不同肥药管理对设施番茄生产系统土壤健康与番茄性状的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231155

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 145-158.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231155

不同肥药管理对设施番茄生产系统土壤健康与番茄性状的影响

李腾飞¹^,²(), 杨桂玲², 阮美颖³, 褚田芬²^,^*(), 秦华¹, 邓美华²

1.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州 311300
2.浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,浙江杭州 310021
3.浙江省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2023-09-27 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-02-14
作者简介:李腾飞(1998—),男,河南商丘人,硕士研究生,主要从事耕地质量培育与提升研究。E-mail:litf20172021@163.com
通讯作者: *褚田芬,E-mail: tianfenchu99@163.com
基金资助:
2022年浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2022C02046);浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGJ21D030001)

Effects of fertilizer and pesticide managements on soil health and tomato qualities in greenhouse tomato cultivation

LI Tengfei¹^,²(), YANG Guiling², RUAN Meiying³, CHU Tianfen²^,^*(), QIN Hua¹, DENG Meihua²

1. College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2023-09-27 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-02-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过研究不同肥药管理措施对设施番茄生产系统土壤健康、番茄品质与产量的影响,探索设施番茄适宜的肥药管理模式。本研究利用田间试验,设置了2种农药水平(常规施药P₁和无农药P₀)和5种施肥处理(不施肥CK、常规化肥F₁、农家肥配施化肥F₂、农家肥和生物菌肥配施化肥F₃、易腐垃圾有机肥配施化肥F₄),分析了不同处理对设施番茄生产系统土壤基本理化性质、土壤酶活性、番茄品质和产量的影响。结果表明,农药施用对处理的土壤性质和品质都产生了显著影响,其中P₁处理的土壤有机质含量、总氮含量、土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性均显著降低,而P₁处理的果实维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比和产量均显著高于P₀处理。在同一农药水平下,施肥对土壤的酶活性和pH值具有显著性作用,其中与对照相比,P₀F₁处理下的土壤pH值显著下降,而有机肥配施化肥降低趋势较缓,同时各处理均能增加土壤中养分,但无显著性差异;F₂处理均显著增加了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,其次F₃处理对土壤酶活性也有明显改善作用,而F₁处理土壤酶活性最低。同时施肥能显著提高维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比,各施肥处理没有显著差异。综合考虑各项指标,各施肥处理中F₃处理因减量氮肥施用,而且对土壤质量、番茄品质和产量的提升都不低于其他施肥处理,因此,设施番茄种植宜采用F₃处理,即农家肥结合生物菌肥配施少量化肥,同时施用适当的农药,以保障番茄产量和品质。

关键词: 设施番茄, 农药, 肥料, 土壤性质, 番茄品质, 番茄产量

Abstract:

The objective is to explore the reasonable fertilizer and pesticide managements for greenhouse tomato production by studying the effects of different fertilizer and pesticide applications on soil health, tomato quality and yield. In this study, two pesticide levels (conventional pesticide P₁ and no pesticide P₀) and five fertilization treatments (no fertilizer CK, conventional chemical fertilizer F₁, farm manure combined with chemical fertilizer F₂, farm manure and biological fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer F₃, perishable waste organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer F₄) were designed in the field experiment. The effects of different treatments on soil properties, soil enzyme activity, fruit quality and yield of tomato were analyzed. The results showed that the application of pesticides had a significant effect on soil properties and tomato quality. The soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, soil urease, sucrase and catalase activities of P₁ treatment were significantly decreased, while the vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, sugar acid ratio and fruit yield of P₁ treatment were significantly higher than those of P₀ treatment. Under the same pesticide level, fertilization had a significant effect on soil enzyme activity and pH value. Compared with the CK, soil pH value decreased significantly under P₀F₁ treatment, while the organic fertilizer application can slightly increase soil pH value. At the same time, soil nutrients of fertilization treatments were slight increased than CK, but there was no significant difference among the fertilization treatments. F₂ treatment significantly increased soil urease, sucrase and catalase activities than CK. Followed by F₃ treatment, it also significantly improved these soil enzyme activities, but F₁ treatment had the lowest soil enzyme activity. For tomato nutrition, fertilization treatments can significantly increase vitamin C content, soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio than CK, but no significant difference was found among the fertilization treatments. Integrated all indicators, F₃ treatment with significantly lower nitrogen fertilizer showed similar good effects on soil properties, tomato quality and yield with other fertilization treatments. Therefore, it is recommended F3 treatment as the suitable fertilizer management for greenhouse tomato planting, that is, farm manure combined with biological bacterial fertilizer and a small amount of chemical fertilizer. In order to get good tomato yield and quality, applying appropriate pesticides is also suggested.

Key words: greenhouse tomato, pesticide, fertilizer, soil property, tomato quality, tomato yield

中图分类号:

S641.2

李腾飞, 杨桂玲, 阮美颖, 褚田芬, 秦华, 邓美华. 不同肥药管理对设施番茄生产系统土壤健康与番茄性状的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(1): 145-158.

LI Tengfei, YANG Guiling, RUAN Meiying, CHU Tianfen, QIN Hua, DENG Meihua. Effects of fertilizer and pesticide managements on soil health and tomato qualities in greenhouse tomato cultivation[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(1): 145-158.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	各肥料养分含量 Fertilizer nutrient content(N-P₂O₅-K₂O)		总施用量 Total application		总养分含量 Total nutrient content (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)
处理 Treatment	复合肥 Compound fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	复合肥 Compound fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	总养分含量 Total nutrient content (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)
CK	0-0-0	0-0-0	0	0	0-0-0
F₁	300.00-275.00-450.00	0-0-0	2 500	0	300.00-275.00-450.00
F₂	189.75-193.91-284.58	110.25-53.70-180.30	1 581	15 000农家肥15 000 farm manure	30.000-247.61-464.88
F₃	28.80-26.40-43.20	122.20-72.06-185.13	240	15 000农家肥+3 000生物菌肥 15 000 farm manure+ 3 000 biological fertilizer	150.00-98.46-228.33
F₄	28.80-26.40-43.20	271.20-421.50-372.00	240	15 000易腐垃圾有机肥 Perishable waste organic fertilizer	300.00-447.90-415.20

处理 Treatment	各肥料养分含量 Fertilizer nutrient content(N-P₂O₅-K₂O)		总施用量 Total application		总养分含量 Total nutrient content (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)
处理 Treatment	复合肥 Compound fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	复合肥 Compound fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	总养分含量 Total nutrient content (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)
CK	0-0-0	0-0-0	0	0	0-0-0
F₁	300.00-275.00-450.00	0-0-0	2 500	0	300.00-275.00-450.00
F₂	189.75-193.91-284.58	110.25-53.70-180.30	1 581	15 000农家肥15 000 farm manure	30.000-247.61-464.88
F₃	28.80-26.40-43.20	122.20-72.06-185.13	240	15 000农家肥+3 000生物菌肥 15 000 farm manure+ 3 000 biological fertilizer	150.00-98.46-228.33
F₄	28.80-26.40-43.20	271.20-421.50-372.00	240	15 000易腐垃圾有机肥 Perishable waste organic fertilizer	300.00-447.90-415.20

处理 Treatment		横径 Fruit diameter/cm	纵径 Fruit length/cm	果形指数 Fruit length index	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)
P₀	CK	30.99±0.23 b	31.21±0.77 b	1.00±0.02 a	17.71±0.42 b	18.96±0.99 b
	F₁	32.71±0.28 a	33.10±0.82 a	1.01±0.03 a	21.16±0.88 a	23.19±1.64 a
	F₂	32.67±0.42 a	33.04±1.07 a	1.01±0.02 a	20.76±1.63 a	21.51±1.23 ab
	F₃	32.79±0.40 a	33.68±0.82 a	1.02±0.02 a	21.44±1.69 a	21.75±0.84 a
	F₄	32.41±0.60 a	32.71±0.64 ab	1.01±0.02 a	19.74±1.31 ab	20.48±0.90 ab
P₁	CK	30.74±1.25 b	31.33±0.55 b	1.02±0.04 a	18.33±0.93 b	19.51±1.67 c
	F₁	32.84±0.27 a	32.40±0.83 ab	0.96±0.04 a	21.71±0.87 a	24.33±1.64 a
	F₂	32.79±0.32 a	33.31±0.46 a	1.00±0.02 a	22.44±0.54 a	23.01±1.63 ab
	F₃	33.13±0.32 a	33.54±0.84 a	1.00±0.02 a	22.31±1.32 a	22.26±1.04 ab
	F₄	31.35±0.63 b	32.39±1.23 ab	1.02±0.03 a	20.58±0.87 ab	21.64±1.13 bc
双因素方差分析Two-ANOVA analysis
P(农药)		0.70^ns	0.36^ns	0.93^ns	6.61^*	5.50^*
F(肥料)		20.01^***	9.01^***	1.52^ns	17.17^***	12.95^***
PF(农药肥料)		1.98^ns	0.41^ns	1.77^ns	0.86^ns	0.21^ns

处理 Treatment		横径 Fruit diameter/cm	纵径 Fruit length/cm	果形指数 Fruit length index	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)
P₀	CK	30.99±0.23 b	31.21±0.77 b	1.00±0.02 a	17.71±0.42 b	18.96±0.99 b
	F₁	32.71±0.28 a	33.10±0.82 a	1.01±0.03 a	21.16±0.88 a	23.19±1.64 a
	F₂	32.67±0.42 a	33.04±1.07 a	1.01±0.02 a	20.76±1.63 a	21.51±1.23 ab
	F₃	32.79±0.40 a	33.68±0.82 a	1.02±0.02 a	21.44±1.69 a	21.75±0.84 a
	F₄	32.41±0.60 a	32.71±0.64 ab	1.01±0.02 a	19.74±1.31 ab	20.48±0.90 ab
P₁	CK	30.74±1.25 b	31.33±0.55 b	1.02±0.04 a	18.33±0.93 b	19.51±1.67 c
	F₁	32.84±0.27 a	32.40±0.83 ab	0.96±0.04 a	21.71±0.87 a	24.33±1.64 a
	F₂	32.79±0.32 a	33.31±0.46 a	1.00±0.02 a	22.44±0.54 a	23.01±1.63 ab
	F₃	33.13±0.32 a	33.54±0.84 a	1.00±0.02 a	22.31±1.32 a	22.26±1.04 ab
	F₄	31.35±0.63 b	32.39±1.23 ab	1.02±0.03 a	20.58±0.87 ab	21.64±1.13 bc
双因素方差分析Two-ANOVA analysis
P(农药)		0.70^ns	0.36^ns	0.93^ns	6.61^*	5.50^*
F(肥料)		20.01^***	9.01^***	1.52^ns	17.17^***	12.95^***
PF(农药肥料)		1.98^ns	0.41^ns	1.77^ns	0.86^ns	0.21^ns

	SOM	TN	TP	TK	SUE	SSC	SCAT	SAKP	SS	VC	TA	SAR	Y	SFW	FSI
pH	0.07	-0.09	0.05	-0.21	-0.29	-0.49^**	-0.28	-0.08	0.12	-0.12	-0.03	0.09	-0.33^*	-0.33^*	0.16
SOM		0.95^***	0.62^***	-0.07	0.36^**	0.15	0.41^**	0.48^**	-0.31	0.14	0.29	-0.31	0.10	0.25	0.11
TN			0.58^***	-0.06	0.46^**	0.24^***	0.46^**	0.53^***	-0.36^*	0.12	0.33^*	-0.37^*	0.10	0.24	0.15
TP				0.04	0.20	0.13	0.21	0.10	-0.13	0.12	0.17	-0.14	-0.07	0.08	-0.01
TK					-0.01	0.01	0.01	0.13	0.13	0.32^*	0.01	0.10	0.33^*	0.21	-0.23
SUE						0.45^**	0.70^***	0.38^*	-0.52^***	0.04	0.47^**	0.51^***	0.14	0.31	0.04
SSC							0.40^*	-0.06	-0.13	0.31^*	-0.06	-0.08	0.17	0.44^***	0.06
SCAT								0.17	-0.31	0.35^*	0.19	-0.27	0.46^**	0.51^***	0.13
SAKP									-0.07	0.10	0.29	-0.12	0.12	0.14	-0.16
SS										0.43^**	-0.75^***	0.98^***	0.34^*	0.36^*	-0.15
VC											-0.37^*	0.45^**	0.56^***	0.50	-0.05
TA												-0.84^***	-0.17	0.31^*	-0.09
SAR													0.33^*	0.39^*	-0.11
Y														0.72^***	-0.30
SFW															-0.01

不同肥药管理对设施番茄生产系统土壤健康与番茄性状的影响

Effects of fertilizer and pesticide managements on soil health and tomato qualities in greenhouse tomato cultivation

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