浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 2406-2414.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.12.21
唐晓姝a,b(), 胡博a,b, 陈雪梅a,b, 张白曦a,b,*(
)
收稿日期:
2021-04-14
出版日期:
2021-12-25
发布日期:
2022-01-10
通讯作者:
张白曦
作者简介:
* 张白曦,E-mail: zbx@jiangnan.edu.cn
TANG Xiaoshua,b(), HU Boa,b, CHEN Xuemeia,b, ZHANG Baixia,b,*(
)
Received:
2021-04-14
Online:
2021-12-25
Published:
2022-01-10
Contact:
ZHANG Baixi
摘要:
为制备具有强稳定性、高抗氧化与良好感官品质的黑果腺肋花楸汁,以出汁率、沉淀率和可溶性固形物含量为指标,优化料液比、果胶酶添加量,分析黑果腺肋花楸汁的总抗氧化性、抑制羟基自由基能力、清除DPPH能力;并从色度、总酚、花色苷含量、抗氧化性4个方面对不同贮藏方式的黑果腺肋花楸汁进行稳定性研究,用模糊数学法对黑果腺肋花楸汁进行感官评价。结果显示:料液比为1∶1、果胶酶添加量在0.4%时,黑果腺肋花楸汁的出汁率和可溶性固形物含量均较高;黑果腺肋花楸汁的总抗氧化能力为11.5 μmol·mL-1,抑制羟基自由基能力为17 610.3 U·mL-1。100 mL黑果腺肋花楸汁中相当于含有100.0 mg维生素C(VC),总酚和花色苷含量分别为6.8、0.7 mg·mL-1;在4 ℃避光贮藏120 d,果汁呈深紫红色,颜色变化不大,总酚和花色苷含量、抗氧化能力均未明显降低;感官评价介于优、良之间。通过工艺优化制备的黑果腺肋花楸汁具有较强抗氧化性和稳定性,且感官品质良好。
中图分类号:
唐晓姝, 胡博, 陈雪梅, 张白曦. 黑果腺肋花楸榨汁工艺研究与果汁品质评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(12): 2406-2414.
TANG Xiaoshu, HU Bo, CHEN Xuemei, ZHANG Baixi. Study on black chokeberry juicing processing and its quality evaluation[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(12): 2406-2414.
评价等级 Grade evaluation | 分数 Score | 感官评价因素 Sensory evaluation factor | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
色泽 Colour and lustre | 滋味与气味 Taste and smell | 组织状态 Texture | ||
优 Excellent | 4 | 深紫红色或紫红色,有光泽 Deep purplish red or purplish red, shiny | 酸甜适宜,苦杏仁味、涩感可以接受 Sweet and sour is suitable, bitter almond flavor and acerbity can be acceptable | 澄清透明 Clear and transparent |
良 Good | 3 | 深紫红色或紫红色,光泽较暗 Deep purplish red or purplish red, glossy dark | 酸甜较适宜,苦杏仁味、涩感勉强接受 Sweet and sour is less suitable, bitter almond flavor and acerbity can be grudging acceptable | 较澄清 Transparent |
一般 Ordinary | 2 | 浅紫红色或深红色 Light purplish red or deep red | 较酸或较甜,苦杏仁味勉强接受,涩感不能接受 Taste acid and sweet, bitter almond flavor can be grudging acceptance, acerbity can not be acceptable | 混浊 Muddy |
差 Bad | 1 | 红色或橘红色 Red or orange-red | 酸甜不能接受,苦杏仁味、涩感不能接受 Acid, sweet, bitter almond flavor and acerbity can not be acceptable, | 混浊、有沉淀 Muddy and sediment |
表1 黑果腺肋花楸汁的感官评价标准
Table 1 Sensory evaluation criteria of black chokeberry juice
评价等级 Grade evaluation | 分数 Score | 感官评价因素 Sensory evaluation factor | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
色泽 Colour and lustre | 滋味与气味 Taste and smell | 组织状态 Texture | ||
优 Excellent | 4 | 深紫红色或紫红色,有光泽 Deep purplish red or purplish red, shiny | 酸甜适宜,苦杏仁味、涩感可以接受 Sweet and sour is suitable, bitter almond flavor and acerbity can be acceptable | 澄清透明 Clear and transparent |
良 Good | 3 | 深紫红色或紫红色,光泽较暗 Deep purplish red or purplish red, glossy dark | 酸甜较适宜,苦杏仁味、涩感勉强接受 Sweet and sour is less suitable, bitter almond flavor and acerbity can be grudging acceptable | 较澄清 Transparent |
一般 Ordinary | 2 | 浅紫红色或深红色 Light purplish red or deep red | 较酸或较甜,苦杏仁味勉强接受,涩感不能接受 Taste acid and sweet, bitter almond flavor can be grudging acceptance, acerbity can not be acceptable | 混浊 Muddy |
差 Bad | 1 | 红色或橘红色 Red or orange-red | 酸甜不能接受,苦杏仁味、涩感不能接受 Acid, sweet, bitter almond flavor and acerbity can not be acceptable, | 混浊、有沉淀 Muddy and sediment |
料液比(果实:水) Solid-liquid ratio (fruit:water) | 出汁率 Juice yield/% | 可溶性固形 物含量 Soluble solid content/% | 沉淀率 Precipitation rate/% |
---|---|---|---|
2:1 | 53.6±0.4 c | 6.1±0.3 a | 1.1±0.1 b |
1:1 | 59.8±0.2 b | 5.9±0.5 a | 1.2±0.1 b |
1:2 | 64.2±0.7 a | 5.2±0.0 a | 1.7±0.2 a |
表2 料液比对黑果腺肋花楸汁出汁率、可溶性固形物含量与沉淀率的影响
Table 2 Effects of solid-liquid ratio on juice yield, soluble solid content and precipitation rate of black chokeberry juice
料液比(果实:水) Solid-liquid ratio (fruit:water) | 出汁率 Juice yield/% | 可溶性固形 物含量 Soluble solid content/% | 沉淀率 Precipitation rate/% |
---|---|---|---|
2:1 | 53.6±0.4 c | 6.1±0.3 a | 1.1±0.1 b |
1:1 | 59.8±0.2 b | 5.9±0.5 a | 1.2±0.1 b |
1:2 | 64.2±0.7 a | 5.2±0.0 a | 1.7±0.2 a |
果胶酶添加量 Amount of pectinase/% | 出汁率 Juice yield/% | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/% | 沉淀率 Precipitation rate/% |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 64.2±1.1 d | 5.9±0.2 b | 1.2±0.1 b |
0.2 | 68.6±0.4 c | 6.8±0.5 a | 1.3±0.2 ab |
0.4 | 73.7±0.7 b | 7.9±0.8 a | 1.3±0.3 ab |
0.6 | 75.4±1.2 a | 7.9±0.5 a | 1.4±0.1 ab |
0.8 | 76.2±0.9 a | 8.2±0.6 a | 1.7±0.2 a |
表3 果胶酶添加量对黑果腺肋花楸汁出汁率、可溶性固形物含量、沉淀率的影响
Table 3 Effects of pectinase ratio on juice yield, content of soluble solid and precipitation rate of black chokeberry juice
果胶酶添加量 Amount of pectinase/% | 出汁率 Juice yield/% | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/% | 沉淀率 Precipitation rate/% |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 64.2±1.1 d | 5.9±0.2 b | 1.2±0.1 b |
0.2 | 68.6±0.4 c | 6.8±0.5 a | 1.3±0.2 ab |
0.4 | 73.7±0.7 b | 7.9±0.8 a | 1.3±0.3 ab |
0.6 | 75.4±1.2 a | 7.9±0.5 a | 1.4±0.1 ab |
0.8 | 76.2±0.9 a | 8.2±0.6 a | 1.7±0.2 a |
样品 Sample | 总抗氧化力 The total antioxidant activity/(μmol· mL-1) | 抑制羟基自由基能力 Hydroxyl radical inhibition ability/ (103 U·mL-1) | 稀释倍数 Diluted multiples | DPPH自由基清除率 DPPH free radicals scavenging rate/% | 100 mL果汁含有VC当量 Equivalent of VC in 100 mL juice/mg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
黑果腺肋花楸汁 Black chokeberry juice | 11.5±0.1 a | 17.6±0.7 a | 1 000 | 51.4 ± 3.9 a | 100.0 a |
蓝莓汁Blueberry juice | 0.1±0.1 b | 2.5±0.2 b | 100 | 32.3 ± 2.4 b | 6.2 b |
表4 黑果腺肋花楸汁、蓝莓汁的总抗氧化能力、抑制羟基自由基能力与清除DPPH自由基能力
Table 4 Total antioxidant capacity and inhibition of hydroxyl radical of black chokeberry juice and blueberry juice
样品 Sample | 总抗氧化力 The total antioxidant activity/(μmol· mL-1) | 抑制羟基自由基能力 Hydroxyl radical inhibition ability/ (103 U·mL-1) | 稀释倍数 Diluted multiples | DPPH自由基清除率 DPPH free radicals scavenging rate/% | 100 mL果汁含有VC当量 Equivalent of VC in 100 mL juice/mg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
黑果腺肋花楸汁 Black chokeberry juice | 11.5±0.1 a | 17.6±0.7 a | 1 000 | 51.4 ± 3.9 a | 100.0 a |
蓝莓汁Blueberry juice | 0.1±0.1 b | 2.5±0.2 b | 100 | 32.3 ± 2.4 b | 6.2 b |
t/d | 4℃ 避光 Stored in dark place at 4℃ | 常温、不避光 Not avoid light at normal atmospheric temperature | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L | a | b | L | a | b | |
0 | 27.6±0.2 b | 12.4±0.2 b | 3.5±0.1 b | 27.6±0.2 d | 12.4±0.2 e | 3.5±0.1 e |
15 | 27.8±0.1 b | 12.3±0.1 b | 3.4±0.2 b | 28.3±0.2 c | 15.0±0.2 d | 4.4±0.1 d |
30 | 27.2±0.1 c | 12.4±0.1 b | 3.6±0.0 a | 28.4±0.1 c | 16.6±0.1 c | 5.0±0.1 c |
60 | 28.3±0.1 a | 12.8±0.1 a | 3.9±0.1 a | 29.8±0.1 b | 18.2±0.2 b | 6.5±0.1 b |
120 | 28.0±0.2 a | 12.9±0.1 a | 3.8±0.0 a | 31.5±0.1 a | 19.0±0.1 a | 8.0±0.1 a |
表5 不同贮藏时间黑果腺肋花楸汁的色度指标
Table 5 Chromatic aberration of black chokeberry juice at different storage time
t/d | 4℃ 避光 Stored in dark place at 4℃ | 常温、不避光 Not avoid light at normal atmospheric temperature | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L | a | b | L | a | b | |
0 | 27.6±0.2 b | 12.4±0.2 b | 3.5±0.1 b | 27.6±0.2 d | 12.4±0.2 e | 3.5±0.1 e |
15 | 27.8±0.1 b | 12.3±0.1 b | 3.4±0.2 b | 28.3±0.2 c | 15.0±0.2 d | 4.4±0.1 d |
30 | 27.2±0.1 c | 12.4±0.1 b | 3.6±0.0 a | 28.4±0.1 c | 16.6±0.1 c | 5.0±0.1 c |
60 | 28.3±0.1 a | 12.8±0.1 a | 3.9±0.1 a | 29.8±0.1 b | 18.2±0.2 b | 6.5±0.1 b |
120 | 28.0±0.2 a | 12.9±0.1 a | 3.8±0.0 a | 31.5±0.1 a | 19.0±0.1 a | 8.0±0.1 a |
图2 贮藏时间对黑果腺肋花楸汁中总酚和花色苷含量的影响 同一时间不同处理间没有相同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。
Fig. 2 Effects of storage time on contents of total phenolics and anthocyanin in black chokeberry juice The values with different letters in the same time showed significant difference(P<0.05). The same as below.
因素集 Factor set | 黑果腺肋花楸汁评判集(票数) Black chokeberry juice appraisal set(votes) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
v4(4分) v4(4 score) | v3(3分) v3(3 score) | v2(2分) v2(2 score) | v1(1分) v1(1 score) | |
u1色泽 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
u1 Colour and lustre | ||||
u2滋味与气味 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
u2 Taste and smell | ||||
u3组织状态 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
u3 Texture |
表6 黑果腺肋花楸汁评定结果
Table 6 Sensory evaluation results of black chokeberry juice
因素集 Factor set | 黑果腺肋花楸汁评判集(票数) Black chokeberry juice appraisal set(votes) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
v4(4分) v4(4 score) | v3(3分) v3(3 score) | v2(2分) v2(2 score) | v1(1分) v1(1 score) | |
u1色泽 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
u1 Colour and lustre | ||||
u2滋味与气味 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
u2 Taste and smell | ||||
u3组织状态 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
u3 Texture |
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