融资约束、绿色补贴与家庭农场绿色生产技术采纳

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231296

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 231-244.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231296

融资约束、绿色补贴与家庭农场绿色生产技术采纳

钱罕¹(), 文长存², 刘强¹^,³^,^*()

1.浙江农林大学经济管理学院,浙江杭州 311300
2.浙江省农业科学院农村发展研究所,浙江杭州 310021
3.浙江农林大学浙江省乡村振兴研究院,浙江杭州 311300

收稿日期:2023-11-14 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-02-14
作者简介:钱罕(1998—),男,浙江金华人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业经济与管理。E-mail:qianhan1023@163.com
通讯作者: *刘强,E-mail:niumeng119@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金青年项目(21CGL028)

Financing constraints, green subsidies and adoption of green production technologies in family farms

QIAN Han¹(), WEN Changcun², LIU Qiang¹^,³^,^*()

1. College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Institute of Rural Development, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Research Academy for Rural Revitalization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2023-11-14 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-02-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

融资约束是制约家庭农场绿色生产技术采纳的重要因素。基于对浙江、安徽、山东、湖南、四川5省家庭农场的调查数据,采用变异系数测量家庭农场的绿色生产技术采纳程度,实证分析融资约束对家庭农场绿色生产技术采纳的影响效应,探究政府绿色补贴的调节效应。结果显示,融资约束显著负向影响家庭农场的绿色生产技术采纳,融资约束的强度每增加1单位,农业绿色生产技术的采纳度下降7.98%。融资约束对不同类型绿色生产技术采纳的影响存在显著差异,绿色认证技术受融资约束的负向影响最大。绿色补贴在缓解融资约束的负向作用上效果并不明显,反而加剧了融资约束的抑制作用。异质性分析表明,受教育程度低、年龄大的农场主经营的家庭农场受到融资约束对绿色生产技术采纳的抑制作用更大;低经营收入、低劳动力投入的中小型农场受融资约束的负向影响更为明显。缓解融资约束、优化绿色政策补贴的调节作用是推进农业绿色发展和转型的关键。

关键词: 融资约束, 绿色生产技术, 农业绿色发展, 家庭农场, 绿色补贴

Abstract:

Financing constraints are an important factor restricting the adoption of green production technologies in family farms. Based on the survey data of family farms in Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Hunan and Sichuan provinces of China, the coefficient of variation was adopted to measure the degree of adoption of green production technologies in family farms, and the influence of financing constraints on the adoption of green production technologies in family farms was empirically analyzed, as well as the regulating effect of government green subsidies. It was found that financing constraints significantly negatively affect the adoption of green production technologies in family farms, and the adoption of agricultural green technologies decreased by 7.98% for each unit increase in the intensity of financing constraints. There were significant differences in the impact of financing constraints on the adoption of different types of green production technologies, and green certification technologies receieved the greatest negative impact of financing constraints. The effect of green subsidies in alleviating the negative effect of financing constraints was not obvious, but it aggravated the inhibitory effect of financing constraints. The heterogeneity analysis showed that family farms run by low-educated and older farmers were more easily influenced by financing constraints on the adoption of green production technologies. Small- and medium-sized farms with low operating incomes and low labor inputs were also more negatively affected by financing constraints. Easing financing constraints and optimizing the regulating role of green policy subsidies are the keys to promote green agricultural development and transformation.

Key words: financing constraints, green production technology, green development of agriculture, family farm, green subsidies

中图分类号:

F304

钱罕, 文长存, 刘强. 融资约束、绿色补贴与家庭农场绿色生产技术采纳[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(1): 231-244.

QIAN Han, WEN Changcun, LIU Qiang. Financing constraints, green subsidies and adoption of green production technologies in family farms[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(1): 231-244.

图/表 8

参考文献 47

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分组变量 Grouping variables		样本量 Sample size	比例 Percent- age/%	分组变量 Grouping variables		样本量 Sample size	比例 Percent- age/%
年龄Age	0~<40	194	23.04	农场劳动人数 Number of workers	0~<5	196	23.28
	40~<50	300	35.63		5~<12	413	49.05
	50~<60	308	36.58		≥12	233	27.67
	≥60	40	4.75	经营时间 Operation time/a	0~<5	287	34.09
性别Gender	男Male	676	80.29		5~<12	463	54.99
性别Gender	女Female	166	19.71		≥12	92	10.93
农场主受教育程度 Educational attainment	小学及以下 Primary shool or below	20	2.38	农场类型 Farm type	种植业Planting	326	38.72
	初中Junior middle school	204	24.23		养殖业Breeding	107	12.71
	高中Seniro middle school	321	38.12		种养结合业 Combination of planting and breeding	409	48.57
	大专及以上 Junior college or above	297	35.27		种养结合业 Combination of planting and breeding	409	48.57
管理经验 Whether to have management experience	是Yes	483	57.36	是否绿色先行示范 Whether to take green demonstration	是Yes	529	62.83
管理经验 Whether to have management experience	否No	359	42.64	是否绿色先行示范 Whether to take green demonstration	否No	313	37.17
家庭人口数量 Number of family members	0~<4	263	31.24	农场生产经营收入 Operating income of farm/(10⁴ yuan)	0~<20	216	25.65
	4~<7	494	58.67		20~<50	188	22.33
	4~<7	494	58.67		50~<100	214	25.42
	≥7	85	10.10		≥150	224	26.60
是否有村干部 Is there village cadre in family	是Yes	312	37.05	是否购买农业保险 Whether to take agricultural insurance	是Yes	591	70.19
是否有村干部 Is there village cadre in family	否No	530	62.95	是否购买农业保险 Whether to take agricultural insurance	否No	251	29.81

分组变量 Grouping variables		样本量 Sample size	比例 Percent- age/%	分组变量 Grouping variables		样本量 Sample size	比例 Percent- age/%
年龄Age	0~<40	194	23.04	农场劳动人数 Number of workers	0~<5	196	23.28
	40~<50	300	35.63		5~<12	413	49.05
	50~<60	308	36.58		≥12	233	27.67
	≥60	40	4.75	经营时间 Operation time/a	0~<5	287	34.09
性别Gender	男Male	676	80.29		5~<12	463	54.99
性别Gender	女Female	166	19.71		≥12	92	10.93
农场主受教育程度 Educational attainment	小学及以下 Primary shool or below	20	2.38	农场类型 Farm type	种植业Planting	326	38.72
	初中Junior middle school	204	24.23		养殖业Breeding	107	12.71
	高中Seniro middle school	321	38.12		种养结合业 Combination of planting and breeding	409	48.57
	大专及以上 Junior college or above	297	35.27		种养结合业 Combination of planting and breeding	409	48.57
管理经验 Whether to have management experience	是Yes	483	57.36	是否绿色先行示范 Whether to take green demonstration	是Yes	529	62.83
管理经验 Whether to have management experience	否No	359	42.64	是否绿色先行示范 Whether to take green demonstration	否No	313	37.17
家庭人口数量 Number of family members	0~<4	263	31.24	农场生产经营收入 Operating income of farm/(10⁴ yuan)	0~<20	216	25.65
	4~<7	494	58.67		20~<50	188	22.33
	4~<7	494	58.67		50~<100	214	25.42
	≥7	85	10.10		≥150	224	26.60
是否有村干部 Is there village cadre in family	是Yes	312	37.05	是否购买农业保险 Whether to take agricultural insurance	是Yes	591	70.19
是否有村干部 Is there village cadre in family	否No	530	62.95	是否购买农业保险 Whether to take agricultural insurance	否No	251	29.81

类型 Type	变量名称 Variable name	变量符号 Varible symbol	变量定义(赋值)与计算方法 Definitions (assignment) and calculation method	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
被解释变量 Dependent variable	绿色生产技术采纳程度 Adoption of green production technology	G	用变异系数法计算得出 Calculated by coefficient of variation	58.02	29.864
解释变量 Independent variable	融资约束 Financing constraints	F	SA指数的绝对值 Absolute value of SA index	2.03	0.595
调节变量 Adjust variable	绿色补贴 Green subsidies	B	近3 a是否收到过绿色补贴:是=1,否=0 Have you received green subsidy in the past three years: Yes=1, No=0	0.318	0.466
控制变量 Control variables	农场主年龄 Age	C₁₁	受访时农场主的年龄 Age of farmer when interviewed	46.223	8.654
	农场主性别Gender	C₁₂	0=女,1=男0=Female, 1=Male	0.803	0.398
	农场主受教育程度 Educational attainment	C₁₃	1=小学及以下,2=初中,3=高中,4=大专及以上 1=Primary school or below, 2=Junior middle school, 3=Senior middle school, 4=Junior college or above	3.063	0.829
	农场主是否曾从事过管理工作 Management experience	C₁₄	是=1,否=0 Yes=1, No=0	0.574	0.495
	家庭人口数 Number of family members	C₂₁	农场主家庭总人口数 The total number of farmer households	4.582	2.207
	农场劳动力人数 Number of workers	C₂₂	农场注册登记的劳动人数 The number of workers registered in the farm	12.887	29.874
	家庭中是否有村干部 Is there village cadre in family	C₂₃	是=1,否=0 Yes=1, No=0	0.371	0.483
	经营时间Operation time	C₃₁	农场的实际经营年限The operation time of the farm	6.575	4.454
	农场类型 Farm type	C₃₂	1=种植业,2=养殖业,3=种养结合 1=Planting, 2=Breeding, 3=Combination of planting and breeding	2.099	0.93
	是否开展农业绿色先行示范 Whether to take green demonstration	C₃₃	是=1,否=0 Yes=1, No=0	0.628	0.484
	是否购买农业保险 Whether to take agricultural insurance	C₃₄	是=1,否=0 Yes=1, No=0	0.702	0.458
	农场生产经营收入 Operating income of farm	C₃₅	2021年农场全年的生产性经营总收入 Total operating income of the farm in 2021/(10⁴yuan)	137.376	196.295

类型 Type	变量名称 Variable name	变量符号 Varible symbol	变量定义(赋值)与计算方法 Definitions (assignment) and calculation method	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
被解释变量 Dependent variable	绿色生产技术采纳程度 Adoption of green production technology	G	用变异系数法计算得出 Calculated by coefficient of variation	58.02	29.864
解释变量 Independent variable	融资约束 Financing constraints	F	SA指数的绝对值 Absolute value of SA index	2.03	0.595
调节变量 Adjust variable	绿色补贴 Green subsidies	B	近3 a是否收到过绿色补贴:是=1,否=0 Have you received green subsidy in the past three years: Yes=1, No=0	0.318	0.466
控制变量 Control variables	农场主年龄 Age	C₁₁	受访时农场主的年龄 Age of farmer when interviewed	46.223	8.654
	农场主性别Gender	C₁₂	0=女,1=男0=Female, 1=Male	0.803	0.398
	农场主受教育程度 Educational attainment	C₁₃	1=小学及以下,2=初中,3=高中,4=大专及以上 1=Primary school or below, 2=Junior middle school, 3=Senior middle school, 4=Junior college or above	3.063	0.829
	农场主是否曾从事过管理工作 Management experience	C₁₄	是=1,否=0 Yes=1, No=0	0.574	0.495
	家庭人口数 Number of family members	C₂₁	农场主家庭总人口数 The total number of farmer households	4.582	2.207
	农场劳动力人数 Number of workers	C₂₂	农场注册登记的劳动人数 The number of workers registered in the farm	12.887	29.874
	家庭中是否有村干部 Is there village cadre in family	C₂₃	是=1,否=0 Yes=1, No=0	0.371	0.483
	经营时间Operation time	C₃₁	农场的实际经营年限The operation time of the farm	6.575	4.454
	农场类型 Farm type	C₃₂	1=种植业,2=养殖业,3=种养结合 1=Planting, 2=Breeding, 3=Combination of planting and breeding	2.099	0.93
	是否开展农业绿色先行示范 Whether to take green demonstration	C₃₃	是=1,否=0 Yes=1, No=0	0.628	0.484
	是否购买农业保险 Whether to take agricultural insurance	C₃₄	是=1,否=0 Yes=1, No=0	0.702	0.458
	农场生产经营收入 Operating income of farm	C₃₅	2021年农场全年的生产性经营总收入 Total operating income of the farm in 2021/(10⁴yuan)	137.376	196.295

变量 Variable	回归1 Regreesion 1	回归2 Regreesion 2	回归3 Regreesion 3
F	-11.070^***	-10.240^***	-7.975^***
	(1.689)	(1.745)	(1.814)
C₁₁	—	0.140	0.117
		(0.127)	(0.123)
C₁₂	—	-3.750	-4.014^*
		(2.528)	(2.435)
C₁₃	—	0.989	1.138
		(1.374)	(1.333)
C₁₄	—	3.777^*	2.601
		(2.088)	(2.022)
C₂₁	—	0.961^**	0.914^**
		(0.457)	(0.442)
C₂₂	—	0.027 1	0.033 6
		(0.033 8)	(0.032 6)
C₂₃	—	3.273	3.111
		(2.143)	(2.073)
C₃₁	—	—	0.338
			(0.225)
C₃₂	—	—	3.909^***
			(1.089)
C₃₃	—	—	14.35^***
			(2.046)
C₃₄	—	—	4.396^**
			(2.218)
C₃₅	—	—	-0.272
			(0.599)
常数项Constant	80.48^***	63.89^***	-635.1
	(3.573)	(10.60)	(456.2)
R²	0.049	0.092	0.163

融资约束、绿色补贴与家庭农场绿色生产技术采纳

Financing constraints, green subsidies and adoption of green production technologies in family farms

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变量 Variable	回归4 Regreesion 4	回归5 Regreesion 5	回归6 Regreesion 6
F	-13.95^***	-10.13^***	-0.497^***
	(1.225)	(2.033)	(0.119)
常数项Constant	-895.9^**	68.38^***	—
	(418.5)	(14.77)	—
R²	0.260	0.164	—
pseudo R²	—	—	0.051 6

变量 Varibale	回归7 Regreesion 7	回归8 Regreesion 8	回归9 Regreesion 9	回归10 Regreesion 10	回归11 Regreesion 11
F	-0.072^** (0.139)	-0.100^*** (0.213)	-0.046 (0.138)	-0.079^** (0.150)	-0.120^*** (0.148)
常数项	-1.136	2.900^*	-1.240	2.445^**	-0.564
Constant	(1.021)	(1.627)	(1.008)	(1.143)	(1.066)
Prob>chi²	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
pseudo R²	0.074	0.103	0.043	0.070	0.141

变量 Variable	回归12 Regression 12	回归13 Regression 13
F	-6.854^**	-9.359^***
	(2.946)	(2.452)
常数项	-660.2	-302.9
Constant	(748.9)	(592.7)
R²	0.131	0.137

变量 Variable	回归14 Regression 14	回归15 Regression 15	回归16 Regression 16	回归17 Regression 17	回归18 Regression 18	回归19 Regression 19	回归20 Regression 20	回归21 Regression 21
F	-7.668^***	-8.115^***	-11.28^***	-8.326^***	-10.330^***	-4.401	-10.120^***	-8.266^**
	(2.459)	(2.962)	(3.028)	(2.381)	(2.208)	(3.010)	(2.380)	(3.520)
R²	0.145	0.130	0.164	0.144	0.112	0.162	0.147	0.096

变量 Variable	回归22 Regression 22	回归23 Regression 23
F	-8.058^***	-0.517^***
	(1.807)	(0.120)
B	4.388^**	0.276^*
	(2.171)	(0.144)
F×B	-6.928^**	-0.511^**
	(3.461)	(0.233)
常数项Constant	842	842
R²	0.171	—
pseudo R²	—	0.054 8

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