导苗管式三七种苗栽植机构参数优化试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.22

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 614-625.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.22

导苗管式三七种苗栽植机构参数优化试验

秦伟¹(), 于英杰¹^,^*(), 赖庆辉¹, 占才学², 袁海阔³, 张海军¹

1.昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南昆明 650500
2.农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,江苏南京 210014
3.吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,吉林长春 130022

收稿日期:2020-09-20 出版日期:2022-03-25 发布日期:2022-03-30
作者简介:*于英杰,E-mail: 646677093@qq.com
秦伟(1994—),男,山东济南人,硕士,主要研究农业机械装备与计算机测控。E-mail: 1240672079@qq.com
通讯作者: 于英杰
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31960366);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0700600);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0700604);云南省重大科技专项(2018ZC001-3);昆明理工大学三七研究与开发省创新团队

Parameter optimization experiment of seedling guiding tube transplanting machine of Panax notoginseng seedling

QIN Wei¹(), YU Yingjie¹^,^*(), LAI Qinghui¹, ZHAN Caixue², YUAN Haikuo³, ZHANG Haijun¹

1. Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2. Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
3. College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China

Received:2020-09-20 Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-03-30
Contact: YU Yingjie

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现三七种苗的定向移栽,设计了一种导苗管式三七种苗栽植机构,对导苗管式三七种苗栽植机构作业时的定向过程、导苗过程机理进行了分析,确定了影响种苗栽植的主要因素;采用EDEM软件进行了定向过程的单因素仿真试验,根据仿真试验结果搭建了定向台架,进行了定向机构定向性能的正交试验,确定了定向机构优化后的工作参数组合。选取机组前进速度、定向盘转速和导苗管倾斜角度为试验因素,进行三因素五水平正交旋转中心组合试验,建立了株距合格率和重栽率的数学模型,分析了各试验因素及其交互作用对株距合格率和重栽率的影响规律,优化了参数组合,结果表明:当导苗管倾斜角度的水平固定为74.32°,机组前进速度为0.95~1.11 km·h^-1,定向盘转速为24.32~27.57 r·min^-1,此时栽植机构的株距合格率大于90%,重栽率小于5%。为验证优化结果的可靠性,进行了栽植机构台架性能的验证性试验,设置机组前进速度1 km·h^-1,定向盘转速25 r·min^-1,导苗管倾斜角度为75°,此时株距合格率为90.6%,重栽率为4.2%,试验结果符合国家作业标准,满足三七种苗移栽的农艺要求。

关键词: 导苗管, 三七, 栽植机构, 定向, 响应曲面法

Abstract:

In order to realize the directional transplanting of Panax notoginseng seedlings, a seedling guiding tube transplanting machine of P. notoginseng seedlings was designed. The directional process and the mechanism of the seedling guiding process during the operation of the seedling guiding tube transplanting machine of P. notoginseng seedlings were analyzed, and the main factors affecting the planting of seedlings were determined. The single-factor simulation test of the directional process was carried out by using EDEM software, the directional platform was built according to the simulation test results, the orthogonal test of the directional performance of the directional mechanism was carried out, and the better parameter working combination of the directional mechanism was determined. The operating speed of the unit, the rotation speed of the directional plate and the inclination angle of the seedling guide tube were selected as the experimental factors, the orthogonal rotation combined test with three factors and five level was carried out and a mathematical model of the qualified rate of planting spacing and replanting rate were established, and the influence of the interaction of various experimental factors on the qualified rate of plant spacing and replanting rate was analyzed. The optimal combination of parameters of the transplanting machine obtained by response surface method of central composite. The results showed that when the inclination angle of the seedling guide tube was fixed at 74.32°, the bench forward speed of the unit was 0.95-1.11 km·h^-1, the rotation speed of the directional plate was 24.32-27.57 r·min^-1, the qualified rate of the plant spacing was more than 90%, and the replanting rate was less than 5%. In order to verify the reliability of the optimization results, the verification test of the performance of the transplanting machine was carried out, the bench forward speed of the unit was 1 km·h^-1, the rotation speed of the directional plate was 25 r·min^-1, and the inclination angle of the seedling guide tube was 75°. At this time, the qualified rate of plant spacing was 90.6%, the replanting rate was 4.2%. The results were in accordance with the national standard, meeting the agronomic requirements of P. notoginseng seedling transplanting.

Key words: seedling guiding tube, Panax notoginseng, transplanting machine, directional, response surface method

中图分类号:

S223.9

秦伟, 于英杰, 赖庆辉, 占才学, 袁海阔, 张海军. 导苗管式三七种苗栽植机构参数优化试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(3): 614-625.

QIN Wei, YU Yingjie, LAI Qinghui, ZHAN Caixue, YUAN Haikuo, ZHANG Haijun. Parameter optimization experiment of seedling guiding tube transplanting machine of Panax notoginseng seedling[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(3): 614-625.

图/表 21

图1 导苗管式三七种苗栽植机构 1,开沟器;2,机架;3,电机;4,同步带Ⅰ;5,同步带Ⅱ; 6,接苗盘;7,接苗斗;8,定向斗;9,定向盘;10,固定环;11,中间承接筒;12,导苗管;13,镇压轮。

Fig.1 Structure of seedling guiding tube transplanting machine of P.notoginseng seedling 1, Ditcher; 2, Frame; 3, Motor; 4, Synchronous belt Ⅰ; 5, Synchronous belt Ⅱ; 6, Seedling plate; 7, Seedling hopper; 8, Directional bucket; 9, Directional plate; 10, Fixed ring; 11, Intermediate receptacle tube; 12, Seedling tube; 13, Packer wheel.

图2 三七种苗结构图

Fig.2 Structure diagram of P.notoginseng seedlings

图3 三七种苗定向过程

Fig.3 The directional process of P.notoginseng seedlings

图4 定向过程三七种苗受力情况图

Fig.4 Force diagram of P.notoginseng seedling in directional process

图5 种苗落入承接筒后运动简图

Fig.5 Movement sketch of seedlings falling into intermediate receptacle tube

图6 种苗落入导苗管后运动过程简图

Fig.6 Movement sketch of seedlings falling into seedling tube

图7 种苗落地过程简图

Fig.7 Movement sketch of seedlings falling into ground

图8 颗粒填充

Fig.8 Particle filling

图9 定向机构模型

Fig.9 Directional mechanism model

图10 定向仿真试验

Fig.10 Directional mechanism simulation test

图11 各因素对定向合格率的影响

Fig.11 Influence of various factors on directional qualification rate

图12 定向机构

Fig.12 Directional mechanism

表1 试验因素编码

Table 1 Code of test factors

水平 Level	试验因素Test factors
水平 Level	A/(r·min^-1)	B/°	C
1	20	15	一级Grade 1
2	25	20	二级Grade 2
3	30	25	三级Grade 3

表2 试验方案与结果

Table 2 Experimental scheme and test results

序号 No.	A	B	C	B×C	X/%
1	1	1	1	1	79.21
2	1	2	2	2	89.35
3	1	3	3	3	82.30
4	2	1	2	3	74.31
5	2	2	3	1	76.73
6	2	3	1	2	72.56
7	3	1	3	2	57.33
8	3	2	1	3	65.11
9	3	3	2	1	61.29
X /%	86.32	70.28	72.29	72.41
	74.52	76.93	74.98	73.08
	61.24	72.05	72.12	73.91
	25.08 a	6.65 b	2.86 c	1.50

表3 方差分析

Table 3 Variance analysis

方差来源 Sources	SS	df	F	P
A	759.91	2	225.34	0.004 4
B	74.22	2	22.01	0.043 5
C	15.46	2	4.59	0.179 0
误差Error	3.37	2
总和Sum	852.97	8

图13 栽植机构试验台

Fig.13 Bench test of transplanting machine

表4 试验因素编码

Table 4 Code of test factors

编码 Code	试验因素Test factors
编码 Code	D₁/(km·h^-1)	D₂/(r·min^-1)	D₃/°
-1.682	0.8	20	60
-1	0.88	22	65
0	1.0	25	75
1	1.12	28	80
1.682	1.2	30	85

表5 试验设计方案及结果

Table 5 Test design scheme and results

序号 No.	试验因素Test factors			试验结果Test results
序号 No.	D₁/ (km·h^-1)	D₂/ (r·min^-1)	D₃/(°)	Y₁/%	Y₂/%
1	-1	-1	-1	65.2	18.1
2	1	-1	-1	71.6	13.7
3	-1	1	-1	67.7	15.6
4	1	1	-1	80.4	7.1
5	-1	-1	1	73.4	9.5
6	1	-1	1	70.5	12.4
7	-1	1	1	82.2	7.7
8	1	1	1	83.7	10.9
9	-1.682	0	0	71.5	13.7
10	1.682	0	0	84.6	8.0
11	0	-1.682	0	70.8	14.6
12	0	1.682	0	81.3	9.8
13	0	0	-1.682	71.2	14.3
14	0	0	1.682	78.5	14.8
15	0	0	0	90.6	4.3
16	0	0	0	91.3	5.9
17	0	0	0	91.5	1.5
18	0	0	0	93.3	4.8
19	0	0	0	92.3	3.5
20	0	0	0	82.5	7.3
21	0	0	0	95.1	2.3
22	0	0	0	89.7	6.6
23	0	0	0	93.1	1.8

表6 方差分析表

Table 6 Table of variance analysis

来源 Sources	Y₁		Y₂
来源 Sources	F	P	F	P
模型Model	22.193 27	<0.000 1	11.943 95	<0.000 1
D₁	12.241 75	0.003 9	4.494 047	0.046 9
D₂	20.137 84	0.000 6	7.014 978	0.020 1
D₃	10.718 27	0.006 0	2.898 229	0.112 5
D₁D₂	1.515 662	0.240 1	0.412 58	0.531 8
D₁D₃	5.563 427	0.034 7	10.314 49	0.006 8
D₂D₃	1.515 662	0.240 1	0.961 162	0.344 8
$D 12$	39.085 18	<0.000 1	16.050 8	0.001 5
$D 22$	51.395 87	<0.000 1	24.166 66	0.000 3
$D 32$	59.590 03	<0.000 1	42.241 73	<0.000 1
失拟项	0.313 803	0.891 3	0.943 585	0.502 4
Lack of fit

表6 方差分析表

Table 6 Table of variance analysis

来源 Sources	Y₁		Y₂
来源 Sources	F	P	F	P
模型Model	22.193 27	<0.000 1	11.943 95	<0.000 1
D₁	12.241 75	0.003 9	4.494 047	0.046 9
D₂	20.137 84	0.000 6	7.014 978	0.020 1
D₃	10.718 27	0.006 0	2.898 229	0.112 5
D₁D₂	1.515 662	0.240 1	0.412 58	0.531 8
D₁D₃	5.563 427	0.034 7	10.314 49	0.006 8
D₂D₃	1.515 662	0.240 1	0.961 162	0.344 8
$D 12$	39.085 18	<0.000 1	16.050 8	0.001 5
$D 22$	51.395 87	<0.000 1	24.166 66	0.000 3
$D 32$	59.590 03	<0.000 1	42.241 73	<0.000 1
失拟项	0.313 803	0.891 3	0.943 585	0.502 4
Lack of fit

图14 各因素对株距合格率影响的响应面

Fig.14 Response surface of factors affecting the qualified rate of planting space

表7 试验验证结果

Table 7 Results of tests

序号 No.	D₁/ (km·h^-1)	D₂/ (r·min^-1)	Y₁/%	Y₂/%
1	1.0	25	89.3	4.9
2	1.0	25	91.6	3.8
3	1.0	25	91.2	3.6
4	1.0	25	90.1	4.5
5	1.0	25	90.8	4.2

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导苗管式三七种苗栽植机构参数优化试验

Parameter optimization experiment of seedling guiding tube transplanting machine of Panax notoginseng seedling

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