浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 1338-1348.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.06.11
收稿日期:
2022-12-07
出版日期:
2023-06-25
发布日期:
2023-07-04
通讯作者:
*王依敏,E-mail:963648956@qq.com
作者简介:
武文婷(1973—),女,甘肃张掖人,博士,教授,研究方向为城市绿地生态服务功能价值评估、景观评价、环境优化。E-mail:173899650@qq.com
基金资助:
WU Wenting(), WANG Yimin*(
), QIN Xinzi, SUI Yan, REN Yi
Received:
2022-12-07
Online:
2023-06-25
Published:
2023-07-04
摘要:
竹类植物具有良好的生态效益和极高的美学价值,但目前竹类植物在雨水花园中的相关应用研究基本空白。采用实地调研与数据分析相结合的方法,对杭州市25个雨水花园的竹类植物资源进行分析,包括应用比例、种类组成、生长状况、应用区域和配置模式。结果表明,调研的25个雨水花园中只有5个种植竹类植物,占比为20%。竹类植物种类仅有3种,分别为小琴丝竹(Bambusa multiplex cv. Alphonso-Karri)、箬竹[Indosasa tessellatus(Munro) P. C. Keng]和刚竹(Phyllostachys sulphurea var. viridis R. A. Young),其中小琴丝竹应用最多。应用区域集中在边缘区和缓冲区,蓄水区中没有应用。配置模式主要为丛植和片植。针对杭州市雨水花园竹类植物资源存在应用比例偏低、种类单一、应用区域不够广泛,以及配置模式单调的问题,探讨了雨水花园竹类植物的多样性提升策略、生态适宜性策略,以及种植区域与配置模式拓展策略。研究结果可为雨水花园和海绵城市建设中的竹类植物资源应用拓展和景观多样性提供参考。
中图分类号:
武文婷, 王依敏, 覃鑫姿, 隋艳, 任彝. 杭州市雨水花园竹类植物资源应用现状与优化策略[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(6): 1338-1348.
WU Wenting, WANG Yimin, QIN Xinzi, SUI Yan, REN Yi. Application status and optimization strategy of bamboo resources in rain gardens in Hangzhou,China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(6): 1338-1348.
所属绿地Green space | 竹类名称Bamboo | 绿地类型Green space type |
---|---|---|
古苑公园Guyuan park | 小琴丝竹Bambusa multiplex cv. Alphonso-Karri | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
东湖路市民公园Donghu road civic park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
春华公园Chunhua Park | 小琴丝竹Bambusa multiplex cv. Alphonso-Karri | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
钱塘生态公园Qiantang ecological park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
方家埭郊野公园Fongjiaadai country park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
长桥溪水公园Changqiao stream park | 刚竹Phyllostachys sulphurea var. viridis R. A. Young | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
金沙湖公园Jinsha lake park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
亚运公园Asian games park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
太子湾公园Prince bay park | 箬竹Indosasa tessellatus (Munro) P. C. Keng | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
城北体育公园North city sports park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
城市阳台绿地City balcony green space | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
湖滨公园Lakeside park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
紫荆公园Bauhinia park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
之江船工业遗址公园 | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
Zhijiang ship industry heritage park | ||
杨柳郡西公园Willows county west park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
美政花苑Meizheng Garden | — | 社区公园Community park |
南班巷社区Nanban lane community | — | 社区公园Community park |
山水人家Shanshui family | — | 社区公园Community park |
德信早城Dexin morning city | — | 社区公园Community park |
名城湖左岸Left bank of Mingcheng lake | — | 社区公园Community park |
保俶路口绿地Baochu intersection green space | 小琴丝竹Bambusa multiplex cv. Alphonso-Karri | 道路附属绿地 |
Road attached green space | ||
横街社区街旁绿化带 | — | 道路附属绿地 |
Green belt beside the street in Hengjie community | Road attached green space | |
智慧新天地路段绿地 | — | 道路附属绿地 |
Wisdom Xintiandi road section green space | Road attached green space | |
丁群街生态截污工程绿地 | — | 道路附属绿地 |
Dingqun street ecological interception project green space | Road attached green space | |
宣杭铁路南侧绿化带 | — | 道路附属绿地 |
The green belt on the south of Xuanhang railway | Road attached green space |
表1 杭州市雨水花园竹类植物应用场地和种类调研表
Table 1 Application site and species survey of bamboo plants in Hangzhou Rain Garden
所属绿地Green space | 竹类名称Bamboo | 绿地类型Green space type |
---|---|---|
古苑公园Guyuan park | 小琴丝竹Bambusa multiplex cv. Alphonso-Karri | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
东湖路市民公园Donghu road civic park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
春华公园Chunhua Park | 小琴丝竹Bambusa multiplex cv. Alphonso-Karri | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
钱塘生态公园Qiantang ecological park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
方家埭郊野公园Fongjiaadai country park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
长桥溪水公园Changqiao stream park | 刚竹Phyllostachys sulphurea var. viridis R. A. Young | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
金沙湖公园Jinsha lake park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
亚运公园Asian games park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
太子湾公园Prince bay park | 箬竹Indosasa tessellatus (Munro) P. C. Keng | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
城北体育公园North city sports park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
城市阳台绿地City balcony green space | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
湖滨公园Lakeside park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
紫荆公园Bauhinia park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
之江船工业遗址公园 | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
Zhijiang ship industry heritage park | ||
杨柳郡西公园Willows county west park | — | 综合公园Comprehensive park |
美政花苑Meizheng Garden | — | 社区公园Community park |
南班巷社区Nanban lane community | — | 社区公园Community park |
山水人家Shanshui family | — | 社区公园Community park |
德信早城Dexin morning city | — | 社区公园Community park |
名城湖左岸Left bank of Mingcheng lake | — | 社区公园Community park |
保俶路口绿地Baochu intersection green space | 小琴丝竹Bambusa multiplex cv. Alphonso-Karri | 道路附属绿地 |
Road attached green space | ||
横街社区街旁绿化带 | — | 道路附属绿地 |
Green belt beside the street in Hengjie community | Road attached green space | |
智慧新天地路段绿地 | — | 道路附属绿地 |
Wisdom Xintiandi road section green space | Road attached green space | |
丁群街生态截污工程绿地 | — | 道路附属绿地 |
Dingqun street ecological interception project green space | Road attached green space | |
宣杭铁路南侧绿化带 | — | 道路附属绿地 |
The green belt on the south of Xuanhang railway | Road attached green space |
类型 Type | 科数 Subjects | 属数 Genus | 种数 Species | 乔木类 Trees | 灌木类 Shrubs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
综合公园Comprehensive park | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
社区公园Community park | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
道路附属绿地Road attached green space | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
总计Total | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
表2 杭州市雨水花园竹类植物科属种和垂直结构统计
Table 2 Statistics on species and vertical structure of bamboo plants in rainwater gardens of Hangzhou
类型 Type | 科数 Subjects | 属数 Genus | 种数 Species | 乔木类 Trees | 灌木类 Shrubs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
综合公园Comprehensive park | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
社区公园Community park | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
道路附属绿地Road attached green space | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
总计Total | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
所属绿地名称 Green space name | 类型 Type | 生长状况 Growing condition |
---|---|---|
春华公园 Chunhua park | 综合公园 Comprehensive park | 良好 Good |
长桥溪水公园 Changqiao stream park | 综合公园 Comprehensive park | 良好 Good |
太子湾公园 Prince bay park | 综合公园 Comprehensive park | 良好 Good |
保俶路口绿地 Baochu intersection green space | 道路附属绿地 Road attached green space | 一般 General |
古苑公园 Guyuan park | 综合公园 Comprehensive park | 良好 Good |
表3 杭州市雨水花园竹类植物生长状况统计
Table 3 Statistics of bamboo growth in rain garden of Hangzhou City
所属绿地名称 Green space name | 类型 Type | 生长状况 Growing condition |
---|---|---|
春华公园 Chunhua park | 综合公园 Comprehensive park | 良好 Good |
长桥溪水公园 Changqiao stream park | 综合公园 Comprehensive park | 良好 Good |
太子湾公园 Prince bay park | 综合公园 Comprehensive park | 良好 Good |
保俶路口绿地 Baochu intersection green space | 道路附属绿地 Road attached green space | 一般 General |
古苑公园 Guyuan park | 综合公园 Comprehensive park | 良好 Good |
所属绿地 Green space | 应用区域 Application area | 配置模式 Configuration mode |
---|---|---|
春华公园 Chunhua park | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 片植 Patch planting |
长桥溪水公园 Changqiao stream park | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 丛植 Group planting |
太子湾公园 Prince bay park | 缓冲区 Buffer | 片植 Patch planting |
保俶路口绿地 Baochu intersection green space | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 丛植 Group planting |
古苑公园 Guyuan park | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 片植 Group planting |
表4 杭州市雨水花园竹类植物应用区域与配置模式
Table 4 Application area and configuration pattern of bamboo plants in rain gardens in Hangzhou
所属绿地 Green space | 应用区域 Application area | 配置模式 Configuration mode |
---|---|---|
春华公园 Chunhua park | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 片植 Patch planting |
长桥溪水公园 Changqiao stream park | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 丛植 Group planting |
太子湾公园 Prince bay park | 缓冲区 Buffer | 片植 Patch planting |
保俶路口绿地 Baochu intersection green space | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 丛植 Group planting |
古苑公园 Guyuan park | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 片植 Group planting |
竹类 Bamboo | 耐短期水淹 Moisture resistance | 耐干旱 Drought resistant | 适用区域 Applicable area | 适用模式 Applicable mode |
---|---|---|---|---|
篌竹 Phyllostachys nidularia Munro | ● | ● | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 干式浮岛、竹石式 Dry-type floating island/Bamboo and stone type |
灰水竹 Phyllostachys platyglossa C. P. Wang et | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 干式浮岛、竹石式 Dry-type floating island/Bamboo and stone type |
Z. H. Yu | ||||
美竹 Phyllostachys manni Gamble | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 竹石式、植物混合式 Bamboo and stone type/Plant mixed type |
河竹 Phyllostachys rivalis H. R. Zhao et A. T. Liu | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 竹石式、植物混合式 Bamboo and stone type/Plant mixed type |
箬叶竹 Indocalamus longiauritus Hand.-Mazz. | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 干式浮岛、竹石式 Dry-type floating island/Bamboo and stone type |
青皮竹 Bambusa textilis McClure | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 干式浮岛、竹石式 Dry-type floating island/Bamboo and stone type |
淡竹 Phyllostachys glauca McClure | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 干式浮岛、植物混合式 Dry-type floating island/Plant mixed type |
白哺鸡竹 Phyllostachys dulcis McClure | ● | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 植物混合式、竹石式 Plant mixed type/Bamboo and stone type |
四季竹 Oligostachyum lubricum(Wen) Keng f. | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 植物混合式、竹石式 Plant mixed type/Bamboo and stone type |
红壳竹 Phyllostachys iridescens C. Y. Yao et | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 植物混合式、竹林式 Plant mixed type/Bamboo grove type |
C. Y. Chen | ||||
托竹 Pseudosasa cantori(Munro) Keng f. | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 竹石式、植物混合式 Bamboo and stone type/Plant mixed type |
菲白竹 Sasa fortunei(Van Houtte) Fiori | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 竹石式、植物混合式 Bamboo and stone type/Plant mixed type |
小佛肚竹 Bambusa ventricosa McClure | ● | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 植物混合式、竹石式 Plant mixed type/Bamboo and stone type |
箬竹 Indosasa tessellatus (Munro) P. C. Keng | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区/边缘区 Buffer/Marginal zone | 植物混合式、竹石式 Plant mixed type/Bamboo and stone type |
铺地竹 Sasa argenteastriatus E.G.Camus | ◎ | ◎ | 缓冲区/边缘区 Buffer/Marginal zone | 植物混合式 Plant mixed type |
钓丝单竹 Bambusa variostiata | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区/边缘区 Buffer/Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹丛式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo bush type |
石绿竹 Phyllostachys arcana McClure | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区/边缘区 Buffer/Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹丛式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo bush type |
刚竹 Phyllostachys sulphurea var. viridis R. A. Young | ◎ | ◎ | 缓冲区/边缘区 Buffer/Marginal zone | 竹石式、植物混合式 Bamboo and stone type/Plant mixed type |
茶竿竹 Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f. | ◎ | ○ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹径式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo paths type |
早园竹 Phyllostachys propinqua McClure | ○ | ◎ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹径式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo paths type |
碧玉间黄金竹 Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland | ○ | ◎ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹径式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo paths type |
凤尾竹 Bambusa multiplex cv.Fernleaf | ◎ | ○ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹丛式、设施组合式 Bamboo bush type/Facility portfolio type |
小琴丝竹 Bambusa multiplex cv. Alphonse-Karr | ◎ | ◎ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹丛式、设施组合式 Bamboo bush type/Facility portfolio type |
孝顺竹 Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel | ◎ | ○ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹丛式、设施组合式 Bamboo bush type/Facility portfolio type |
唐竹 Sinobambusa tootsik (Makino) | ○ | ● | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹径式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo paths type |
表5 杭州市雨水花园适用的竹类植物资源推荐一览表
Table 5 Recommended list of bamboo plant resources suitable for Hangzhou rain garden
竹类 Bamboo | 耐短期水淹 Moisture resistance | 耐干旱 Drought resistant | 适用区域 Applicable area | 适用模式 Applicable mode |
---|---|---|---|---|
篌竹 Phyllostachys nidularia Munro | ● | ● | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 干式浮岛、竹石式 Dry-type floating island/Bamboo and stone type |
灰水竹 Phyllostachys platyglossa C. P. Wang et | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 干式浮岛、竹石式 Dry-type floating island/Bamboo and stone type |
Z. H. Yu | ||||
美竹 Phyllostachys manni Gamble | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 竹石式、植物混合式 Bamboo and stone type/Plant mixed type |
河竹 Phyllostachys rivalis H. R. Zhao et A. T. Liu | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 竹石式、植物混合式 Bamboo and stone type/Plant mixed type |
箬叶竹 Indocalamus longiauritus Hand.-Mazz. | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 干式浮岛、竹石式 Dry-type floating island/Bamboo and stone type |
青皮竹 Bambusa textilis McClure | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 干式浮岛、竹石式 Dry-type floating island/Bamboo and stone type |
淡竹 Phyllostachys glauca McClure | ● | ○ | 蓄水区/缓冲区 Water storage area/Buffer | 干式浮岛、植物混合式 Dry-type floating island/Plant mixed type |
白哺鸡竹 Phyllostachys dulcis McClure | ● | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 植物混合式、竹石式 Plant mixed type/Bamboo and stone type |
四季竹 Oligostachyum lubricum(Wen) Keng f. | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 植物混合式、竹石式 Plant mixed type/Bamboo and stone type |
红壳竹 Phyllostachys iridescens C. Y. Yao et | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 植物混合式、竹林式 Plant mixed type/Bamboo grove type |
C. Y. Chen | ||||
托竹 Pseudosasa cantori(Munro) Keng f. | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 竹石式、植物混合式 Bamboo and stone type/Plant mixed type |
菲白竹 Sasa fortunei(Van Houtte) Fiori | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 竹石式、植物混合式 Bamboo and stone type/Plant mixed type |
小佛肚竹 Bambusa ventricosa McClure | ● | ○ | 缓冲区 Buffer | 植物混合式、竹石式 Plant mixed type/Bamboo and stone type |
箬竹 Indosasa tessellatus (Munro) P. C. Keng | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区/边缘区 Buffer/Marginal zone | 植物混合式、竹石式 Plant mixed type/Bamboo and stone type |
铺地竹 Sasa argenteastriatus E.G.Camus | ◎ | ◎ | 缓冲区/边缘区 Buffer/Marginal zone | 植物混合式 Plant mixed type |
钓丝单竹 Bambusa variostiata | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区/边缘区 Buffer/Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹丛式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo bush type |
石绿竹 Phyllostachys arcana McClure | ◎ | ○ | 缓冲区/边缘区 Buffer/Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹丛式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo bush type |
刚竹 Phyllostachys sulphurea var. viridis R. A. Young | ◎ | ◎ | 缓冲区/边缘区 Buffer/Marginal zone | 竹石式、植物混合式 Bamboo and stone type/Plant mixed type |
茶竿竹 Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f. | ◎ | ○ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹径式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo paths type |
早园竹 Phyllostachys propinqua McClure | ○ | ◎ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹径式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo paths type |
碧玉间黄金竹 Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland | ○ | ◎ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹径式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo paths type |
凤尾竹 Bambusa multiplex cv.Fernleaf | ◎ | ○ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹丛式、设施组合式 Bamboo bush type/Facility portfolio type |
小琴丝竹 Bambusa multiplex cv. Alphonse-Karr | ◎ | ◎ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹丛式、设施组合式 Bamboo bush type/Facility portfolio type |
孝顺竹 Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel | ◎ | ○ | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹丛式、设施组合式 Bamboo bush type/Facility portfolio type |
唐竹 Sinobambusa tootsik (Makino) | ○ | ● | 边缘区 Marginal zone | 竹林式、竹径式 Bamboo grove type/Bamboo paths type |
配置模式 Configuration mode | 主要特点 Key features | 优势 Advantages |
---|---|---|
湿式浮岛 Wet-type floating island | 竹类植物作为浮体材料 Bamboo plants as floating materials | 净化能力显著 Remarkable purification capacity |
干式浮岛 Dry-type floating island | 种植较耐水湿的竹种 Plant bamboo species that are more tolerant to water and moisture | 景观美景度好 The landscape is beautiful |
表6 蓄水区的主要配置模式
Table 6 Main configuration mode of water storage area
配置模式 Configuration mode | 主要特点 Key features | 优势 Advantages |
---|---|---|
湿式浮岛 Wet-type floating island | 竹类植物作为浮体材料 Bamboo plants as floating materials | 净化能力显著 Remarkable purification capacity |
干式浮岛 Dry-type floating island | 种植较耐水湿的竹种 Plant bamboo species that are more tolerant to water and moisture | 景观美景度好 The landscape is beautiful |
配置模式 Configuration mode | 主要特点 Key features | 优势 Advantages |
---|---|---|
竹石式 Bamboo and stone type | 自然山石水岸 Natural mountains, rocks and rivers | 意境之美 Beauty of artistic conception |
植物混合式 Plant mixed type | 多层次植物景观 Multi-level plant landscape | 植物群落多样性、适应力强 Plant community diversity and strong adaptability |
表7 缓冲区的主要配置模式
Table 7 Main configuration mode of buffer
配置模式 Configuration mode | 主要特点 Key features | 优势 Advantages |
---|---|---|
竹石式 Bamboo and stone type | 自然山石水岸 Natural mountains, rocks and rivers | 意境之美 Beauty of artistic conception |
植物混合式 Plant mixed type | 多层次植物景观 Multi-level plant landscape | 植物群落多样性、适应力强 Plant community diversity and strong adaptability |
配置模式 Configuration mode | 主要特点 Key features | 优势 Advantages |
---|---|---|
竹林式 Bamboo grove type | 选择生长快的竹种 Choose bamboo species that grow fast | 营造小气候 Create a microclimate |
竹丛式 Bamboo bush type | 利用微地形造景 Use microtopography for landscape construction | 竖向设计丰富 Vertical design rich |
竹径式 Bamboo paths type | 曲径通幽的空间 Winding and secluded art space | 意境无穷 Infinite artistic conception |
设施组合式 Facility portfolio type | 设施搭配竹类植物 The facilities are paired with bamboo plants | 柔和设施线条 Soft facility line |
表8 边缘区主要配置模式
Table 8 Main configuration mode of marginal zone
配置模式 Configuration mode | 主要特点 Key features | 优势 Advantages |
---|---|---|
竹林式 Bamboo grove type | 选择生长快的竹种 Choose bamboo species that grow fast | 营造小气候 Create a microclimate |
竹丛式 Bamboo bush type | 利用微地形造景 Use microtopography for landscape construction | 竖向设计丰富 Vertical design rich |
竹径式 Bamboo paths type | 曲径通幽的空间 Winding and secluded art space | 意境无穷 Infinite artistic conception |
设施组合式 Facility portfolio type | 设施搭配竹类植物 The facilities are paired with bamboo plants | 柔和设施线条 Soft facility line |
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