有机无机复混肥对小麦生长、土壤养分和重金属含量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.19

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 922-930.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.19

有机无机复混肥对小麦生长、土壤养分和重金属含量的影响

鲁帅¹(), 罗晓刚², 刘全伟², 张屹³, 孟洋昊¹, 李洁¹, 张景来¹^,^*()

1.中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872
2.江西晟健肥业有限公司, 江西九江 332600
3.中国科学院合肥智能机械研究所,安徽合肥 230031

收稿日期:2022-05-17 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-05-05
作者简介:鲁帅(1992—),男,山东济南人,博士研究生,研究方向为农业环境、自然资源管理。E-mail: ls2020@ruc.edu.cn
通讯作者: ^*张景来,E-mail:zhangjl@ruc.edu.cn

Effect of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on wheat growth, nutrients and heavy metal content of soil and wheat

LU Shuai¹(), LUO Xiaogang², LIU Quanwei², ZHANG Yi³, MENG Yanghao¹, LI Jie¹, ZHANG Jinglai¹^,^*()

1. School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
2. Jiangxi Shengjian Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Jiujiang 332600, Jiangxi, China
3. Hefei Institute of Intelligent Machinery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China

Received:2022-05-17 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-05-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究有机无机复混肥对小麦生长、土壤养分和重金属含量的影响,以河北冬小麦为试验对象开展田间试验。试验共设置6个处理组,分别为CK(不施肥)、FP(常规施肥)、SJ40(600 kg·hm^-2 有机无机复混肥+225 kg·hm^-2尿素追肥)、SJ60(900 kg·hm^-2有机无机复混肥+225 kg·hm^-2尿素追肥)、SJ80(1200kg·hm^-2有机无机复混肥+225 kg·hm^-2尿素追肥)和SJ40+30(600 kg·hm^-2有机无机复混肥+450 kg·hm^-2有机无机复混肥追肥)。结果表明:随着有机无机复混肥用量的增加,小麦产量逐渐提高,最高达到9.26 t·hm^-2,与对照组相比,土壤中无机氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量都有所提高。此外,有机无机复混肥的使用还显著降低小麦籽粒Cd和Pb的含量,最大降幅分别为28.8%和30.3%。综上,有机无机复混肥的合理使用能够提高小麦产量、改善土壤性质、降低小麦中重金属含量,在农业生产中具有极大的应用前景。

关键词: 有机肥, 小麦, 土壤养分, 重金属

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on wheat growth, nutrients and heavy metal content of soil and wheat, Hebei winter wheat was used to conduct the field experiments. Six treatment groups were set up in this experiment: CK (without fertilizer), FP (regular fertilizer), SJ40 (600 kg·hm^-2 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer+225 kg·hm^-2urea as additional fertilizer), SJ60 (900 kg·hm^-2 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer+225 kg·hm^-2urea as additional fertilizer), SJ80 (1200 kg·hm^-2 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer+225 kg·hm^-2urea as additional fertilizer), SJ40+30 (600 kg·hm^-2 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer+450 kg·hm^-2 organic-inorganic compound fertilize as additional fertilizer). Results showed that wheat yield gradually increased with the increase amount of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and reached a maximum of 9.26 t·hm^-2, inorganic nitrogen, effective phosphorus, fast-acting potassium and organic matter content in the soil showed an increasing tendency compared with the control group. The use of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers also significantly reduced the contents of Cd and Pb in wheat grain, with maximum reductions of 28.8% and 30.3%, respectively. In conclusion, the rational use of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers could increase wheat yield, improve soil properties, and reduce the content of heavy metals in wheat, which had great application prospects in agricultural production.

Key words: organic fertilizer, wheat, soil nutrients, heavy metals

中图分类号:

鲁帅, 罗晓刚, 刘全伟, 张屹, 孟洋昊, 李洁, 张景来. 有机无机复混肥对小麦生长、土壤养分和重金属含量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(4): 922-930.

LU Shuai, LUO Xiaogang, LIU Quanwei, ZHANG Yi, MENG Yanghao, LI Jie, ZHANG Jinglai. Effect of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on wheat growth, nutrients and heavy metal content of soil and wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(4): 922-930.

图/表 6

图1 不同施肥处理对小麦产量的影响 CK表示不施肥对照组;FP表示习惯施肥处理组,即底施小麦专用肥600 kg·hm-2,追施尿素225 kg·hm-2;SJ40表示底施有机无机复混肥600 kg·hm-2,追施尿素225 kg·hm-2;SJ60表示底施有机无机复混肥900 kg·hm-2,追施尿素225 kg·hm-2;SJ80表示底施有机无机复混肥1 200 kg·hm-2,追施尿素225 kg·hm-2;SJ 40+30表示底施有机无机复混肥600 kg·hm-2,追施有机无机复混肥450 kg·hm-2。柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.1 Effects of different fertilizer treatments on wheat yield CK denotes the no fertilizer control group; FP denotes the regular fertilizer group, 600 kg·hm-2 fertilizer for wheat as the base and 225 kg·hm-2 urea as the topdressing; SJ40 denotes the group that 600 kg·hm-2 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the base and 225 kg·hm-2 urea as the topdressing; SJ60 denotes the group that 900 kg·hm-2 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the base and 225 kg·hm-2 urea as the topdressing; SJ 80 denotes the group that 1 200 kg·hm-2 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the base and 225 kg·hm-2 urea as the topdressing; SJ40+30 denotes the group that 600 kg·hm-2 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the base and 450 kg·hm-2 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the topdressing. Bars marked without the same letters indicated significant difference at P<0.05. The same as below.

图2 不同施肥处理对小麦籽粒和秸秆元素含量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of different fertilization treatments on elemental content of wheat seeds and straw

图3 小麦地上部分营养元素吸收量

Fig.3 Nutrient uptake in above-ground parts of wheat

表1 不同施肥处理对土壤pH及养分含量的影响

Table 1 Effect of different fertilization treatments on soil pH and nutrient content

处理 Treatment	pH值 pH value	无机氮 Inorganic nitrogen/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Effective phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Fast-acting potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic content/ (g·kg^-1)
CK	8.01±0.07 a	16.2±2.2 b	19.3±0.5 a	92.0±5.6 a	18.3±0.8 c
FP	7.98±0.09 a	35.2±5.0 a	23.7±1.9 a	101.0±3.6 a	19.6±1.0 bc
SJ40	7.98±0.08 a	31.5±2.4 a	20.3±3.8 a	102.7±7.5 a	20.3±1.0 bc
SJ60	7.94±0.13 a	33.3±9.1 a	20.9±4.2 a	102.7±5.0 a	20.7±1.0 ab
SJ80	7.98±0.10 a	38.3±9.5 a	23.8±3.1 a	108.7±2.3 a	22.0±1.0 a
SJ40+30	7.95±0.04 a	18.1±3.4 b	20.1±2.4 a	105.7±6.0 a	22.1±1.2 a

图4 小麦籽粒和秸秆中重金属含量

Fig.4 Heavy metal content in seed and straw of wheat

图5 土壤中重金属含量

Fig.5 Heavy metal content in soil

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有机无机复混肥对小麦生长、土壤养分和重金属含量的影响

Effect of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on wheat growth, nutrients and heavy metal content of soil and wheat

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