板栗树振动响应特性与落果情况试验研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.21

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 599-613.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.21

板栗树振动响应特性与落果情况试验研究

韩元顺(), 许林云(), 周杰, 余兵

南京林业大学机械电子工程学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2020-10-27 出版日期:2022-03-25 发布日期:2022-03-30
通讯作者: 许林云
作者简介:*许林云,E-mail: lyxu@njfu.com.cn
韩元顺(1995—),男,江苏南京人,硕士研究生,研究方向为林果振动采收。E-mail: 1084556647@qq.com
基金资助:
“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0701501)

Experimental study on vibration response and fruit dropping of chestnut tree

HAN Yuanshun(), XU Linyun(), ZHOU Jie, YU Bing

College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2020-10-27 Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-03-30
Contact: XU Linyun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决板栗人工采收效率低、成本高的问题,对板栗机械振动采收装备的设计提供参数支持。针对3棵板栗树,通过单偏心式振动电机激振树干对板栗树各分枝上加速度响应以及落果情况进行了试验研究。结果表明:3棵树树干和各果枝测点处的合加速度均与激振频率呈二次曲线增长关系,激振频率的增加有利于板栗树各果枝振动响应的增强;但受距激励点的距离和果枝直径的变化,在外力激励下的各分枝的振动往往分布不均匀,造成了各测点处X、Y、Z 3个方向的加速度响应特性存在一定的差异性;随着激振频率的增大,板栗成熟果实与未成熟果实的落果率也逐渐增大,经综合评分的方法分析得出在18~22 Hz的频率激振下,3棵树落果情况较为理想,可达到选择性采收的目的。

关键词: 板栗, 振动采收, 加速度响应, 落果率, 选择性采收

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of low efficiency and high cost of artificial harvesting of chestnut, parameter support was provided for the design of mechanical vibration harvesting equipment of chestnut. For three chestnut trees, the acceleration response and fruit dropping on each branch of chestnut tree were studied by single eccentric vibration motor. The results indicated that the combined acceleration at the measured points of the trunk and branches of the three trees showed a quadratic curve growth relation with the excitation frequency, and the increase of excitation frequency was conducive to the enhancement of the vibration response of each branch of chestnut tree. However, due to the change of the distance from the excitation point and the diameter of the fruit branch, the vibration of each branch under the excitation of external force was often distributed unevenly, resulting in a certain difference in acceleration response characteristics in X, Y and Z directions at each measurement point. With the increase of excitation frequency, the dropping rate of chestnut ripening fruits and immature fruits also gradually increased. Through the analysis of comprehensive scoring method, it was concluded that under the excitation frequency of 18-22 Hz, the dropping rate of three trees was relatively ideal, which could achieve the purpose of selective harvesting.

Key words: chestnut, vibration harvesting, acceleration response, fruit dropping rate, selective harvesting

中图分类号:

S233.4

韩元顺, 许林云, 周杰, 余兵. 板栗树振动响应特性与落果情况试验研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(3): 599-613.

HAN Yuanshun, XU Linyun, ZHOU Jie, YU Bing. Experimental study on vibration response and fruit dropping of chestnut tree[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(3): 599-613.

图/表 17

参考文献 24

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编号 No.	树高 Tree height/m	冠幅 Crown/m	根部直径 Root diameter/mm	主干高 Trunk height/mm	激振位置 Vibration position/mm
Ⅰ	4.5	4.0	214	1400	950
Ⅱ	3.5	3.0	205	650	450
Ⅲ	4.0	4.5	187	850	550

编号 No.	树高 Tree height/m	冠幅 Crown/m	根部直径 Root diameter/mm	主干高 Trunk height/mm	激振位置 Vibration position/mm
Ⅰ	4.5	4.0	214	1400	950
Ⅱ	3.5	3.0	205	650	450
Ⅲ	4.0	4.5	187	850	550

测点 Point	树Ⅰ TreeⅠ		树Ⅱ TreeⅡ		树Ⅲ TreeⅢ
测点 Point	直径 Diameter	距分叉点距离 Distance from bifurcation point	直径 Diameter	距分叉点距离 Distance from bifurcation point	直径 Diameter	距分叉点距离 Distance from bifurcation point
T	199	1 050	191	550	182	650
A1	96	800	127	600	73	800
A2	79	1 600	109	1 200	65	1 600
A3	71	2 400	89	1 800	—	—
B1	74	650	109	700	128	800
B2	72	1 300	99	1 400	102	1 600
B3	71	1 950	93	2 100	—	—
C1	77	700	89	630	71	550
C2	75	1 400	71	1 260	66	1 100
C3	—	—	63	1 890	—	—
D1	96	750	—	—	109	650
D2	94	1 500	—	—	94	1 300

测点 Point	树Ⅰ TreeⅠ		树Ⅱ TreeⅡ		树Ⅲ TreeⅢ
测点 Point	直径 Diameter	距分叉点距离 Distance from bifurcation point	直径 Diameter	距分叉点距离 Distance from bifurcation point	直径 Diameter	距分叉点距离 Distance from bifurcation point
T	199	1 050	191	550	182	650
A1	96	800	127	600	73	800
A2	79	1 600	109	1 200	65	1 600
A3	71	2 400	89	1 800	—	—
B1	74	650	109	700	128	800
B2	72	1 300	99	1 400	102	1 600
B3	71	1 950	93	2 100	—	—
C1	77	700	89	630	71	550
C2	75	1 400	71	1 260	66	1 100
C3	—	—	63	1 890	—	—
D1	96	750	—	—	109	650
D2	94	1 500	—	—	94	1 300

频率 Frequency/Hz	Ⅰ				Ⅱ				Ⅲ
频率 Frequency/Hz	a_X	a_Y	a_Z	a	a_X	a_Y	a_Z	a	a_X	a_Y	a_Z	a
10	1.11	1.43	0.10	1.81	0.28	0.12	0.13	0.33	0.41	0.55	0.04	0.69
12	1.59	3.35	0.22	3.72	0.48	0.29	0.17	0.59	0.80	1.16	0.22	1.43
14	3.39	4.50	0.27	5.64	0.76	0.64	0.21	1.02	1.26	2.39	0.43	2.73
16	5.52	6.26	0.30	8.35	1.26	1.17	0.36	1.76	2.72	4.57	0.71	5.36
18	9.55	8.54	0.32	12.81	2.05	1.70	0.55	2.72	4.01	7.30	1.54	8.47
20	12.88	10.16	0.35	16.41	3.06	2.79	0.76	4.21	5.73	10.74	2.00	12.33
22	14.97	12.21	0.38	19.33	4.03	4.58	1.16	6.21	9.08	13.74	2.51	16.66
24	15.84	14.52	0.44	21.49	5.18	6.51	1.51	8.45	10.02	18.35	3.44	21.19
26	17.61	17.16	0.67	24.59	6.09	9.38	1.94	11.34	10.59	22.43	4.78	25.26
28	21.23	18.13	0.70	27.93	6.83	13.02	2.10	14.85	11.13	27.42	5.37	30.07
30	25.07	21.94	1.03	33.33	7.07	15.50	2.32	17.19	11.81	27.73	6.40	30.81

板栗树振动响应特性与落果情况试验研究

Experimental study on vibration response and fruit dropping of chestnut tree

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图/表 17

参考文献 24

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编号 No.	测点 Point	频率Frequency/Hz
编号 No.	测点 Point	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30
Ⅰ	A1	2.9	5.8	8.5	11.7	16.5	21.6	24.3	28.9	35.3	38.3	43.7
	A2	4.1	8.5	11.8	20.9	26.1	28.8	30.7	33.0	44.6	50.8	57.9
	A3	4.4	8.5	12.3	20.0	28.5	31.8	33.1	34.8	39.6	46.6	54.9
	B1	2.1	5.1	7.7	9.6	17.2	23.7	30.2	36.2	39.8	45.2	49.0
	B2	2.2	5.4	5.9	7.8	10.6	20.1	22.8	27.9	29.8	33.0	38.6
	B3	2.2	5.8	6.8	7.9	14.1	24.5	25.4	29.9	33.7	37.0	46.1
	C1	2.9	6.3	8.4	11.9	19.2	25.8	30.8	37.1	39.9	43.4	48.1
	C2	3.2	6.9	10.1	16.2	24.3	30.5	36.7	41.2	47.2	59.3	64.1
	D1	3.5	8.0	10.1	12.3	18.0	28.3	34.6	38.9	49.5	52.7	58.4
	D2	3.4	7.9	11.1	12.1	16.7	24.0	30.5	37.6	46.4	51.6	61.7
Ⅱ	A1	0.5	1.1	1.7	2.7	4.1	6.9	11.5	17.4	22.4	26.1	29.1
	A2	0.5	1.3	2.4	3.6	5.2	8.1	11.8	18.0	26.5	32.4	39.1
	A3	0.5	1.3	2.7	3.9	5.5	7.6	11.4	16.0	25.3	31.2	34.0
	B1	0.7	1.3	2.2	3.4	5.3	9.4	14.1	19.3	26.1	31.0	33.9
	B2	0.8	1.5	2.5	3.6	4.8	9.5	14.0	19.7	27.5	30.7	38.0
	B3	1.0	2.0	3.1	4.2	5.4	11.6	15.9	21.6	32.5	36.0	40.4
	C1	0.5	0.9	1.5	2.7	3.9	6.9	9.6	13.1	17.2	20.8	22.4
	C2	0.8	1.4	2.4	3.9	4.7	8.5	11.0	15.7	18.7	23.6	27.1
	C3	0.9	1.8	4.0	5.6	5.7	10.5	13.3	19.2	22.0	28.1	32.6
Ⅲ	A1	0.9	1.8	3.8	6.3	11.7	18.4	31.9	27.6	29.7	32.5	35.0
	A2	0.9	1.7	3.2	5.5	10.9	20.6	43.1	41.2	42.2	44.8	45.8
	B1	1.0	2.1	3.5	6.9	11.9	17.7	22.4	28.6	35.2	39.8	41.7
	B2	1.0	2.2	3.7	5.9	11.1	17.5	19.2	28.8	36.1	39.9	47.1
	C1	1.4	2.5	4.0	7.1	11.3	18.5	25.0	34.2	46.5	56.0	59.3
	C2	1.3	2.4	4.1	6.5	11.0	16.9	22.6	31.3	45.8	57.2	67.0
	D1	0.9	1.9	3.5	6.7	10.8	17.5	22.5	29.6	34.3	41.2	46.4
	D2	1.1	2.0	3.1	5.1	9.2	14.9	18.2	23.9	34.6	39.8	48.3

测点 Point	Ⅰ			Ⅱ			Ⅲ
测点 Point	β₁	β₂	R²	β₁	β₂	R²	β₁	β₂	R²
A1	0.053	-0.074	0.998	0.057	-0.694	0.992	0.052	-0.214	0.961
A2	0.060	0.134	0.994	0.074	-0.966	0.990	0.081	-0.576	0.945
A3	0.046	0.422	0.990	0.065	-0.813	0.988	—	—	—
B1	0.069	-0.299	0.993	0.065	-0.766	0.994	0.071	-0.602	0.993
B2	0.051	-0.191	0.991	0.070	-0.860	0.994	0.081	-0.812	0.997
B3	0.060	-0.244	0.991	0.077	-0.901	0.991	—	—	—
C1	0.059	-0.045	0.992	0.042	-0.473	0.995	0.111	-1.248	0.995
C2	0.084	-0.290	0.997	0.047	-0.502	0.997	0.125	-1.541	0.994
C3	—	—	—	0.054	-0.540	0.997	—	—	—
D1	0.079	-0.313	0.995	—	—	—	0.080	-0.770	0.997
D2	0.085	-0.494	0.999				0.086	-0.979	0.997

频率 Frequency/Hz	综合得分 Comprehensive scores
频率 Frequency/Hz	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ
10	0	79.1	4.9
12	47.0	79.1	4.9
14	47.0	79.1	51.9
16	41.1	78.3	61.8
18	72.0	93.7	100.0
20	100.0	100.0	99.4
22	90.0	73.8	84.7
24	68.4	37.1	62.7
26	40.4	0.0	11.7
28	4.2	11.5	0.0
30	22.9	31.0	22.0

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编号 No.	成熟果实 Mature	未成熟果实 Immature
Ⅰ	85.0	30.3
Ⅱ	74.1	37.8
Ⅲ	80.8	29.1
平均值Mean	80.0	32.4

编号 No.	成熟果实 Mature	未成熟果实 Immature
Ⅰ	85.0	30.3
Ⅱ	74.1	37.8
Ⅲ	80.8	29.1
平均值Mean	80.0	32.4