浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 831-838.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240370
周轶1,2(), 廖仪菲1,2, 倪隽蓓1,2, 钱敏杰3, 周开兵3, 滕元文1,2,*(
)
收稿日期:
2024-04-25
出版日期:
2025-04-25
发布日期:
2025-05-09
作者简介:
周轶(1998—),女,江西宜春人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农艺与种业。E-mail:22116159@zju.edu.cn
通讯作者:
*滕元文,E-mail:ywteng@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
ZHOU Yi1,2(), LIAO Yifei1,2, NI Junbei1,2, QIAN Minjie3, ZHOU Kaibing3, TENG Yuanwen1,2,*(
)
Received:
2024-04-25
Online:
2025-04-25
Published:
2025-05-09
摘要: 为研究疏花对杧果坐果和果实成熟的影响,以台农一号杧果为研究对象,以不疏花为对照,以短截花穗为处理,即在开花初期对花序主轴进行不同程度(1/3、1/2和2/3)的剪除处理,测定不同处理的坐果数、单果质量、果实硬度和糖酸含量等指标。结果表明:(1)3种疏花处理对杧果单花穗最终坐果数量没有显著影响,但能显著(P<0.05)减少果实发育过程中的生理落果。(2)3种疏花处理组的果实硬度、总有机酸和柠檬酸含量均显著低于对照组,而可溶性固形物含量、总糖、蔗糖和叶黄素含量均显著高于对照组,表明3种疏花处理可促使果实提前成熟。(3)疏除1/2和疏除2/3处理组的果实平均单果质量和果实横纵径均显著高于对照组,而且疏花处理的果实成熟均一度高于对照组。综上所述,疏花处理能减少杧果果实生理落果并促使其提前成熟,且能保持杧果成熟度的一致性。疏去花序主轴全长的1/2和2/3对减少台农一号杧果落果和促早熟的效果更佳。
中图分类号:
周轶, 廖仪菲, 倪隽蓓, 钱敏杰, 周开兵, 滕元文. 疏花处理对台农一号杧果生理落果与果实成熟的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(4): 831-838.
ZHOU Yi, LIAO Yifei, NI Junbei, QIAN Minjie, ZHOU Kaibing, TENG Yuanwen. Effects of flower thinning treatments on fruit setting and ripening of mango (Mangifera indica L.) ‘Tainung No.1’[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(4): 831-838.
图2 不同程度疏花处理对坐果的影响 柱上无相同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Fig.2 Effects of different degrees of flower thinning on fruit setting Bars marked without the same lowercase letter indicated significant differences at P<0.05.
处理 Treatment | 平均单果质量 Average single fruit weight/g | 横径 Transverse diameter/mm | 纵径 Longitudinal diameter/mm | 果形指数 Fruit shape index |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照组Control group | 104.63±14.79 b | 5.14±0.27 b | 8.06±0.47 c | 1.57±0.02 ab |
疏除1/3 Thinning out 1/3 | 99.62±11.65 c | 5.12±0.21 b | 7.75±0.27 c | 1.52±0.02 c |
疏除1/2 Thinning out 1/2 | 110.46±5.46 a | 5.28±0.19 a | 8.42±0.26 a | 1.60±0.02 a |
疏除2/3 Thinning out 2/3 | 110.02±11.61 a | 5.31±0.06 a | 8.21±0.25 b | 1.55±0.03 bc |
表1 不同疏花处理对台农一号杧果平均单果质量、横径、纵径和果形指数的影响
Table 1 Effects of different flower thinning treatments on average single fruit weight, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter and fruit shape index of ‘Tainung No. 1’ mango
处理 Treatment | 平均单果质量 Average single fruit weight/g | 横径 Transverse diameter/mm | 纵径 Longitudinal diameter/mm | 果形指数 Fruit shape index |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照组Control group | 104.63±14.79 b | 5.14±0.27 b | 8.06±0.47 c | 1.57±0.02 ab |
疏除1/3 Thinning out 1/3 | 99.62±11.65 c | 5.12±0.21 b | 7.75±0.27 c | 1.52±0.02 c |
疏除1/2 Thinning out 1/2 | 110.46±5.46 a | 5.28±0.19 a | 8.42±0.26 a | 1.60±0.02 a |
疏除2/3 Thinning out 2/3 | 110.02±11.61 a | 5.31±0.06 a | 8.21±0.25 b | 1.55±0.03 bc |
图3 不同疏花处理果实在相同采摘和后熟时间下的表型比较
Fig.3 Comparison of phenotypes of fruits from different flower thinning treatments under the conditions of the same harvest and ripening time
处理 Treatment | 硬度 Firmness/N | 可溶性固形物含量 Total soluble solid content/% |
---|---|---|
对照组Control group | 17.02±6.95 a | 11.33±0.45 c |
疏除1/3 | 8.70±0.63 b | 18.19±0.52 a |
Thinning out 1/3 | ||
疏除1/2 | 11.44±1.31 b | 15.68±1.37 b |
Thinning out 1/2 | ||
疏除2/3 | 11.94±0.45 b | 17.16±1.12 ab |
Thinning out 2/3 |
表2 不同疏花处理对台农一号杧果果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量的影响
Table 2 Effects of different flower thinning treatments on firmness and soluble solid content of ‘Tainung No. 1’ mango fruit
处理 Treatment | 硬度 Firmness/N | 可溶性固形物含量 Total soluble solid content/% |
---|---|---|
对照组Control group | 17.02±6.95 a | 11.33±0.45 c |
疏除1/3 | 8.70±0.63 b | 18.19±0.52 a |
Thinning out 1/3 | ||
疏除1/2 | 11.44±1.31 b | 15.68±1.37 b |
Thinning out 1/2 | ||
疏除2/3 | 11.94±0.45 b | 17.16±1.12 ab |
Thinning out 2/3 |
处理 Treatment | 可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content | 有机酸含量Organic acid content | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蔗糖 Sucrose | 果糖 Fructose | 葡萄糖 Glucose | 总糖 Total sugar | 柠檬酸 Citric acid | 苹果酸 Malic acid | 有机酸 Organic acid | |
对照组 | 22.88±4.41 b | 37.87±10.45 b | 9.50±4.71 a | 70.25±19.30 b | 15.31±2.16 a | 1.07±0.14 b | 16.38±2.14 a |
Control group | |||||||
疏除1/3 | 71.06±7.92 a | 37.73±3.44 b | 7.68±1.71 b | 116.48±12.58 a | 6.52±0.92 b | 0.93±0.04 b | 7.45±0.91 b |
Thinning out 1/3 | |||||||
疏除1/2 | 72.11±0.65 a | 43.06±9.66 a | 10.15±4.10 a | 125.33±13.72 a | 6.63±1.28 b | 1.57±0.61 a | 8.20±1.04 b |
Thinning out 1/2 | |||||||
疏除2/3 | 77.13±3.29 a | 32.56±1.20 c | 4.33±1.23 c | 114.02±4.23 a | 7.80±0.70 b | 0.73±0.13 c | 8.53±0.81 b |
Thinning out 2/3 |
表3 不同疏花处理对台农一号杧果果实可溶性糖、有机酸组分和含量的影响
Table 3 Effects of different flower thinning treatments on the composition and content of soluble sugar and organic acid of ‘Tainung No. 1’ mango fruit mg·g-1
处理 Treatment | 可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content | 有机酸含量Organic acid content | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蔗糖 Sucrose | 果糖 Fructose | 葡萄糖 Glucose | 总糖 Total sugar | 柠檬酸 Citric acid | 苹果酸 Malic acid | 有机酸 Organic acid | |
对照组 | 22.88±4.41 b | 37.87±10.45 b | 9.50±4.71 a | 70.25±19.30 b | 15.31±2.16 a | 1.07±0.14 b | 16.38±2.14 a |
Control group | |||||||
疏除1/3 | 71.06±7.92 a | 37.73±3.44 b | 7.68±1.71 b | 116.48±12.58 a | 6.52±0.92 b | 0.93±0.04 b | 7.45±0.91 b |
Thinning out 1/3 | |||||||
疏除1/2 | 72.11±0.65 a | 43.06±9.66 a | 10.15±4.10 a | 125.33±13.72 a | 6.63±1.28 b | 1.57±0.61 a | 8.20±1.04 b |
Thinning out 1/2 | |||||||
疏除2/3 | 77.13±3.29 a | 32.56±1.20 c | 4.33±1.23 c | 114.02±4.23 a | 7.80±0.70 b | 0.73±0.13 c | 8.53±0.81 b |
Thinning out 2/3 |
处理 Treatment | L* | a* | b* | β-胡萝卜素含量 β-carotene content/(mg·g-1) | 叶黄素含量 Lutein content/(mg·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组Control group | 69.83±1.40 a | 1.98±2.53 c | 36.19±0.40 b | 19.75±2.49 b | 7.05±5.97 c |
疏除1/3 | 62.73±2.84 c | 7.05±0.34 ab | 36.41±1.35 b | 26.41±10.18 a | 14.25±7.43 a |
Thinning out 1/3 | |||||
疏除1/2 | 65.94±0.86 b | 6.87±1.34 b | 36.57±1.13 ab | 20.70±0.66 b | 12.50±0.68 b |
Thinning out 1/2 | |||||
疏除2/3 | 65.86±0.63 b | 7.26±0.77 a | 37.00±0.53 a | 27.35±15.29 a | 15.85±10.44 a |
Thinning out 2/3 |
表4 不同疏花处理对台农一号杧果果实色泽和类胡萝卜素含量的影响
Table 4 Effects of different flower thinning treatments on color and carotenoid content of ‘Tainung No. 1’ mango fruit
处理 Treatment | L* | a* | b* | β-胡萝卜素含量 β-carotene content/(mg·g-1) | 叶黄素含量 Lutein content/(mg·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组Control group | 69.83±1.40 a | 1.98±2.53 c | 36.19±0.40 b | 19.75±2.49 b | 7.05±5.97 c |
疏除1/3 | 62.73±2.84 c | 7.05±0.34 ab | 36.41±1.35 b | 26.41±10.18 a | 14.25±7.43 a |
Thinning out 1/3 | |||||
疏除1/2 | 65.94±0.86 b | 6.87±1.34 b | 36.57±1.13 ab | 20.70±0.66 b | 12.50±0.68 b |
Thinning out 1/2 | |||||
疏除2/3 | 65.86±0.63 b | 7.26±0.77 a | 37.00±0.53 a | 27.35±15.29 a | 15.85±10.44 a |
Thinning out 2/3 |
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