一种应用于冬笋探测的高隔离度和高灵敏度天线设计

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231301

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11): 2605-2616.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231301

一种应用于冬笋探测的高隔离度和高灵敏度天线设计

周凯琪(), 余铖, 袁彪, 吕艳(), 倪益华, 倪忠进, 严雪纯, 赵鹏飞

浙江农林大学光机电工程学院,浙江杭州 311300

收稿日期:2023-11-16 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-11-27
作者简介:周凯琪(1996—),男,浙江长兴人,硕士研究生,研究方向为智能检测与控制技术。E-mail:1120159444@qq.com
通讯作者: *吕艳,E-mail:yan.lv@outlook.com
基金资助:
浙江省重点研发计划(2020C01055);浙江省科技计划(2022C02054);浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2023C01248)

Design of a high isolation and high sensitivity antenna for winter bamboo shoot detection

ZHOU Kaiqi(), YU Cheng, YUAN Biao, LÜ Yan(), NI Yihua, NI Zhongjin, YAN Xuechun, ZHAO Pengfei

College of Optoelectronics and Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2023-11-16 Online:2024-11-25 Published:2024-11-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足微波法冬笋探测的高灵敏度与低成本需求,设计一种加载扼流槽的背腔收发天线,该天线采用蝶形偶极子天线作为辐射单元,通过使用四面折叠的金属屏蔽盒围绕辐射单元与馈电结构耦合实现天线的定向辐射并提高增益,同时在双天线单元之间加载扼流槽,改善收发天线之间的隔离度。借助电磁仿真软件对天线进行了设计,并进行实物加工与测试。仿真结果表明,当输入回波损耗S₁₁<-10 dB时,天线的工作频率为0.94~1.49 GHz,绝对带宽达到0.55 GHz,相对带宽为45%,工作频段内增益为6.40~10.80 dBi,收发隔离度最高达到-51.6 dB。实测结果与仿真结果较贴合,天线在各方面性能良好。在土壤中测试该天线对冬笋的探测效果,测试结果表明,本研究设计的天线可以较好地分辨出有无冬笋的信号特征。

关键词: 冬笋, 探测, 收发天线, 微波法, 灵敏度, 隔离度

Abstract:

In order to meet the requirements of high sensitivity and low cost of microwave method for detecting winter bamboo shoots, a back cavity transceiver antenna loaded with a choke slot was designed. The antenna used a butterfly dipole antenna as the radiation unit, and used a four folded metal shielding box to couple the radiation unit with the feed structure to achieve directional radiation and improve the gain of the antenna. At the same time, a choke slot was loaded between the two antenna units to improve the isolation between the transceiver antennas. With the help of electromagnetic simulation software, the antenna was designed, processed and tested. The simulation results showed that when input echo loss S₁₁<10 dB, the working frequency of the antenna was 0.94-1.49 GHz, the absolute bandwidth was 0.55 GHz, the relative bandwidth was 45%, the gain in the working frequency band was 6.40-10.80 dBi, and the maximum transmit receive isolation was -51.6 dB. The measured and simulated results were in good agreement, and the antenna had good performance in all aspects. The detection effect of the antenna on winter shoots in soil was tested, and the test results showed that the antenna in this paper could effectively distinguish the signal characteristics of the presence and absence of winter bamboo shoots.

Key words: winter bamboo shoot, detection, transceiver antenna, microwave method, sensitivity, isolation

中图分类号:

TN828.4

周凯琪, 余铖, 袁彪, 吕艳, 倪益华, 倪忠进, 严雪纯, 赵鹏飞. 一种应用于冬笋探测的高隔离度和高灵敏度天线设计[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(11): 2605-2616.

ZHOU Kaiqi, YU Cheng, YUAN Biao, LÜ Yan, NI Yihua, NI Zhongjin, YAN Xuechun, ZHAO Pengfei. Design of a high isolation and high sensitivity antenna for winter bamboo shoot detection[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(11): 2605-2616.

图/表 17

图1 传统蝶形天线 L,天线总臂长;θ0,张角。

Fig.1 Traditional butterfly antenna L, Total arm length of antenna; θ0, Angle of spread.

图2 本文天线结构示意图 A,立体结构示意图;B,单天线底视图;C,单天线侧视图;D,扼流槽侧视图;E,天线整体结构视图。Ws,背腔下宽度;Wp,背腔上宽度;L1、L2、L3,蝶形振子尺寸;Hg,同轴馈电与背腔上顶端距离;Hs,背腔斜坡高度;Hp,上背腔距离振子高度;Hq,扼流槽高度;La,扼流槽宽度;Lb、Lc、Ld探地雷达天线整体尺寸。

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of antenna structure in this paper A, Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure; B, Single antenna bottom view; C, Side view of single antenna; D, Side view of chokes; E, Overall structural view of antenna. Ws, Lower width of the dorsal cavity; Wp, Upper width of the dorsal cavity; L1, L2and L3, Butterfly oscillator size; Hg, Coaxial feeding and distance from the top of the back cavity; Hs, Back cavity slope height; Hp, The distance between the upper back cavity and the oscillator height; Hq, Height of choke groove; La, Width of choke groove; Lb, Lcand Ld, The overall size of the ground penetrating radar antenna.

表1 本文天线结构参数

Table 1 Antenna structure parameters in this paper

参数 Parameter	数值 Value/mm	参数 Parameter	数值 Value/mm
L₁	9	H_s	50
L₂	25	H_p	90
L₃	3	H_q	40
W₁	29	L_a	100
W₂	15	L_b	426
W_s	163	L_c	163
W_p	95	L_d	124
H_g	10

图3 背腔演变及三维辐射方向图 A,无背腔模型;B,两面折叠背腔模型;C,四面折叠背腔模型。

Fig.3 Back cavity evolution and 3D radiation pattern A, No dorsal cavity model; B, Two sided folding back cavity model; C, Four sided folding back cavity model.

图4 三种模型的性能比较 L3,无背腔模型;L4,两面折叠背腔模型;L5,四面折叠背腔模型。

Fig.4 Performance comparison of three models L3, Model without a dorsal cavity; L4, Double-sided folded dorsal cavity model; L5, Four fold back cavity model.

图5 Hp对天线性能的影响

Fig.5 Effect of Hp on antenna performance

图6 Ws对天线性能的影响

Fig.6 Influence of Ws on antenna performance

图7 Wp对天线性能的影响

Fig.7 Effect of Wp on antenna performance

图8 扼流槽结构及其原理 A,扼流槽结构图;B,扼流槽对表面波的扼制原理图;C,扼流槽对反射波和衍射波的扼制原理。

Fig.8 The structure and principle of the choke groove A, Choke groove structure diagram; B, Schematic diagram of the suppression of surface waves by a choke groove; C, The principle of choke groove for suppressing refractive and diffractive waves.

图9 扼流槽对天线收发隔离度的影响

Fig.9 Impact of choke groove on isolation of antenna transceiver

图10 加载扼流槽对天线增益的影响

Fig.10 Effect of choke groove on antenna gain

图11 实物与测试场景

Fig.11 Physical object and test scenario

图12 天线仿真与实测S参数曲线

Fig.12 Antenna simulation and measured S-parameter curve

图13 天线的增益方向图

Fig.13 Gain pattern of antenna

表2 天线性能对比

Table 2 Comparison of antenna performances

天线 Antenna	工作频段 Frequency band/GHz	增益 Gain/ dBi	隔离度S12 Isolation S12/dB
文献[17]	5.00~6.00	8.0	-46.0
Reference [17]
文献[19]	3.30~3.80	5.0	-38.0
Reference [19]
文献[20]	3.50	5.0	-40.0
Reference [20]
本文This paper	0.94~1.49	10.8	-51.6

图14 实地试验场景

Fig.14 Field test scenarios

图15 不同土壤含水率下的功率谱密度对比 A、B、C、D分别为土壤含水率10%、15%、20%、25%时的功率谱密度对比。

Fig.15 Comparison of power spectral density under different soil moisture contents A, B, C and D are comparisons of power spectral density at soil moisture contents of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%, respectively.

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一种应用于冬笋探测的高隔离度和高灵敏度天线设计

Design of a high isolation and high sensitivity antenna for winter bamboo shoot detection

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