疏花处理对台农一号杧果生理落果与果实成熟的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240370

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 831-838.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240370

疏花处理对台农一号杧果生理落果与果实成熟的影响

周轶¹^,²(), 廖仪菲¹^,², 倪隽蓓¹^,², 钱敏杰³, 周开兵³, 滕元文¹^,²^,^*()

1.浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州 310058
2.浙江大学海南研究院,海南三亚 572025
3.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院),海南三亚 572025

收稿日期:2024-04-25 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-05-09
作者简介:周轶(1998—),女,江西宜春人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农艺与种业。E-mail:22116159@zju.edu.cn
通讯作者: *滕元文,E-mail:ywteng@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2021XDNY272)

Effects of flower thinning treatments on fruit setting and ripening of mango (Mangifera indica L.) ‘Tainung No.1’

ZHOU Yi¹^,²(), LIAO Yifei¹^,², NI Junbei¹^,², QIAN Minjie³, ZHOU Kaibing³, TENG Yuanwen¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China
3. School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China

Received:2024-04-25 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-05-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究疏花对杧果坐果和果实成熟的影响,以台农一号杧果为研究对象,以不疏花为对照,以短截花穗为处理,即在开花初期对花序主轴进行不同程度(1/3、1/2和2/3)的剪除处理,测定不同处理的坐果数、单果质量、果实硬度和糖酸含量等指标。结果表明:(1)3种疏花处理对杧果单花穗最终坐果数量没有显著影响,但能显著(P<0.05)减少果实发育过程中的生理落果。(2)3种疏花处理组的果实硬度、总有机酸和柠檬酸含量均显著低于对照组,而可溶性固形物含量、总糖、蔗糖和叶黄素含量均显著高于对照组,表明3种疏花处理可促使果实提前成熟。(3)疏除1/2和疏除2/3处理组的果实平均单果质量和果实横纵径均显著高于对照组,而且疏花处理的果实成熟均一度高于对照组。综上所述,疏花处理能减少杧果果实生理落果并促使其提前成熟,且能保持杧果成熟度的一致性。疏去花序主轴全长的1/2和2/3对减少台农一号杧果落果和促早熟的效果更佳。

关键词: 杧果, 疏花, 坐果, 成熟, 落果

Abstract:

To study the effects of flower thinning on fruit setting and ripening of mango, flowers of mango cultivar ‘Tainung No. 1’ were thinned along the main axis of the inflorescence at different thinning degrees (thinning 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3) at early flowering stage, while unthinned ‘Tainung No. 1’ trees were used as control. The fruit setting number, single fruit weight, firmness, sugar and acid content of the different treatments were measured. The results showed that: (1) Three flower thinning treatments had no significant effect on the number of fruits per inflorescence compared to the control, but could significantly (P<0.05) reduce physiological fruit dropping. (2) Fruit firmness, total organic acid and citric acid contents in the three flower thinning treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control group, while soluble solids content, total sugar, sucrose and lutein contents were significantly higher than those in the control group, indicating that the three flower thinning treatments could promote premature fruit ripening. (3) The average fruit weight and the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the fruit in the 1/2 and 2/3 treatment groups were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the fruit ripeness in the three flower thinning treatment groups was higher than that in the control group. In conclusion, flower thinning can reduce physiological fruit dropping, advance fruit ripening and maintain ripening uniformity of mango fruit. Removal of 1/2 and 2/3 of the total length of the main axis of the inflorescence had a better effect on reducing fruit dropping and advancing the ripening stage of mango cultivar ‘Tainung No. 1’.

Key words: Mangifera indica L., flower thinning, fruit setting, ripening, fruit dropping

中图分类号:

S667.7

周轶, 廖仪菲, 倪隽蓓, 钱敏杰, 周开兵, 滕元文. 疏花处理对台农一号杧果生理落果与果实成熟的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(4): 831-838.

ZHOU Yi, LIAO Yifei, NI Junbei, QIAN Minjie, ZHOU Kaibing, TENG Yuanwen. Effects of flower thinning treatments on fruit setting and ripening of mango (Mangifera indica L.) ‘Tainung No.1’[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(4): 831-838.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	平均单果质量 Average single fruit weight/g	横径 Transverse diameter/mm	纵径 Longitudinal diameter/mm	果形指数 Fruit shape index
对照组Control group	104.63±14.79 b	5.14±0.27 b	8.06±0.47 c	1.57±0.02 ab
疏除1/3 Thinning out 1/3	99.62±11.65 c	5.12±0.21 b	7.75±0.27 c	1.52±0.02 c
疏除1/2 Thinning out 1/2	110.46±5.46 a	5.28±0.19 a	8.42±0.26 a	1.60±0.02 a
疏除2/3 Thinning out 2/3	110.02±11.61 a	5.31±0.06 a	8.21±0.25 b	1.55±0.03 bc

处理 Treatment	平均单果质量 Average single fruit weight/g	横径 Transverse diameter/mm	纵径 Longitudinal diameter/mm	果形指数 Fruit shape index
对照组Control group	104.63±14.79 b	5.14±0.27 b	8.06±0.47 c	1.57±0.02 ab
疏除1/3 Thinning out 1/3	99.62±11.65 c	5.12±0.21 b	7.75±0.27 c	1.52±0.02 c
疏除1/2 Thinning out 1/2	110.46±5.46 a	5.28±0.19 a	8.42±0.26 a	1.60±0.02 a
疏除2/3 Thinning out 2/3	110.02±11.61 a	5.31±0.06 a	8.21±0.25 b	1.55±0.03 bc

处理 Treatment	硬度 Firmness/N	可溶性固形物含量 Total soluble solid content/%
对照组Control group	17.02±6.95 a	11.33±0.45 c
疏除1/3	8.70±0.63 b	18.19±0.52 a
Thinning out 1/3
疏除1/2	11.44±1.31 b	15.68±1.37 b
Thinning out 1/2
疏除2/3	11.94±0.45 b	17.16±1.12 ab
Thinning out 2/3

处理 Treatment	硬度 Firmness/N	可溶性固形物含量 Total soluble solid content/%
对照组Control group	17.02±6.95 a	11.33±0.45 c
疏除1/3	8.70±0.63 b	18.19±0.52 a
Thinning out 1/3
疏除1/2	11.44±1.31 b	15.68±1.37 b
Thinning out 1/2
疏除2/3	11.94±0.45 b	17.16±1.12 ab
Thinning out 2/3

处理 Treatment	可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content				有机酸含量Organic acid content
处理 Treatment	蔗糖 Sucrose	果糖 Fructose	葡萄糖 Glucose	总糖 Total sugar	柠檬酸 Citric acid	苹果酸 Malic acid	有机酸 Organic acid
对照组	22.88±4.41 b	37.87±10.45 b	9.50±4.71 a	70.25±19.30 b	15.31±2.16 a	1.07±0.14 b	16.38±2.14 a
Control group
疏除1/3	71.06±7.92 a	37.73±3.44 b	7.68±1.71 b	116.48±12.58 a	6.52±0.92 b	0.93±0.04 b	7.45±0.91 b
Thinning out 1/3
疏除1/2	72.11±0.65 a	43.06±9.66 a	10.15±4.10 a	125.33±13.72 a	6.63±1.28 b	1.57±0.61 a	8.20±1.04 b
Thinning out 1/2
疏除2/3	77.13±3.29 a	32.56±1.20 c	4.33±1.23 c	114.02±4.23 a	7.80±0.70 b	0.73±0.13 c	8.53±0.81 b
Thinning out 2/3

疏花处理对台农一号杧果生理落果与果实成熟的影响

Effects of flower thinning treatments on fruit setting and ripening of mango (Mangifera indica L.) ‘Tainung No.1’

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处理 Treatment	L^*	a^*	b^*	β-胡萝卜素含量 β-carotene content/(mg·g^-1)	叶黄素含量 Lutein content/(mg·g^-1)
对照组Control group	69.83±1.40 a	1.98±2.53 c	36.19±0.40 b	19.75±2.49 b	7.05±5.97 c
疏除1/3	62.73±2.84 c	7.05±0.34 ab	36.41±1.35 b	26.41±10.18 a	14.25±7.43 a
Thinning out 1/3
疏除1/2	65.94±0.86 b	6.87±1.34 b	36.57±1.13 ab	20.70±0.66 b	12.50±0.68 b
Thinning out 1/2
疏除2/3	65.86±0.63 b	7.26±0.77 a	37.00±0.53 a	27.35±15.29 a	15.85±10.44 a
Thinning out 2/3

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