东北三省1987—2018年的种植业氮素投入与未来减施潜力

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.04.22

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 851-858.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.04.22

东北三省1987—2018年的种植业氮素投入与未来减施潜力

李柏霖¹(), 焉莉¹^,^*(), 王继岩¹, 高瑞雪¹, 郭黎卿²^,^*()

1.吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春 130118
2.生态环境部环境规划院总量控制与排放交易研究中心,北京 100012

收稿日期:2021-03-19 出版日期:2022-04-25 发布日期:2022-04-28
通讯作者: 焉莉,郭黎卿
作者简介:郭黎卿,E-mail: lunwen201906@163.com
*焉莉,E-mail: yanli02002@qq.com;
李柏霖(1995—),男,吉林洮南人,硕士研究生,主要从事农业面源污染研究。 E-mail: Berlinlee@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201804);吉林省自然科学基金(20170101004JC)

Nitrogen application rate and reduction potential in northeast China in 1987-2018

LI Bolin¹(), YAN Li¹^,^*(), WANG Jiyan¹, GAO Ruixue¹, GUO Liqing²^,^*()

1. College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
2. Research Centre for Total Control and Emission Trading, Environmental Planning Institute, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China

Received:2021-03-19 Online:2022-04-25 Published:2022-04-28
Contact: YAN Li,GUO Liqing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以东北三省(黑龙江、吉林、辽宁)为研究区,先分析其1987—2018年的化肥氮素投入情况,然后从作物养分需求出发,以2018年为基准,评估东北三省的作物需氮量和氮肥利用率,并对短期、中期、长期情景下的化肥氮素减施空间进行预测。结果表明,1987—2018年,东北三省的化肥氮素投入量总体呈现上升趋势。基于平衡法测算,2018年黑龙江省的氮肥利用率高达157.11%,土壤中的氮素严重耗竭,而吉林省和辽宁省的氮肥利用率分别为69.00%和69.27%,尚处于平衡状态。在短期、中期和长期情景下,黑龙江省的化肥氮素均无减施空间。在短期情景下,吉林省和辽宁省分别有47.19%和46.99%的减施空间;在中期情景下,吉林省和辽宁省可保持现有的施氮量不变;在长期情景下,若采用有机肥部分替代化肥,吉林省和辽宁省的化肥氮素减施空间分别为26.07%和25.78%。

关键词: 化肥减施, 作物养分需求, 氮肥

Abstract:

In the present study, northeast China (including Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province and Liaoning Province) was selected as the study area. Firstly, the nitrogen application rate in 1987-2018 was investigated. Then, the nitrogen demand and nitrogen utilization rate were calculated based on the situation of 2018, and the nitrogen reduction potentials under short-term, mid-term, long-term scenarios were evaluated, respectively. It was shown that the nitrogen application rate in northeast China exhibited an overall increasing trend in 1987-2018. The nitrogen utilization rate in Heilongjiang Province was 157.11% in 2018, indicating high consumption of soil nitrogen; while the nitrogen utilization rate was 69.00% and 69.27% in Jilin Province and Liaoning Province, respectively, indicating tight balance of nitrogen input and output. Under short-term, mid-term and long-term scenarios, there was no nitrogen reduction potential in Heilongjiang Province. Under short-term scenario, the nitrogen reduction potential was 47.19% and 46.99% in Jilin Province and Liaoning Province, respectively. Under mid-term scenario, there was no nitrogen reduction potential in Jilin Province and Liaoning Province. Under long-term scenario, with application of organic fertilizers, the nitrogen reduction potential was 26.07% and 25.78% in Jilin Province and Liaoning Province, respectively.

Key words: chemical fertilizer reduction, crop nutrient demand, nitrogen fertilizer

中图分类号:

S147.22
X53

李柏霖, 焉莉, 王继岩, 高瑞雪, 郭黎卿. 东北三省1987—2018年的种植业氮素投入与未来减施潜力[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(4): 851-858.

LI Bolin, YAN Li, WANG Jiyan, GAO Ruixue, GUO Liqing. Nitrogen application rate and reduction potential in northeast China in 1987-2018[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(4): 851-858.

图/表 4

参考文献 31

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作物 Crop	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	吉林 Jilin	辽宁 Liaoning	东北三省 Northeast China
玉米Corn	91.59	64.40	38.24	194.23
水稻Rice	39.21	9.44	6.10	54.75
小麦Wheat	0.89	<0.01	0.03	0.92
大豆Soybean	47.36	3.97	1.30	52.62
谷子Millet	0.29	0.46	0.71	1.45
马铃薯Potato	0.40	0.18	0.15	0.72
甜菜Beet	0.25	0.01	0.06	0.32
烟叶Tobacco	0.13	0.10	0.07	0.30
蔬菜Vegetables	2.74	1.89	8.00	12.64
花生Peanut	0.22	3.51	3.36	7.09
芝麻Sesame	<0.01	0.01	<0.01	0.02
合计Total	183.08	83.97	58.02	325.07

作物 Crop	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	吉林 Jilin	辽宁 Liaoning	东北三省 Northeast China
玉米Corn	91.59	64.40	38.24	194.23
水稻Rice	39.21	9.44	6.10	54.75
小麦Wheat	0.89	<0.01	0.03	0.92
大豆Soybean	47.36	3.97	1.30	52.62
谷子Millet	0.29	0.46	0.71	1.45
马铃薯Potato	0.40	0.18	0.15	0.72
甜菜Beet	0.25	0.01	0.06	0.32
烟叶Tobacco	0.13	0.10	0.07	0.30
蔬菜Vegetables	2.74	1.89	8.00	12.64
花生Peanut	0.22	3.51	3.36	7.09
芝麻Sesame	<0.01	0.01	<0.01	0.02
合计Total	183.08	83.97	58.02	325.07

区域 Region	氮素输出 Nitrogen output/10⁴t	氮素输入 Nitrogen input/10⁴t	氮肥利用率 Nitrogen utilization rate/%
黑龙江	183.08	116.53	157.11
Heilongjiang
吉林Jilin	83.97	121.69	69.00
辽宁Liaoning	58.02	83.76	69.27
东北三省	325.07	321.98	100.96
Northeast China

区域 Region	氮素输出 Nitrogen output/10⁴t	氮素输入 Nitrogen input/10⁴t	氮肥利用率 Nitrogen utilization rate/%
黑龙江	183.08	116.53	157.11
Heilongjiang
吉林Jilin	83.97	121.69	69.00
辽宁Liaoning	58.02	83.76	69.27
东北三省	325.07	321.98	100.96
Northeast China

指标 Index	情景 Scenario	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	吉林 Jilin	辽宁 Liaoning	东北三省 Northeast China
化肥氮素投入	2018年现状Current situation in 2018	116.53	121.69	83.76	321.98
Nitrogen application rate/10⁴ t	短期Short-term	140.11	64.26	44.40	248.77
	中期Mid-term	280.22	128.52	88.81	497.55
	长期Long-term	196.16	89.96	62.17	348.29
化肥氮素减施空间	短期Short-term	-20.24	47.19	46.99	22.74
Nitrogen reduction potential/%	中期Mid-term	-140.48	-5.62	-6.03	-54.53
	长期Long-term	-68.34	26.07	25.78	-8.17

东北三省1987—2018年的种植业氮素投入与未来减施潜力

Nitrogen application rate and reduction potential in northeast China in 1987-2018

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