马铃薯健康株与疮痂病株根区土壤微生物群落多样性差异分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240756

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1743-1754.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240756

马铃薯健康株与疮痂病株根区土壤微生物群落多样性差异分析

谭海霞¹^,²(), 彭红丽¹^,², 王连龙¹, 魏建梅¹

1.河北环境工程学院生态学系,河北秦皇岛 066102
2.河北省农业生态安全重点实验室,河北秦皇岛 066102

收稿日期:2024-08-23 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-03
作者简介:谭海霞(1979—),女,黑龙江五常人,硕士,副教授,主要从事生态修复研究。E-mail:tanhaixia2001@126.com
基金资助:
河北省重点研发计划(22322903D);秦皇岛市科学技术研究与发展计划(202302B012);河北省农业生态安全重点实验室开放基金(2023SYSJJ14);河北环境工程学院基金项目(2023XJKT07)

Differences in soil microbial community diversity between healthy and scab-diseased potato plants in root zone

TAN Haixia¹^,²(), PENG Hongli¹^,², WANG Lianlong¹, WEI Jianmei¹

1. Department of Ecology, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, Hebei, China
2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Qinhuangdao 066102, Hebei, China

Received:2024-08-23 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以马铃薯健康株根区土壤(HS)和疮痂病株根区土壤(OS)为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术分析了两组样品中微生物的多样性差异。结果表明,OS细菌群落的ACE指数、Chao1指数、香农(Shannon)指数均显著(p<0.05)高于HS,但HS和OS的真菌群落Alpha多样性指数无显著差异。与OS相比:在门水平上,HS变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的相对丰度降低,而酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)的相对丰度增加;在属水平上,HS鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)、Tausonia腐质霉属(Humicola)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、被孢霉属(Mortierella)的相对丰度降低,而Sonoraphlyctis、青霉属(Penicillium)的相对丰度增加。主坐标分析(PcoA)及LEfSe分析的结果均表明,HS与OS的土壤微生物群落结构差异明显。在土壤理化性状上,HS的土壤pH值、速效钾含量显著低于OS,但其土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量均显著高于OS。功能预测结果显示,HS与OS在细菌的碳代谢和嘌呤代谢功能上存在显著差异。HS和OS的真菌群落以腐生营养型真菌为主,但OS木质腐生真菌的相对丰度显著高于HS。该研究初步揭示了马铃薯疮痂病株与健康株根区土壤的微生物结构与功能差异,可为马铃薯疮痂病的有效防控提供部分理论依据。

关键词: 马铃薯疮痂病, 根区土壤, 微生物组成与结构, 功能预测

Abstract:

To explore the differences in soil microbial diversity, soil samples were collected from the root zone of healthy potato plants (HS) and scab-diseased potato plants (OS), and high-throughput sequencing was used. The results indicated that the ACE index, Chao1 index and Shannon index of the bacterial community in OS were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of HS, yet there was no significant difference in the alpha diversity indexes for the fungal community. At the phylum level, compared with OS, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, Bacteroidota and Basidiomycota in HS was decreased significantly, while the relative abundances of Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota in HS was increased significantly. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Lysobacter, Tausonia, Humicola, Alternaria and Mortierella dcreased in the HS, while the relative abundances of Sonoraphlyctis and Penicillium increased. Principal co-ordinates analysis (PcoA) and LEfSe analysis indicated that there was significant difference in the soil microbial community structure between HS and OS. For soil chemical properties, the pH value and available potassium content of HS was significantly lower than that of OS, yet the content of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus in HS was significantly higher. Functional prediction results showed that there were significant differences in bacterial carbon metabolism and purine metabolism functions. The fungal community was mainly saprotroph in both HS and OS, yet the relative abundance of wood saprotroph in the OS was significantly higher than that of HS. These findings revealed the differences in the structure and function of soil microorganisms in the root zone between scab-diseased potato plants and healthy plants, which could provide theoretical basis for the effective prevention and control of potato scab disease.

Key words: potato common scab, root zone soil, microbial composition and structure, functional prediction

中图分类号:

谭海霞, 彭红丽, 王连龙, 魏建梅. 马铃薯健康株与疮痂病株根区土壤微生物群落多样性差异分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(8): 1743-1754.

TAN Haixia, PENG Hongli, WANG Lianlong, WEI Jianmei. Differences in soil microbial community diversity between healthy and scab-diseased potato plants in root zone[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(8): 1743-1754.

图/表 9

图1 马铃薯根区土壤细菌(左)和真菌(右)的分类操作单元

Fig.1 Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria (left) and fungi (right) in potato root zone soil

表1 马铃薯根区土壤微生物群落的Alpha多样性指数

Table 1 Alpha diversity indices of microbial communities in potato root zone soil

微生物类别 Microbial type	土壤样品 Soil sample	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香农指数 Shannon index	覆盖率 Coverage/%
细菌Bacteria	HS	1 309.18±21.64 b	1 306.28±21.99 b	0.993 8±0.000 5 a	8.62±0.03 b	99.98±0.01 a
	OS	1 371.63±7.20 a	1 368.74±7.03 a	0.994 5±0.000 3 a	9.02±0.02 a	99.98±0.01 a
真菌Fungi	HS	233.82±35.89 a	233.46±36.26 a	0.803 4±0.215 2 a	4.20±1.68 a	99.99±0.01 a
	OS	294.00±40.44 a	293.58±40.65 a	0.935 2±0.011 4 a	5.19±0.33 a	99.99±0.01 a

图2 马铃薯根区主要土壤细菌在门水平(左)和属水平(右)上的组成及其相对丰度 Unassigned,未分配。Others,其他;Patescibacteria,髌骨细菌门;unclassified_Bacteria,未分类细菌;Verrucomicrobiota,疣微菌门;Myxococcota,黏细菌门;Chloroflexi,绿弯菌门;Bacteroidota,拟杆菌门;Actinobacteriota,放线菌门;Gemmatimonadota,芽单胞菌门;Acidobacteriota,酸杆菌门;Proteobacteria,变形菌门。Unclassified,未分类。Bryobacter,苔藓杆菌属;Lysobacter,溶杆菌属;unclassified_Vicinamibacterales,Vicinamibacterales目未分类属;unclassified_Chitinophagaceae,噬几丁质菌科未分类属;Rhodanobacter,罗河杆菌属;unclassified_Acidobacteriales,酸杆菌目未分类属;Gemmatimonas,芽单胞菌属;unclassified_SC_Ⅰ_84,SC_Ⅰ_84未分类属;unclassified_Gemmatimonadaceae,芽单胞菌科未分类属;Sphingomonas,鞘氨醇单胞菌属。下同。The same as below.

Fig.2 Community compostion and relative abundance of main bacteria at phylum (left) and genus (right) level in potato root zone soil

图3 马铃薯根区主要土壤真菌在门水平(左)和属水平(右)上的组成及其相对丰度 Others,其他;Aphelidiomycota,滑鞭虫门;Glomeromycota,球囊菌门;Neocallimastigomycota,新美鞭菌门;Rozellomycota,罗兹菌门;Blastocladiomycota,芽枝霉门;Mortierellomycota,被孢霉门;unclassified_Fungi,未分类真菌;Chytridiomycota,壶菌门;Basidiomycota,担子菌门;Ascomycota,子囊菌门。unidentified,未识别;Penicillium,青霉属;Mortierella,被孢霉属;Alternaria,链格孢属;Humicola,腐质霉属;Idriella,花顶孢属;unclassified_Chaetomiaceae,毛壳菌科未分类属。下同。The same as below.

Fig.3 Community compostion and relative abundance of main fungi at phylum (left) and genus (right) level in potato root zone soil

图4 马铃薯根区土壤细菌(左)和真菌(右)群落的主坐标分析(PCoA) PCo1,第1主坐标;PCo2,第2主坐标。

Fig.4 Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of bacterial (left) and fungal (right) community in potato root zone soil PCo1, Principal coordinate 1; PCo2, Principal coordinate 2.

图5 马铃薯根区土壤细菌(左)和真菌(右)群落的线性判别分析(LDA)值分布图 k_、p_、c_、o_、f_、g_、s_分别表征界、门、纲、目、科、属、种水平。unclassified表示未分类。LDA SCORE (log 10),表示LDA值的常用对数值。Sphignomonadaceae,鞘脂单胞菌科;Sphingomonadales,鞘脂单胞菌目;Xanthomonadaceae,黄单胞菌科;Xanthomonadales,黄单胞菌目;Acidobacteriaceae_Subgroup_1,酸杆菌科亚群1;Bacteria,细菌界;Acidobacteriales,酸杆菌目;Acidobacteriae,酸杆菌纲;Humicola_nigrescens,黑腐质霉;Fungi,真菌;Agaricomycetes,伞菌纲;Eurotiales,散囊菌目;Aspergillaceae,曲霉科;Eurotiomycetes,散囊菌纲。

Fig.5 Distribution of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores for bacterial (left) and fungal (right) community in potato root zone soil k_, p_, c_, o_, f_, g_, s_ indicate categorical level of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, respectively. LDA SCORE (log 10) represents the common logarithm value of LDA score.

表2 马铃薯根区土壤的化学性质

Table 2 Chemical properties of soil in potato root zone

土壤样品 Soil sample	pH值 pH value	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/(mg·kg^-1)
HS	4.74±0.01 b	11.51±0.01 a	96.33±0.58 a	157.17±1.05 a	308.67±0.67 b
OS	5.64±0.01 a	9.02±0.07 b	64.42±0.46 b	94.13±0.06 b	332.49±0.58 a

图6 土壤化学因子与马铃薯根区门水平细菌群落(左)和属水平真菌群落(右)结构的相关性 “*”“**”“***”分别表示在p<0.05、p<0.01、p<0.001水平显著相关。AK,速效钾含量;AN,碱解氮含量;OM,有机质含量,AP,有效磷含量。

Fig.6 Correlation between soil chemical factors and bacterial community strucutre at phylum level (left) and fungal community structure at genus level (right) in potato root zone “*” “**” “***” represent significant correlation at p<0.05,p<0.01, p<0.001 level, respectively. AK, Available potassium content; AN, Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content; OM, Organic matter content; AP, Available phosphorus content.

图7 马铃薯根区土壤细菌(上)和真菌(下)群落的功能预测 Carbon metabolism,碳代谢;Purine metabolism,嘌呤代谢;Two-component system,双组分系统; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,次级代谢物的生物合成; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,不同环境中的微生物代谢; Biosynthesis of amino acid,氨基酸的生物合成; ABC transporters, ABC转运蛋白;Ribosome,核糖体;Metabolic pathways,代谢途径;Biosynthesis of antibiotics,抗生素的生物合成。Wood saprotroph,木质腐生真菌;Undefined saprotroph,未定义腐生真菌;Animal pathogen,动物病原菌;Algal parasite,藻类寄生菌;Ectomycorrhizal,外生菌根真菌;Plant pathogen,植物病原菌;Dung saprotroph,粪生腐生真菌;Endophyte,内生真菌,Fungi parasite,真菌寄生菌。Mean proportion,丰度平均比例;Differences between proportions,功能丰度的差异比例;95% confidence intervals,95%置信度区间。

Fig.7 Functional prediction of bacterial (up) and fungal (down) community in potato root zone soil

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马铃薯健康株与疮痂病株根区土壤微生物群落多样性差异分析

Differences in soil microbial community diversity between healthy and scab-diseased potato plants in root zone

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