交易成本视角下日本土壤污染防治策略与启示

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.04.23

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 859-869.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.04.23

交易成本视角下日本土壤污染防治策略与启示

王琳¹(), 王娇娇¹, 曾辉祥²^,^*()

1.中国地质大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉 430074
2.中南大学商学院,湖南长沙 410083

收稿日期:2021-05-21 出版日期:2022-04-25 发布日期:2022-04-28
通讯作者: 曾辉祥
作者简介:*曾辉祥,E-mail: zenghuixiang1120@163.com
王琳(1979—),女,湖南长沙人,博士,副教授,研究方向为环境会计、自然资源会计。E-mail: wanglin@cug.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(71904208)

Strategies and implications of soil pollution prevention and control in Japan from perspective of transaction costs

WANG Lin¹(), WANG Jiaojiao¹, ZENG Huixiang²^,^*()

1. School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2. Business School, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Received:2021-05-21 Online:2022-04-25 Published:2022-04-28
Contact: ZENG Huixiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

日本自20世纪70年代起,颁布了一系列土壤污染防治法律,并不断依据国土、人口资源和经济结构的变化对其进行完善与修改,逐步建立起一套较为系统的土壤污染防治管理体系,成为全球土壤污染防治最先进的国家之一。基于土壤污染防治交易成本的角度,研究比较日本针对点源和非点源土壤污染采用不同政策工具而产生的搜索成本、谈判成本和执行成本。研究发现:日本对点源土壤污染实现有效防治的策略在于综合运用政策规制、经济工具和教育工具;而对于非点源土壤污染地区来说,污染源头不易监察,搜索成本巨大,命令性政策规制的效果不佳,有效的防治策略是运用交易成本较低的教育工具。在我国土壤污染防治过程中,可借鉴日本经验,充分运用政策规制、经济工具和教育工具,从立法执法、分区治理、强化污染物排放披露等方面优化土壤污染防治措施,从而提高土壤污染防治效率和质量。

关键词: 交易成本, 土壤污染, 防治策略, 政策规制, 经济工具, 教育工具

Abstract:

Since the 1970s, Japan has promulgated a series of soil pollution prevention and control laws, which have been continuously improved and revised according to the changes of population, resources and economic structure. Thus, Japan has gradually established a set of systematic soil pollution prevention and control management system, which makes Japan one of the most advanced countries in the world for soil pollution prevention and control. Based on the transaction costs of soil pollution prevention and control, we compared the search cost, negotiation cost and execution cost of different policy tools adopted by Japan for point source and non-point source soil pollution. It is found that that the key strategy to realize effective prevention and control against point source soil pollution in Japan lies in the comprehensive use of policies and regulations, economic tools and educational tools. For non-point source soil pollution areas in Japan, the sources of pollution are difficult to monitor, the search cost is huge, and the effect of mandatory policy regulation is not good. Thus, the strategy is to use educational tools with low transaction costs. In the process of soil pollution prevention and control in China, we can learn from Japan’s experiences, make full use of policies and regulations, economic tools and educational tools, and optimize soil pollution prevention and control measures from the aspects of legislation and law enforcement, zoning governance, and enhanced disclosure of pollutant discharge, so as to improve the efficiency and quality of soil pollution prevention and control.

Key words: transaction cost, soil pollution, prevention strategy, policy regulation, economic tools, educational tools

中图分类号:

王琳, 王娇娇, 曾辉祥. 交易成本视角下日本土壤污染防治策略与启示[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(4): 859-869.

WANG Lin, WANG Jiaojiao, ZENG Huixiang. Strategies and implications of soil pollution prevention and control in Japan from perspective of transaction costs[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(4): 859-869.

图/表 4

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指标 Index	《农业用地土壤污染防治法》 Law on the prevention and control of soil pollution in agricultural land	《土壤污染防治法》 Law on prevention and control of soil pollution
颁布年份 Year of enactment	1970	2002
保护的对象 Protected object	公民的健康、生活环境 The health and living environment of citizens	公民的健康 Health of citizens
目的 Purpose	防止农业用地的土壤受到规定的有害物质污染,合理使用受污染的农地 Prevent the soil of agricultural land from being polluted by prescribed harmful substances, rational use of contaminated agricultural land	防止污染对人类造成伤害 Prevent pollution from harming people
目标土地 Target land	农业用地,如用于耕作的土地、牲畜牧场或收割牧草以供牲畜牧场使用的土地 Agricultural land, such as land used for farming, livestock pasture, or land for pasturage	曾作为使用有害物质的特定设施的工厂或工作场所的用地,用于挖掘和其他形式或性质改变的土地,怀疑因土壤污染而构成健康危害的土地 Land used as a factory or workplace for a specific facility using hazardous substances, or used for excavation and other changes in form or character, or suspected of being hazard to health due to soil contamination
指定污染物 Designated pollutant	镉、铜、砷及其化合物 Cadmium, copper, arsenic and their compounds	26种物质,如挥发性有机化合物,重金属和农药 26 substances, such as volatile organic compounds, heavy metals and pesticides

指标 Index	《农业用地土壤污染防治法》 Law on the prevention and control of soil pollution in agricultural land	《土壤污染防治法》 Law on prevention and control of soil pollution
颁布年份 Year of enactment	1970	2002
保护的对象 Protected object	公民的健康、生活环境 The health and living environment of citizens	公民的健康 Health of citizens
目的 Purpose	防止农业用地的土壤受到规定的有害物质污染,合理使用受污染的农地 Prevent the soil of agricultural land from being polluted by prescribed harmful substances, rational use of contaminated agricultural land	防止污染对人类造成伤害 Prevent pollution from harming people
目标土地 Target land	农业用地,如用于耕作的土地、牲畜牧场或收割牧草以供牲畜牧场使用的土地 Agricultural land, such as land used for farming, livestock pasture, or land for pasturage	曾作为使用有害物质的特定设施的工厂或工作场所的用地,用于挖掘和其他形式或性质改变的土地,怀疑因土壤污染而构成健康危害的土地 Land used as a factory or workplace for a specific facility using hazardous substances, or used for excavation and other changes in form or character, or suspected of being hazard to health due to soil contamination
指定污染物 Designated pollutant	镉、铜、砷及其化合物 Cadmium, copper, arsenic and their compounds	26种物质,如挥发性有机化合物,重金属和农药 26 substances, such as volatile organic compounds, heavy metals and pesticides

土壤污染防治策略 Soil pollution prevention and control strategy		交易成本Transaction cost			效果 Effect	交易成本承担者Transaction cost bearers
土壤污染防治策略 Soil pollution prevention and control strategy		搜索成本 Search cost	谈判成本 Negotiation cost	执行成本 Execution cost	效果 Effect	企业 Enterprise	监督机构 Watchdog	个人 Personal
政策规制 Policies and	制定排放标准 Setting emission standards	++	+	+++	++	√	√	×
regulations	规定生产方法 Prescribed production methods	++	++	++	++	√	√	×
	分区Partition	+	+	++	+++	√	√	√
经济工具	税费Taxes and fees	++	+	+++	+	√	√	√
Economic tools	补贴Subsidies	+	++	+	++	√	√	√
	排污许可证交易 Emission permit trading	++	++	+++	+	√	√	×
教育工具	责任法Liability law	+	+	+	+++	√	√	√
Educational tools	PRTR制度PRTR system	+	+	++	+++	√	√	√

土壤污染防治策略 Soil pollution prevention and control strategy		交易成本Transaction cost			效果 Effect	交易成本承担者Transaction cost bearers
土壤污染防治策略 Soil pollution prevention and control strategy		搜索成本 Search cost	谈判成本 Negotiation cost	执行成本 Execution cost	效果 Effect	企业 Enterprise	监督机构 Watchdog	个人 Personal
政策规制 Policies and	制定排放标准 Setting emission standards	++	+	+++	++	√	√	×
regulations	规定生产方法 Prescribed production methods	++	++	++	++	√	√	×
	分区Partition	+	+	++	+++	√	√	√
经济工具	税费Taxes and fees	++	+	+++	+	√	√	√
Economic tools	补贴Subsidies	+	++	+	++	√	√	√
	排污许可证交易 Emission permit trading	++	++	+++	+	√	√	×
教育工具	责任法Liability law	+	+	+	+++	√	√	√
Educational tools	PRTR制度PRTR system	+	+	++	+++	√	√	√

有害物质 Harmful substances	允许限值 Permissible exposure limit/(mg·L^-1)
氰化物Cyanide	1
铅及其化合物Lead and its compounds	0.1
砷及其化合物Arsenic and its compounds	0.1
多氯联苯Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB_S)	0.003
四氯乙烯Tetrachloroethylene	0.1
四氯化碳Carbon tetrachloride	0.02
氨、铵化合物、硝酸氮和亚硝酸氮	100
Ammonia and ammonium compounds, nitric and nitrite nitrogen
总汞Total mercury	0.005
三氯乙烯Trichloroethylene	0.3
二氯甲烷Methylene chloride	0.2

交易成本视角下日本土壤污染防治策略与启示

Strategies and implications of soil pollution prevention and control in Japan from perspective of transaction costs

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