found the MoO pathotype of P.oryzae could infect wheat via lab inoculation. In this paper, we deem that wheat blast did not been found in China yet, but China is at increased risk for the overwhelming wheat blast since global warming continues. Thus we still need to pay great attention to it, and we should strengthen cooperation and communication with international wheat blast researchers. In addition, we also introduce inoculated methods to identify resistance genes in both seedling and heading stages, which will contribute to identification of resistance genes in wheat accessions of China, providing a reference for resistance breeding and further researches.

Key words: wheat blast, Pyricularia oryzae, resistance genes, interaction, identified method

中图分类号:

S435.12

王士臻, 王教瑜, 王艳丽, 孙国仓. 麦瘟病与小麦抗麦瘟基因研究进展[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(11): 2205-2212.

WANG Shizhen, WANG Jiaoyu, WANG Yanli, SUN Guocang. Progress of wheat blast and blast resistance gene in wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(11): 2205-2212.

图/表 4

图1 小麦叶片(A)及穗部(B)受侵染后表现及受麦瘟病侵染后的田间情况(C) 图来自 https://www.k-state.edu/wheatblast/about/。

Fig.1 Wheat leaves(A) and spike(B) after infected by P. oryzae and the field condition of wheat blast(C) The figures were obtained from the website of https://www.k-state.edu/wheatblast/about/.

表1 小麦中已鉴定的抗性基因

Table 1 Identified resistance gene in wheat accessions

抗性基因 Resistance gene	染色体位置 Chromosome location	小麦品种 Wheat accession	小麦来源 Origin	无毒基因 AVR-gene	抗性类型 Resistance type	高温/穗部抗性情况 Resistance in high temperature/spike	文献 Reference
Rmg1(Rwt4)	1D	普通小麦Common wheat, N4	日本Japan	PWT4	MoA	+/-	[17]
Rmg2	7A	普通小麦Common wheat, Thatcher	—		MoT	-/-	[18]
Rmg3	6B	普通小麦Common wheat, Thatcher	—		MoT	-/-	[18]
Rmg4	4A	普通小麦Common wheat, N4	日本Japan		MoD (MgD)	U/U	[20]
Rmg5	6D	普通小麦	—		MoD (MgD)	U/U	[20]
		Common wheat,Red Egyptain
Rmg6	1D	普通小麦 Common wheat, N4/CS/Sch	日本Japan/中国 China/日本Japan	PWT3(A1)	MoL	U/U	[21]
Rmg7	2A	四倍体材料 Tetraploid accessions, St17/St24/St25	—	AVR-Rmg8 (=AVR-Rmg7)	MoT	-/+	[19]
Rmg8	2B	普通小麦Common wheat, S-615	—		MoT	+/+	[22,26]
RmgGR119	Unidentified	小麦材料 Wheat accessions, GR119	阿尔巴尼亚 Albania		MoT	+/+	[23]

图2 苗期叶片抗病鉴定评价示意图[29] 0,没有明显可见的侵染点;1,针孔型斑点;2,小的病斑(<1.5 mm);3,病斑中等大小但分布稀疏(<3 mm); 4,大而典型的病斑;5,叶片完全枯萎。B,代表褐色;G,代表绿色。

Fig.2 Evaluation criterion of resistance grade of wheat blast in seedling stage[29] 0, No visible infection; 1, Pinhead spots; 2, Small lesions (<1.5 mm); 3, Sscattered lesions of intermediate size (<3 mm); 4, Large typical lesion; 5, Complete blighting of leaf blades. A disease score comprised a number denoting the lesion size and a letter indicating the lesion color: ‘B’ for brown, and ‘G’ for green.

图3 穗期抗病鉴定评价示意图 0,没有明显可见的侵染点;1,针孔型斑点;2,小的病斑(<1.5 mm);3,病斑中等大小但分布稀疏(<3 mm); 4,白绿色病斑且无明显由于过敏性反应而产生的褐色病斑;5,麦穗完全枯萎。

Fig.3 Evaluation criterion of resistance grade of wheat blast in heading stage 0, No visible infection; 1, Pinhead spots; 2, Small lesions (<1.5 mm); 3, Scattered lesions of intermediate size (<3 mm); 4, Mixture of green and white tissues with no apparent browning caused by hypersensitive reaction; 5, Complete blighting of the spike.

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麦瘟病与小麦抗麦瘟基因研究进展

Progress of wheat blast and blast resistance gene in wheat

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