不同饵料对室内立体养殖拟穴青蟹生长与摄食环境的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.11.10

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 2404-2415.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.11.10

不同饵料对室内立体养殖拟穴青蟹生长与摄食环境的影响

蔡逸龙¹(), 张利兵², 胡高宇¹, 肖国强¹, 蔡景波¹, 张翔^*()

1.浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江省近岸水域生物资源开发与保护重点实验室,温州市海洋生物遗传育种重点实验室浙江温州 325005
2.乐清市农业农村局,浙江乐清 325699

收稿日期:2022-03-02 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2022-11-29
通讯作者: 张翔
作者简介:*张翔,E-mail: jhon618@126.com
蔡逸龙(1992—),男,浙江瑞安人,学士,助理工程师,主要从事海水水质检测研究。E-mail: 2547325641@qq.com
基金资助:
浙江省重点研发计划(2019C02045);浙江省重点研发计划(2018C02039)

Effects of different diets on growth performance and environmental water quality of Scylla paramamosain cultured in carb apartment

CAI Yilong¹(), ZHANG Libing², HU Gaoyu¹, XIAO Guoqiang¹, CAI Jingbo¹, ZHANG Xiang^*()

1. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang, China
2. Yueqing Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Yueqing 325699, Zhejiang, China

Received:2022-03-02 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2022-11-29
Contact: ZHANG Xiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同饵料对室内立体养殖(蟹公寓)拟穴青蟹生长性能和摄食环境的影响,通过投喂不同饵料(缢蛏、鲜鱼肉、青蟹配合饲料和鳗鱼配合饲料),采用标准方法对青蟹摄食过程中的生长和环境水质参数进行分析。结果显示,特定生长率方面,缢蛏组最高(1.15%·d^-1),鳗鱼饲料组(0.56%·d^-1)次之,同时除缢蛏组外,其他饵料组特定生长率与pH值、溶解氧、氨氮等显著相关。存活率方面,缢蛏组与水质指标均无显著相关性,鱼肉组仅与活性磷酸盐、亚硝氮显著相关,两种人工配合饲料组与活性磷酸盐、悬浮颗粒物、溶解氧、pH值、亚硝氮等指标显著相关。除水温度和盐度外,水质指标主要受饵料投喂的影响。水质综合污染指数显示,摄食过程中4种饵料组均处于污染状态,同时环境富营养化(NQI≥8.5),但缢蛏组富营养化程度最低。研究表明,缢蛏是最优的蟹公寓养殖饵料,其饲喂的青蟹具有较高生长性能,且养殖水体环境更优。综合考虑养殖成本,配合饲料也适于蟹公寓养殖青蟹,但需进一步改善摄食环境水质。研究结果为设施化拟穴青蟹养殖的饵料选择和管理措施优化提供了技术依据。

关键词: 蟹公寓, 拟穴青蟹, 生长性能, 摄食环境, 水质指标

Abstract:

To study the effects of different baits on growth performance and feeding environment of Scylla paramamosain in crab apartment, the growth and environmental water quality parameters of S. paramamosain during aquaculture were analyzed by feeding different baits (Sinonovacula constricta, fresh fish meat, compound feed for green crab and eel compound feed). The results showed that the specific growth rate of S. paramamosain in S. constricta group was the highest (1.15%·d^-1), followed by the eel feed group (0.56%·d^-1). Besides the S. constricta group, the specific growth rate of other bait groups were significantly correlated with pH, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, etc. In terms of survival rate, there was no significant correlation between S. constricta group and water quality indexes, fish group was only significantly correlated with phosphate and nitrite, and significant correlation between two artificial compound diets and active phosphate, suspended particulate matter, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrite and other indexes. In addition to water temperature and salinity, water quality was mainly affected by feeding. The comprehensive pollution index of water quality showed that the four bait groups were in the state of pollution and environmental eutrophication (NQI≥8.5), but the eutrophication degree of S. constricta group was the lowest. The results showed that S. constricta was the best bait for crab apartment breeding, and the green crab fed by S. constricta had higher growth performance and better breeding water environment. Considering the breeding cost, compound feed was also suitable for green crab breeding in crab apartment, but the water quality of feeding environment needed to be further improved. The result provided a technical basis for the selection of bait and the optimization of management measures in the facility culture of S. paramamosain.

Key words: crab apartment, Scylla paramamosain, growth performance, feeding environment, water quality indicator

中图分类号:

S963
S966.5

蔡逸龙, 张利兵, 胡高宇, 肖国强, 蔡景波, 张翔. 不同饵料对室内立体养殖拟穴青蟹生长与摄食环境的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(11): 2404-2415.

CAI Yilong, ZHANG Libing, HU Gaoyu, XIAO Guoqiang, CAI Jingbo, ZHANG Xiang. Effects of different diets on growth performance and environmental water quality of Scylla paramamosain cultured in carb apartment[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(11): 2404-2415.

图/表 11

参考文献 39

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基本营养成分 Proximate composition	水分 Moisture	粗蛋白质 Crude protein	粗灰分 Crude ash	粗脂肪 Crude lipid
鳗鱼饲料	9.80	44.10	16.66	3.92
Eel feed
青蟹配合饲料	10.40	41.68	1.30	10.70
Compound feed
缢蛏^[21-22]	85.56	10.16	2.82	0.55
Sinonovacula constricta
鱼肉^[23]	79.10	18.40	1.17	0.60
Fresh fish

基本营养成分 Proximate composition	水分 Moisture	粗蛋白质 Crude protein	粗灰分 Crude ash	粗脂肪 Crude lipid
鳗鱼饲料	9.80	44.10	16.66	3.92
Eel feed
青蟹配合饲料	10.40	41.68	1.30	10.70
Compound feed
缢蛏^[21-22]	85.56	10.16	2.82	0.55
Sinonovacula constricta
鱼肉^[23]	79.10	18.40	1.17	0.60
Fresh fish

组别 Groups	特定生长率 Special growth rate/(%·d^-1)	肝胰腺指数 Hepatopancreas index/%	存活率 Survival rate/%
缢蛏组SC	1.15±0.12 a	6.97±2.48 a	48.33±0.03 a
鱼肉组FF	0.49±0.04 b	4.96±1.20 a	55.00±0.05 a
配合饲料组CF	0.51±0.08 b	7.28±1.01 a	48.33±0.03 a
鳗鱼饲料组EF	0.56±0.05 b	6.82±1.26 a	43.33±0.03 a

组别 Groups	特定生长率 Special growth rate/(%·d^-1)	肝胰腺指数 Hepatopancreas index/%	存活率 Survival rate/%
缢蛏组SC	1.15±0.12 a	6.97±2.48 a	48.33±0.03 a
鱼肉组FF	0.49±0.04 b	4.96±1.20 a	55.00±0.05 a
配合饲料组CF	0.51±0.08 b	7.28±1.01 a	48.33±0.03 a
鳗鱼饲料组EF	0.56±0.05 b	6.82±1.26 a	43.33±0.03 a

组别 Groups	pH	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen/ (mg·L^-1)	化学需氧量 COD/ (mg·L^-1)	悬浮颗粒物 Suspended particulate matter/ (mg·L^-1)	活性磷酸盐 Phosphate/ (mg·L^-1)	氨氮 Ammonium/ (mg·L^-1)	无机氮 inorganic nitrogen/ (mg·L^-1)
对照组CK	7.7±0.3 a	7.1±0.9 a	2.9±2.4 b	59.9±26.0 b	0.024±0.027 c	0.161±0.204 b	0.150±0.236 b
缢蛏组SC	7.4±0.1 b	4.3±0.7 b	2.9±1.4 b	57.3±10.2 b	0.168±0.050 b	0.851±0.617 ab	1.165±0.043 a
鱼肉组FF	7.5±0.2 b	4.8±1.6 b	3.0±0.7 b	53.7±6.7 b	0.440±0.034 a	0.767±0.453 ab	1.264±0.114 a
配合饲料组CF	7.4±0.4 bc	4.4±1.8 b	4.7±1.2 a	62.6±10.8 a	0.220±0.014 b	0.563±0.338 b	0.804±0.091 a
鳗鱼组EF	7.2±0.2 c	3.0±1.2 c	5.0±1.8 a	72.6±22.1 a	0.132±0.044 b	1.018±0.447 a	1.452±0.121 a

不同饵料对室内立体养殖拟穴青蟹生长与摄食环境的影响

Effects of different diets on growth performance and environmental water quality of Scylla paramamosain cultured in carb apartment

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组别 Groups	活性磷酸盐 Phosphate	氨氮 Ammonium	硝态氮 Nitrate	亚硝氮 Nitrite	悬浮颗粒物 Suspended particulate matter	化学需氧量 COD	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen	pH
缢蛏组SC	-0.434	-0.580	0.605	0.243	-0.075	-0.321	0.080	-0.327
鱼肉组FF	0.502	0.720^*	0.363	0.287	0.618	0.610	0.603	-0.527
配合饲料组CF	-0.585	-0.287	0.260	-0.244	0.147	-0.026	-0.032	-0.731^*
鳗鱼饲料组EF	-0.394	-0.305	0.182	0.535	-0.192	-0.443	0.670^*	-0.199

各组存活率 SR	活性磷酸盐 Phosphate	氨氮 Ammonium	硝态氮 Nitrate	亚硝氮 Nitrite	悬浮颗粒物 Suspended particulate matter	化学需氧量 COD	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen	pH
缢蛏组SC	0.093	-0.035	0.502	0.569	0.257	0.327	0.129	0.296
鱼肉组FF	0.976^*	0.241	0.356	0.803^*	0.111	-0.398	0.674	0.486
配合饲料组CF	0.747^*	0.043	0.285	0.605	-0.825^*	-0.127	0.818^*	0.775^*
鳗鱼饲料组EF	0.817^*	0.029	0.547	0.844^*	0.266	0.628	0.670	0.181

组别 Groups	养殖过程中平均NQI值 Average NQI value in the process of culture	评价 Evaluation
缢蛏组SC	8.50	富营养化 Eutrophication
鱼肉组FF	17.77	富营养化 Eutrophication
配合饲料CF	10.25	富营养化 Eutrophication
鳗鱼饲料EF	8.57	富营养化 Eutrophication
对照组水样CS	2.61	中营养水平 Mesotrophic level

组别 Groups	养殖成本/元 Production cost/Yuan	青蟹增重 Green crabs gain weight/g	青蟹售价/(元·g^-1) Green crab price/(Yuan·g^-1)	收入/元 Revenue/Yuan
缢蛏组SC	194.88	1 147.49	0.2	229.50
鱼肉组FF	66.53	498.63	0.2	99.73
配合饲料组CF	24.36	349.30	0.2	69.86
鳗鱼饲料组EF	21.84	379.24	0.2	75.85

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