普通油茶主要性状的年际稳定性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250004

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1624-1633.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250004

普通油茶主要性状的年际稳定性

曹永庆(), 姚小华, 王开良, 任华东

中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江省林木育种技术研究重点实验室,浙江杭州 311400

收稿日期:2025-01-02 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-03
作者简介:曹永庆(1981—),男,山东青州人,博士,副研究员,研究方向为经济林栽培。E-mail:caoyq1981@163.com
基金资助:
中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资助项目(CAFYBB2023ZA001)

Interannual stability of main traits for Camellia oleifera Abel.

CAO Yongqing(), YAO Xiaohua, WANG Kailiang, REN Huadong

Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China

Received:2025-01-02 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为分析普通油茶主要性状的年际稳定性,为区域品种适宜性评价和筛选提供参考,本研究以25份普通油茶优良无性系为对象,于2020—2022年观测始花期、盛花期、产量、单鲜果重(单果重)、鲜果出籽率、干籽出仁率、种仁含油率和油酸含量等9个性状,分析不同性状的年际变异特征,并采用灰色关联度分析法对不同无性系的年际稳定性进行综合评价。结果表明,不同无性系的始花期和盛花期差异较大,始花期和盛花期的年际间变异系数分别为14.00%~84.84%和0~62.73%;始花期与盛花期存在显著相关关系,始花期越早则盛花期越短,始花期越晚则盛花期越长。不同品种的单株产量差异较大,年际变异系数为15.51%~128.21%%,平均变异系数为60.43%。单果重、鲜果出籽率、单籽重和干籽出仁率的年际变异系数平均值分别为23.17%、9.78%、37.35%和5.41%。不同无性系的种仁含油率和油酸含量分别为36.30%~53.08%和77.97%~82.90%,年际变异系数平均值分别为11.77%和3.56%。部分性状间的相关性显著。各性状年际变异系数排序为:单株产量>始花期、盛花期和单籽重>单果重>鲜果出籽率和种仁含油率>干籽出仁率>油酸,CL55、CL53和CL21的年际稳定性最好,GL12、GL9和XL27的年际稳定性最差。

关键词: 普通油茶, 无性系, 年际稳定性, 始花期, 盛花期, 变异系数, 灰色关联度分析

Abstract:

To explores the interannual stability of main traits for Camellia oleifera Abel. and provide reference for regional cultivars evaluation and screening, 25 cultivars(clones) were selected to study the annual changes of 9 main traits, including initial time of flowering, blooming stage, yield, single fresh fruit weight(single fruit weight), ratio of seed to fresh fruit, single seed weight, ratio of dry kernel to seed, oil rate of kernel, oleic acid content, for three consecutive years from 2020 to 2022. The interannual variation characters of different traits were analyzed and interannual stability of different cultivars were evaluated by grey relation analysis. The result showed that the different cultivars showed obviously different traits on initial time of flowering and blooming stage, and the interannual coefficient of variation(CV) of initial time of flowering and blooming stage were 14.00%-84.84% and 0-62.73%, respectively. And a significant correlation was found between the initial time of flowering and the blooming stage. The earlier the initial of flowering, the shorter the blooming stage; the later the initial of flowering stage, the longer the blooming stage. The yield was also obviously different and the interannual CV was between 15.51% and 128.21%, the average value was 60.43%; The average interannual CV of single fruit weight, ratio of seed to fresh fruit, single seed weight, and ratio of dry kernel to seed were 23.17%, 9.78%, 37.35% and 5.41%, respectively. The oil rate of kernel and oleic acid content of 25 clones were 36.30%-53.08% and 77.97%-82.90%, and their average interannual CV were 11.77% and 3.56%, respectively. And significant correlations were found among the traits. The average interannual CV of 9 traits was ranked as follows: yield>initial time of flowering, blooming stage, single seed weight>single fruit weight>ratio of seed to fresh fruit, the oil rate of kernel>ratio of dry kernel to seed>oleic acid content. CL55, CL53, and CL21 had the best interannual stability, while GL12, GL9, and XL27 had the worst interannual stability.

Key words: Camellia oleifera Abel., clone, interannual stability, initial time of flowering, blooming stage, coefficient of variation, grey relation analysis

中图分类号:

S794.4

曹永庆, 姚小华, 王开良, 任华东. 普通油茶主要性状的年际稳定性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(8): 1624-1633.

CAO Yongqing, YAO Xiaohua, WANG Kailiang, REN Huadong. Interannual stability of main traits for Camellia oleifera Abel.[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(8): 1624-1633.

图/表 10

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无性系 Clone	缩写 Abbreviation	无性系 Clone	缩写 Abbreviation
长林3号 Changlin 3	CL3	赣12 Gan 12	GL12
长林4号 Changlin 4	CL4	杂交31 Cross 31	C31
长林18号 Changlin 18	CL18	杂交32 Cross 32	C32
长林21号 Changlin 21	CL21	杂交42 Cross 42	C42
长林23号 Changlin 23	CL23	杂交43 Cross 43	C43
长林27号 Changlin 27	CL27	杂交53 Cross 53	C53
长林40号 Changlin 40	CL40	湘林3 Xianglin 3	XL3
长林53号 Changlin 53	CL53	湘林4 Xianglin 4	XL4
长林55号 Changlin 55	CL55	湘林5 Xianglin 5	XL5
长林166号 Changlin 166	CL166	湘林6 Xianglin 6	XL6
赣4 Gan 4	GL4	湘林9 Xianglin 9	XL9
赣5 Gan 5	GL5	湘林27 Xianglin 27	XL27
赣9 Gan 9	GL9

无性系 Clone	缩写 Abbreviation	无性系 Clone	缩写 Abbreviation
长林3号 Changlin 3	CL3	赣12 Gan 12	GL12
长林4号 Changlin 4	CL4	杂交31 Cross 31	C31
长林18号 Changlin 18	CL18	杂交32 Cross 32	C32
长林21号 Changlin 21	CL21	杂交42 Cross 42	C42
长林23号 Changlin 23	CL23	杂交43 Cross 43	C43
长林27号 Changlin 27	CL27	杂交53 Cross 53	C53
长林40号 Changlin 40	CL40	湘林3 Xianglin 3	XL3
长林53号 Changlin 53	CL53	湘林4 Xianglin 4	XL4
长林55号 Changlin 55	CL55	湘林5 Xianglin 5	XL5
长林166号 Changlin 166	CL166	湘林6 Xianglin 6	XL6
赣4 Gan 4	GL4	湘林9 Xianglin 9	XL9
赣5 Gan 5	GL5	湘林27 Xianglin 27	XL27
赣9 Gan 9	GL9

无性系 Clone	始花期Initial time of flowering			平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%	盛花期Blooming stage/d			平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%
无性系 Clone	2020	2021	2022	平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%	2020	2021	2022	平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%
CL3	24.00	36.00	46.00	35.33	31.17	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	0
CL4	23.00	36.00	48.00	35.67	35.06	24.00	46.00	23.00	31.00	41.94
CL18	16.00	16.00	34.00	22.00	47.24	22.00	29.00	18.00	23.00	24.21
CL21	1.00	21.00	29.00	17.00	84.84	33.00	26.00	39.00	32.67	19.92
CL23	16.00	31.00	33.00	26.67	34.84	20.00	12.00	22.00	18.00	29.40
CL27	21.00	43.00	50.00	38.00	39.82	24.00	35.00	22.00	27.00	25.93
CL40	29.00	41.00	48.00	39.33	24.43	18.00	45.00	31.00	31.33	43.09
CL53	24.00	39.00	33.00	32.00	23.59	13.00	18.00	24.00	18.33	30.04
CL55	1.00	21.00	29.00	17.00	84.84	32.00	19.00	23.00	24.67	26.99
CL166	24.00	36.00	44.00	34.67	29.04	23.00	24.00	28.00	25.00	10.58
GL4	39.00	55.00	50.00	48.00	17.05	18.00	29.00	23.00	23.33	23.60
GL5	43.00	71.00	68.00	60.67	25.34	13.00	43.00	28.00	28.00	53.57
GL9	43.00	71.00	67.00	60.33	25.10	12.00	35.00	30.00	25.67	47.13
GL12	45.00	71.00	60.00	58.67	22.25	10.00	35.00	30.00	25.00	52.92
C31	31.00	41.00	38.00	36.67	14.00	15.00	29.00	24.00	22.67	31.30
C32	35.00	53.00	48.00	45.33	20.50	20.00	31.00	23.00	24.67	23.05
C42	20.00	26.00	44.00	30.00	41.63	17.00	29.00	17.00	21.00	32.99
C43	28.00	36.00	54.00	39.33	33.86	18.00	30.00	20.00	22.67	28.36
C53	22.00	36.00	58.00	38.67	46.93	12.00	31.00	25.00	22.67	42.85
XL3	38.00	55.00	58.00	50.33	21.43	15.00	39.00	28.00	27.33	43.95
XL4	26.00	49.00	50.00	41.67	32.58	24.00	34.00	17.00	25.00	34.18
XL5	46.00	65.00	62.00	57.67	17.71	24.00	47.00	28.00	33.00	37.24
XL6	26.00	41.00	54.00	40.33	34.74	25.00	46.00	23.00	31.33	40.66
XL9	22.00	41.00	36.00	33.00	29.85	24.00	16.00	18.00	19.33	21.53
XL27	28.00	30.00	44.00	34.00	25.64	19.00	54.00	21.00	31.33	62.73
平均值Mean	26.84	42.44	47.4	38.89	33.74	19.96	32.24	24.36	25.52	33.13

无性系 Clone	始花期Initial time of flowering			平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%	盛花期Blooming stage/d			平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%
无性系 Clone	2020	2021	2022	平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%	2020	2021	2022	平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%
CL3	24.00	36.00	46.00	35.33	31.17	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	0
CL4	23.00	36.00	48.00	35.67	35.06	24.00	46.00	23.00	31.00	41.94
CL18	16.00	16.00	34.00	22.00	47.24	22.00	29.00	18.00	23.00	24.21
CL21	1.00	21.00	29.00	17.00	84.84	33.00	26.00	39.00	32.67	19.92
CL23	16.00	31.00	33.00	26.67	34.84	20.00	12.00	22.00	18.00	29.40
CL27	21.00	43.00	50.00	38.00	39.82	24.00	35.00	22.00	27.00	25.93
CL40	29.00	41.00	48.00	39.33	24.43	18.00	45.00	31.00	31.33	43.09
CL53	24.00	39.00	33.00	32.00	23.59	13.00	18.00	24.00	18.33	30.04
CL55	1.00	21.00	29.00	17.00	84.84	32.00	19.00	23.00	24.67	26.99
CL166	24.00	36.00	44.00	34.67	29.04	23.00	24.00	28.00	25.00	10.58
GL4	39.00	55.00	50.00	48.00	17.05	18.00	29.00	23.00	23.33	23.60
GL5	43.00	71.00	68.00	60.67	25.34	13.00	43.00	28.00	28.00	53.57
GL9	43.00	71.00	67.00	60.33	25.10	12.00	35.00	30.00	25.67	47.13
GL12	45.00	71.00	60.00	58.67	22.25	10.00	35.00	30.00	25.00	52.92
C31	31.00	41.00	38.00	36.67	14.00	15.00	29.00	24.00	22.67	31.30
C32	35.00	53.00	48.00	45.33	20.50	20.00	31.00	23.00	24.67	23.05
C42	20.00	26.00	44.00	30.00	41.63	17.00	29.00	17.00	21.00	32.99
C43	28.00	36.00	54.00	39.33	33.86	18.00	30.00	20.00	22.67	28.36
C53	22.00	36.00	58.00	38.67	46.93	12.00	31.00	25.00	22.67	42.85
XL3	38.00	55.00	58.00	50.33	21.43	15.00	39.00	28.00	27.33	43.95
XL4	26.00	49.00	50.00	41.67	32.58	24.00	34.00	17.00	25.00	34.18
XL5	46.00	65.00	62.00	57.67	17.71	24.00	47.00	28.00	33.00	37.24
XL6	26.00	41.00	54.00	40.33	34.74	25.00	46.00	23.00	31.33	40.66
XL9	22.00	41.00	36.00	33.00	29.85	24.00	16.00	18.00	19.33	21.53
XL27	28.00	30.00	44.00	34.00	25.64	19.00	54.00	21.00	31.33	62.73
平均值Mean	26.84	42.44	47.4	38.89	33.74	19.96	32.24	24.36	25.52	33.13

无性系 Clone	单株产量 Yield per plant		单果重 Fresh fruit weight		鲜果出籽率 Ratio of seed to fresh fruit		单籽重 Single seed weight		干籽出仁率 Ratio of dry kernel to seed
无性系 Clone	平均值 Mean/kg	变异系数 CV/%	平均值 Mean/g	变异系数 CV/%	平均值 Mean/%	变异系数 CV/%	平均值 Mean/g	变异系数 CV/%	平均值 Mean/%	变异系数 CV/%
CL3	5.04	28.61	14.61	31.25	47.32	10.15	2.52	25.58	59.72	2.13
CL4	2.67	18.61	20.99	14.60	39.16	3.72	2.99	23.31	63.53	4.82
CL18	2.56	73.93	25.06	8.49	46.38	5.97	2.89	6.66	68.73	1.54
CL21	2.66	47.42	20.26	10.86	41.70	9.33	2.58	14.92	67.63	1.31
CL23	5.83	54.27	22.31	35.25	41.01	8.70	1.89	40.66	70.89	3.82
CL27	4.27	52.09	23.31	9.58	46.30	3.11	3.70	3.91	67.66	3.63
CL40	2.18	57.48	14.37	20.25	34.99	12.97	2.90	29.92	70.19	2.91
CL53	2.29	15.51	23.17	23.05	48.85	3.95	4.10	29.70	64.55	2.37
CL55	3.13	29.52	15.47	19.51	40.30	5.51	2.63	6.15	68.56	2.95
CL166	2.36	55.36	11.65	23.45	35.74	11.65	3.14	48.70	66.29	9.00
GL4	7.73	128.21	20.17	32.28	35.25	18.47	1.63	61.69	60.76	2.13
GL5	5.07	71.25	20.21	40.42	45.61	16.99	2.91	60.59	64.33	4.35
GL9	5.28	93.08	18.29	31.71	38.93	24.41	1.99	66.44	66.68	6.84
GL12	0.97	100.41	13.32	41.75	28.22	18.38	1.88	66.12	52.83	6.94
C31	10.87	42.17	17.99	23.01	47.00	9.13	1.40	54.86	63.81	13.62
C32	4.42	116.67	13.36	24.20	46.97	6.30	2.18	37.18	71.65	3.89
C42	5.27	44.78	21.30	23.58	49.77	8.43	3.21	31.31	67.27	2.77
C43	5.03	66.29	15.69	19.24	51.06	2.38	3.06	36.14	64.26	7.11
C53	5.80	41.09	23.79	9.94	49.08	0.35	5.77	19.79	56.58	10.54
XL3	3.55	57.34	23.56	46.16	47.27	17.11	3.39	74.99	51.60	14.36
XL4	3.04	74.15	17.56	13.31	44.10	6.22	2.04	36.94	69.17	0.32
XL5	3.22	65.6	18.25	32.37	38.62	14.34	2.47	64.77	61.74	6.75
XL6	3.71	38.81	20.14	16.82	41.43	2.45	3.00	7.70	61.71	5.65
XL9	2.48	60.48	20.02	11.22	38.21	11.40	2.73	48.66	63.15	7.41
XL27	3.60	77.69	16.46	17.07	33.06	13.12	2.48	37.13	69.24	8.21
平均值	4.12	60.43	18.85	23.17	42.25	9.78	2.78	37.35	64.50	5.41
Mean

普通油茶主要性状的年际稳定性

Interannual stability of main traits for Camellia oleifera Abel.

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无性系 Clone	种仁含油率 Oil rate of kernel		油酸含量 Oleic acid content
无性系 Clone	平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV	平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV
CL3	49.86	13.05	79.00	4.60
CL4	48.64	13.77	80.43	3.15
CL18	48.11	5.64	80.73	3.00
CL21	48.70	2.00	81.13	1.35
CL23	49.85	6.77	82.20	1.17
CL27	42.41	9.36	78.30	4.79
CL40	47.96	11.75	81.17	2.76
CL53	39.85	16.58	79.10	4.63
CL55	53.08	1.37	82.67	1.01
CL166	45.80	19.74	79.73	3.73
GL4	51.37	7.97	80.27	4.15
GL5	49.50	12.12	77.97	4.64
GL9	45.36	15.31	79.10	5.26
GL12	45.52	14.66	79.93	4.08
C31	45.54	11.14	79.90	4.15
C32	48.38	13.23	79.10	5.81
C42	40.88	13.18	78.90	3.90
C43	41.13	19.67	78.73	3.86
C53	36.30	12.56	78.07	5.06
XL3	39.55	18.32	79.40	3.73
XL4	49.38	1.28	82.90	2.29
XL5	47.57	16.24	81.97	2.13
XL6	47.93	11.26	80.87	3.07
XL9	43.43	4.39	81.57	0.50
XL27	49.84	22.88	78.50	6.23
平均值	46.24	11.77	80.07	3.56
Mean

花期物候 Flowering phenology	产量 Yield	单果重 Single fruit weight	鲜果出籽率 Ratio of seed to fresh fruit	单籽重 Single seed weight	干籽出仁率 Ratio of dry kernel to seed	种仁含油率 Oil rate of kernel	油酸含量 Oleic acid content
始花期	-0.201	-0.450^**	-0.397^**	-0.458^**	-0.264	0.123	0.088
Initial time of flowering
盛花期	-0.327	-0.392^**	-0.409^**	-0.416^**	0.152	0.525^**	0.437^**
Blooming stage

性状 Trait	产量 Yield	单果重 Single fruit weight	鲜果出籽率 Ratio of seed to fresh fruit	单籽重 Single seed weight	干籽出仁率 Ratio of dry kernel to seed	种仁含油率 Oil rate of kernel
单果重Single fruit weight	0.241^*
鲜果出籽率Ratio of seed to fresh fruit	0.318^**	0.554^**
单籽重Single seed weight	-0.012	0.570^**	0.537^**
干籽出仁率Ratio of dry kernel to seed	0.056	-0.063	0.046	-0.233^*
种仁含油率Oil rate of kernel	-0.150	-0.311^*	-0.365^**	-0.567^**	0.455^*
油酸含量Oleic acid content	-0.335^**	-0.080	-0.184	-0.281^*	0.252^*	0.539^**

无性系 Clone	加权关联度 Weighted correlation degree	排序 Ranking
CL3	0.644 2	6
CL4	0.659 7	5
CL18	0.639 5	8
CL21	0.671 5	3
CL23	0.598 9	11
CL27	0.640 8	7
CL40	0.564 4	14
CL53	0.685 3	2
CL55	0.709 3	1
CL166	0.516 6	18
GL4	0.510 2	19
GL5	0.498 6	21
GL9	0.444 1	25
GL12	0.449 7	23
C31	0.546 8	16
C32	0.523 7	17
C42	0.591 2	12
C43	0.555 5	15
C53	0.615 7	10
XL3	0.459 3	22
XL4	0.663 4	4
XL5	0.502 1	20
XL6	0.635 1	9
XL9	0.590 8	13
XL27	0.446 3	24

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