不同施氮处理下黑麦草翻压还田对滩涂盐渍土碳氮与细菌群落结构的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231248

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 159-168.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231248

不同施氮处理下黑麦草翻压还田对滩涂盐渍土碳氮与细菌群落结构的影响

朱小梅¹(), 邢锦城¹^,^*(), 洪立洲¹, 王建红², 刘冲¹, 董静¹, 孙果丽¹, 何苏南¹

1.江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所,江苏盐城 224002
2.浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2023-11-03 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-02-14
作者简介:朱小梅(1982—)女,江苏盐城人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事植物营养与土壤改良利用技术研究。E-mail: xiaomeizhu301@163.com
通讯作者: *邢锦城,E-mail: sdauxxx@163.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-22-G-15);江苏省科技创新专项(BE2022304);江苏省现代农业产业技术体系项目(JAST〔2022〕245);江苏省沿海开发集团“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022YHTDJB014)

Effects of overturning Lolium perenne under different nitrogen rates on carbon, nitrogen and bacterial community structure in saline soil of coastal area

ZHU Xiaomei¹(), XING Jincheng¹^,^*(), HONG Lizhou¹, WANG Jianhong², LIU Chong¹, DONG Jing¹, SUN Guoli¹, HE Sunan¹

1. Institute of Agriculture Sciences in the Coastal Area of Jiangsu, Yancheng 224002, Jiangsu, China
2. Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Environmental Resources, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2023-11-03 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-02-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示不同施氮处理下黑麦草作绿肥翻压还田对滩涂盐渍土的改良效果,通过田间小区试验研究了0、90、150、210、270 kg·hm^-2施氮量(依次简记为CK、LN1、LN2、LN3、LN4)下黑麦草翻压还田对土壤碳氮和细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:黑麦草生物量随施氮量的增加而增加,以LN4处理最高,为64 227 kg·hm^-2,植株碳、氮含量均以LN2处理较高,各处理的植株碳氮比无显著差异。黑麦草翻压还田后,与不施氮的对照相比,施氮处理的土壤pH值显著(P<0.05)降低,水溶性盐总量、有机碳含量、全氮含量、微生物生物量碳含量、微生物生物量氮含量显著提升。各处理相比,LN2的微生物熵最高,显著高于其他处理。在土壤微生物群落中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等菌群的相对丰度较高。各处理的土壤细菌香农(Shannon)指数和辛普森(Simpson)指数无显著差异,但Chao1指数和Ace指数均以LN2处理较高。总的来看,LN2处理下黑麦草翻压还田对降低滩涂盐渍土的pH值,提升土壤碳、氮含量,及改善土壤微生态环境的综合效应最佳。

关键词: 黑麦草, 盐渍土, 土壤细菌群落结构

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of overturning Lolium perenne as green manure on soil carbon, nitrogen and bacterial community structure under nitrogen application rates of 0, 90, 150, 210, 270 kg·hm^-2 (based on pure N, denoted as CK, LN1, LN2, LN3, LN4, respectively), a field plot experiment was conducted in saline soil of coastal area. It was shown that the biomass of L. perenne increased with the elevated nitrogen application rates, and the highest biomass was found under the LN4 treatment, which was 64 227 kg·hm^-2. The carbon and nitrogen content of L. perenne was relatively higher under the LN2 treatment, and there was no significant difference in the C/N ratio among treatments. Compared with the control treatment without N application, the soil pH was significantly (P<0.05) decreased with nitrogen application, yet the contents of water-soluble salt, organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen increased significantly. Among all the treatments, LN2 treatment exhibited the highest soil microbial quotient, which was significantly higher than the other treatments. In the soil, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes was high. There was no significant difference in the Shannon index and Simpson index of soil bacteria among all the treatments, while the Chao1 index and Ace index of LN2 treatment was relatively higher. In general, LN2 treatment got the best comprehensive effect on reducing soil pH, increasing soil carbon and nitrogen content, and improving soil micro-ecological environment.

Key words: Lolium perenne, saline soil, soil bacterial community structure

中图分类号:

朱小梅, 邢锦城, 洪立洲, 王建红, 刘冲, 董静, 孙果丽, 何苏南. 不同施氮处理下黑麦草翻压还田对滩涂盐渍土碳氮与细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(1): 159-168.

ZHU Xiaomei, XING Jincheng, HONG Lizhou, WANG Jianhong, LIU Chong, DONG Jing, SUN Guoli, HE Sunan. Effects of overturning Lolium perenne under different nitrogen rates on carbon, nitrogen and bacterial community structure in saline soil of coastal area[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(1): 159-168.

图/表 10

表1 不同处理下黑麦草的生物量、碳含量、氮含量和碳氮比

Table 1 The biomass, carbon content, nitrogen content and C/N ratio of Lolium perenne under treatments

处理 Treatments	生物量 Biomass/(kg·hm^-2)	碳含量 Carbon content/(g·kg^-1)	氮含量 Nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)	碳氮比 C/N ratio
CK	36 991±3 923 d	499±7 c	15.3±0.3 d	32.7±1.8 a
LN1	46 418±1 703 c	514±9 b	17.0±0.1 b	30.3±2.8 a
LN2	52 498±2 292 b	523±9 a	18.1±0.4 a	28.9±2.5 a
LN3	54 444±3 113 b	510±5 b	17.6±0.2 a	29.0±2.1 a
LN4	64 227±897 a	507±3 b	16.3±0.2 c	31.1±1.7 a

图1 不同处理的土壤pH值柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.1 Soil pH value under treatments Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05. The same as below.

图2 不同处理的土壤水溶性盐总量

Fig.2 Total water-soluble salt content under treatments

表2 不同处理对土壤碳、氮含量和微生物熵的影响

Table 2 Effects of treatments on soil carbon, nitrogen content and microbial quotient

处理 Treatment	有机碳含量 Organic carbon content/(g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)	微生物生物量碳含量 Microbial biomass carbon content/(mg·kg^-1)	微生物生物量氮含量 Microbial biomass nitrogen content/(mg·kg^-1)	微生物熵 Microbial quotient/%
CK	5.74±0.07 e	0.424±0.007 d	220±5 c	30.7±0.9 c	3.80±0.11 c
LN1	6.07±0.05 d	0.493±0.008 c	239±4 b	35.7±1.2 b	3.94±0.10 b
LN2	6.30±0.04 c	0.539±0.003 b	254±9 a	38.2±0.8 ab	4.03±0.17 a
LN3	6.51±0.03 b	0.588±0.007 a	258±8 a	39.0±0.7 a	3.97±0.13 b
LN4	6.85±0.02 a	0.506±0.009 c	263±7 a	36.5±1.3 b	3.84±0.11 c

图3 不同处理的土壤细菌稀释曲线 OTU,运算分类单元。

Fig.3 Rarefaction curve of soil bacteria under treatments OTU, Operational taxonomic unit.

图4 不同处理的土壤细菌韦恩图

Fig.4 Venn diagram of soil bacteria under treatments

表3 不同处理的土壤细菌群落多样性指数

Table 3 Soil bacteria community diversity index under treatments

处理Treatment	香农指数Shannon index	辛普森指数Simpson index	Ace指数Ace index	Chao1指数Chao1 index
CK	10.1±0.1 a	0.997±0.033 a	5 881±83 d	5 965±74 c
LN1	10.5±0.4 a	0.997±0.014 a	5 985±26 c	6 027±67 b
LN2	10.4±0.2 a	0.997±0.012 a	6 583±61 a	6 530±47 a
LN3	10.4±0.4 a	0.997±0.006 a	6 413±53 b	6 463±46 a
LN4	10.1±0.3 a	0.996±0.024 a	6 043±14 c	6 025±31 b

图5 不同处理的土壤细菌群落结构组成(门水平) Pro,变形菌门;Aci,酸杆菌门;Bac,拟杆菌门;Act,放线菌门;Chl,绿弯菌门;Gem,芽单胞菌门;Fir,厚壁菌门;Pat,髌骨细菌门;Nit,硝化螺旋菌门;Ver,疣微菌门;Rok,己科河菌门;Cya,蓝菌门;Oth,其他。

Fig.5 Bacteira community structure of soil bacteria at phylum level under treatments Pro, Proteobacteria; Aci, Acidobacteria; Bac, Bacteroidetes; Act, Actinobacteria; Chl, Chloroflexi; Gem, Gemmatimonadetes; Fir, Firmicutes; Pat, Patescibacteria; Nit, Nitrospirae; Ver, Verrucomicrobia; Rok, Rokubacteria; Cya, Cyanobacteria; Oth, Others.

图6 不同处理的土壤细菌群落结构组成(属水平) UU,未知分类菌属;Sph,鞘氨醇单胞菌属;Mas,马赛菌属;fGU,芽单胞菌科未识别属;fuU,未纯培养未知分类属;fBuU,伯克氏菌科未知分类属;fBlU,Blastocatellaceae科未知分类属;Fla,黄色土源菌属;Pse,假节杆菌属;Ste,类固醇杆菌属;Oth,其他。

Fig.6 Bacteira community structure of soil bacteria at genus level under treatments UU, Unclassified_unclassified; Sph, Sphingomonas; Mas, Massilia; fGU, f_Gemmatimonadaceae_Unclassified; fuU, f_uncultured_Unclassified; fBuU, f_Burkholderiaceae_Unclassified; fBlU, f_Blastocatellaceae_Unclassified; Fla, Flavisolibacter; Pse, Pseudarthrobacter; Ste, Steroidobacter; Oth, Others.

表4 土壤细菌群落(门水平)与土壤部分性状的相关性

Table 4 Correlations within soil bacterial community (at phylum level) and soil properties

优势菌门 Dominant phylum	优势菌门与各土壤性状的相关系数Correlation coefficient of dominant phylum with soil proporties
优势菌门 Dominant phylum	pH	有机碳含量 Organic carbon content	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content	微生物生物量碳含量 Microbial biomass carbon content	微生物生物量氮含量 Microbial biomass nitrogen content	水溶性盐总量 Total water-soluble salt content
Pro	-0.026	0.141	0.017	0.008	-0.157	0.413
Aci	-0.275	-0.149	0.171	0.311	0.608	-0.342
Bac	-0.077	0.480	0.192	0.046	-0.252	0.523
Act	0.257	0.139	-0.126	-0.290	-0.513	0.163
Chl	-0.502	0.150	0.419	0.539	0.762	-0.107
Gem	0.667	-0.915^*	-0.729	-0.645	-0.358	-0.928^*
Fir	0.213	0.174	-0.107	-0.262	-0.540	0.408
Pat	-0.613	0.300	0.520	0.657	0.817	0.052
Nit	-0.292	-0.062	0.129	0.352	0.510	-0.109
Ver	0.939^*	-0.898^*	-0.944^*	-0.918^*	-0.811	-0.889^*
Rok	0.035	-0.339	-0.203	0.033	0.187	-0.344
Cya	-0.863	0.789	0.908^*	0.837	0.832	0.617

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不同施氮处理下黑麦草翻压还田对滩涂盐渍土碳氮与细菌群落结构的影响

Effects of overturning Lolium perenne under different nitrogen rates on carbon, nitrogen and bacterial community structure in saline soil of coastal area

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