霞多丽葡萄果实降异戊二烯香气物质积累及代谢酶活变化分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.20

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 931-941.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.20

霞多丽葡萄果实降异戊二烯香气物质积累及代谢酶活变化分析

张祯¹(), 崔媛媛¹, 陈春霞¹, 冯丽丹¹, 赵勇², 李霁昕¹, 把灵珍¹, 孔祥锦¹, 张煜¹, 蒋玉梅¹^,^*()

1.甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院,甘肃省葡萄与葡萄酒工程学重点实验室,甘肃省葡萄与葡萄酒产业技术中心,甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃莫高实业发展股份有限公司生态农业示范种植园区,甘肃武威 733006

收稿日期:2022-02-21 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-05-05
通讯作者: ^*蒋玉梅,E-mail:794880550@qq.com
作者简介:张祯(1994—),甘肃甘谷人,硕士研究生,主要从事酿酒葡萄香气代谢研究。E-mail:1013697954@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金地区项目(32060514)

Analysis for accumulation of norisoprenoids and changes of metabolic enzyme activities of Chardonnay grape berries

ZHANG Zhen¹(), CUI Yuanyuan¹, CHEN Chunxia¹, FENG Lidan¹, ZHAO Yong², LI Jixin¹, BA Lingzhen¹, KONG Xiangjin¹, ZHANG Yu¹, JIANG Yumei¹^,^*()

1. Gansu Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Research and Development Center of Wine Industry in Gansu Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Ecological Agricultural Demonstration Plantation Area of Gansu Mogao Industrial Development Limited Company, Wuwei 733006, Gansu, China

Received:2022-02-21 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-05-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为确定霞多丽葡萄果实降异戊二烯香气物质的生成和积累规律,试验于2020和2021年连续两个生产季,在果实幼果(花后10 d)至成熟(花后80 d)期间每2周采集样品,测定可滴定酸含量、pH值、可溶性固形物含量、百粒重、总类胡萝卜素含量、降异戊二烯香气物质含量和类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶(CCD)活性,分析其在果实生长期的变化规律,探讨类胡萝卜素含量、CCD活性和降异戊二烯香气物质含量变化的相关性。结果表明,霞多丽葡萄果实生长期共定性定量6种降异戊二烯香气物质,随着果实成熟,降异戊二烯香气物质总含量呈上升趋势;幼果期(花后10~38 d)果实样品CCD活性呈上升趋势,转色期(花后38~52 d)果实样品CCD活性呈下降趋势,成熟期(花后52~80 d)果实样品CCD活性呈上升趋势;总类胡萝卜素含量整体呈下降趋势,但转色期前后会有一个生成积累小高峰;相关性分析显示,CCD活性与总类胡萝卜素含量呈负相关,与游离态和结合态α-紫罗兰酮、β-紫罗兰酮、β-大马士酮以及游离态香叶基丙酮、结合态6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮呈正相关。不同生产季样品比较发现,生产季气候对果实理化指标、总类胡萝卜素含量、CCD活性和降异戊二烯香气物质含量均有影响。

关键词: 霞多丽葡萄, 类胡萝卜素, 类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶(CCD), 降异戊二烯

Abstract:

In order to determine the pattern of production and accumulation for norisoprenoids of Chardonnay grape berries, samples were collected every 2 weeks from young grapes (10 days after flowering) to maturity (80 days after flowering) in two consecutive production seasons in 2020 and 2021. The titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, 100-grain weight, total carotenoids, norisoprenoids and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) enzyme activity were measured, and their change pattern were analyzed during the growth, and the correlation among carotenoids, CCD enzyme activity and norisoprenoids was discussed. The results showed that 6 norisoprenoids were determined during the growth. The total content of norisoprenoids showed an upward trend with the fruit ripened. CCD enzyme activity tended to increase in young fruits (10-38 days after flowering), to decrease in veraison (38-52 days after flowering), and to increase in fruits ripening stage (52-80 days after flowering). The total carotenoid content showed an overall decreasing trend, but there was a small accumulation peak before or after the veraison. The correlation analysis showed that CCD enzyme activity was negatively correlated with total carotenoid content, and positively correlated with free and bound α-ionone, β-ionone, β-damascenone, free geranylacetone, and bound 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one. Comparison of samples from different production seasons found that the climate of the production season had an effect on the physicochemical index, total carotenoid content, CCD enzyme activity and the content of norisoprenoids in the berries.

Key words: Chardonnay grape, carotenoids, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), norisoprenoid

中图分类号:

S663.1

张祯, 崔媛媛, 陈春霞, 冯丽丹, 赵勇, 李霁昕, 把灵珍, 孔祥锦, 张煜, 蒋玉梅. 霞多丽葡萄果实降异戊二烯香气物质积累及代谢酶活变化分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(4): 931-941.

ZHANG Zhen, CUI Yuanyuan, CHEN Chunxia, FENG Lidan, ZHAO Yong, LI Jixin, BA Lingzhen, KONG Xiangjin, ZHANG Yu, JIANG Yumei. Analysis for accumulation of norisoprenoids and changes of metabolic enzyme activities of Chardonnay grape berries[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(4): 931-941.

图/表 7

表1 降异戊二烯香气物质标准曲线方程

Table 1 Standard curve equation of norisoprenoids

香气物质名称 Aroma substance name	标准曲线方程 Standard curve equation	R²
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-Methylhept-5-en-2-one	Y=9×10^-7X-0.531 3	0.990 3
α-紫罗兰酮 α-Ionone	Y=4×10^-7X-0.116 9	0.991 7
β-紫罗兰酮 β-Ionone	Y=1×10^-6X-0.796 2	0.988 5
β-环柠檬醛 β-Cyclocitral	Y=5×10^-7X-0.230 3	0.996 1
β-大马士酮 β-Damascenone	Y=4×10^-7X-0.118 1	0.993 8
香叶基丙酮 Geranylacetone	Y=2×10^-6X-0.077 4	0.995 9

图1 霞多丽葡萄果实发育过程中理化指标变化 A,可滴定酸含量;B,pH值;C,可溶性固形物含量;D,百粒重。不同小写字母表示2020年不同时期之间差异显著(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示2021年不同时期之间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。

Fig.1 Changes of physical and chemical indexes during development of Chardonnay grape berries A, Titratable acid content; B, pH; C, Soluble solids content; D, 100-grain weight. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different periods in 2020 (P<0.05); different capital letters indicate significant differences between different periods in 2021 (P<0.05). The same as below.

图2 霞多丽葡萄果实发育过程中总类胡萝卜素含量的变化

Fig.2 Changes of total carotenoid content during development of Chardonnay grape berries

图3 霞多丽葡萄果实发育过程中CCD活性的变化 A,2020年CCD活性;B,2021年CCD活性。

Fig.3 Changes of CCD activity during development of Chardonnay grape berries A, CCD activity in 2020; B, CCD activity in 2021.

图4 霞多丽葡萄果实发育过程中降异戊二烯香气物质含量的变化 A,2020年降异戊二烯香气物质含量;B,2021年降异戊二烯香气物质含量。

Fig.4 Changes of norisoprenoids during development of Chardonnay grape berries A, The content of norisoprenoids in 2020; B, The content of norisoprenoids in 2021.

图5 霞多丽葡萄果实发育过程中降异戊二烯香气组分OPLS-DA和主要组分的分析 A、B,游离态降异戊二烯香气组分OPLS-DA分析;C、D,结合态降异戊二烯香气组分OPLS-DA分析;E,果实发育过程中游离态β-紫罗兰酮含量变化;F,果实发育过程中游离态结合态β-大马士酮含量变化。

Fig.5 Analysis of OPLS-DA and main components of norisoprenoids during development of Chardonnay grape berries A and B, OPLS-DA analysis of free norisoprenoid components; C and D, OPLS-DA analysis of bound norisoprenoid components; E, The changes of free β-ionone content during fruit development; F, The changes of bound β-damascone content during fruit development.

图6 CCD活性、总类胡萝卜素含量与降异戊二烯香气组分含量相关性分析 *,显著相关(P<0.05);**,极显著相关(P<0.01); F,游离态;B,结合态。

Fig.6 Analysis of correlation between CCD activity, total carotenoid content and norisoprenoids content *, Significant correlation (P<0.05); **, Very significant correlation (P<0.01); F, Free state; B, Bound state.

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霞多丽葡萄果实降异戊二烯香气物质积累及代谢酶活变化分析

Analysis for accumulation of norisoprenoids and changes of metabolic enzyme activities of Chardonnay grape berries

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