叶用芥菜栽培种植对其加工菜干中重金属含量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250073

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 364-371.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250073

叶用芥菜栽培种植对其加工菜干中重金属含量的影响

郑宇捷¹(), 王晶¹, 周晨卉², 梅建平³, 赵风亮⁴, 周雅萍¹, 马莹然¹, 韦浩男¹, 徐生可⁵, 王来亮⁶, 崔海峰¹^,^*()

1.中国计量大学国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(微生物计量检测与生物制品质量安全), 浙江杭州 310018
2.缙云县食品药品安全检验检测中心, 浙江缙云 321400
3.缙云县农业农村局, 浙江缙云 321400
4.浙江菜味居农业开发有限公司, 浙江丽水 321405
5.缙云县源发蔬菜专业合作社, 浙江缙云 321400
6.丽水市农林科学研究院, 浙江丽水 323000

收稿日期:2025-01-23 出版日期:2026-02-25 发布日期:2026-03-24
作者简介:郑宇捷,主要从事生物学研究。E-mail:847161055@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*崔海峰,E-mail:hfcui@cjlu.edu.cn
基金资助:
浙江省“三农九方”农业科技协作计划(2024SNJF021);中国计量大学横向科技计划项目(H243232)

Impact of cultivation practices of leaf mustard on heavy metal content in its processed dried products

ZHENG Yujie¹(), WANG Jing¹, ZHOU Chenhui², MEI Jianping³, ZHAO Fengliang⁴, ZHOU Yaping¹, MA Yingran¹, WEI Haonan¹, XU Shengke⁵, WANG Lailiang⁶, CUI Haifeng¹^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Microbiological Metrology, Measurement & Bio-Product Quality Security, State Administration for Market Regulation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
2. Jinyun County Food and Drug Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Jinyun 321400, Zhejiang, China
3. Jinyun County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Jinyun 321400, Zhejiang, China
4. Zhejiang Caiweiju Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Lishui 321405, Zhejiang, China
5. Jinyun County Yuanfa Vegetables Farmer Cooperative, Jinyun 321400, Zhejiang, China
6. Lishui Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China

Received:2025-01-23 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-03-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叶用芥菜是菜干加工的重要原材料,但其对重金属具有较强的吸附能力。为此,本文比较分析了叶用芥菜栽培环境、栽培季节、不同部位对其制成的菜干产品中铅、镉、砷含量的影响。结果表明:土壤中的重金属是菜干产品中重金属残留的主要影响因素,叶用芥菜种植地距离公路越近,菜干中铅、镉、砷的含量越高。叶用芥菜春菜制成的黄菜干、黑菜干的铅含量均显著(p<0.05)低于由冬菜制成的产品;春菜制成的黄菜干的镉含量同样显著低于由冬菜制成的产品。由冬菜植株外层加工获得的黄菜干与黑菜干的铅、镉、砷含量均显著高于由内层制成的产品。研究结果可为叶用芥菜的菜干产品安全生产提供技术支持。

关键词: 叶用芥菜, 重金属含量, 栽培环境, 栽培季节

Abstract:

Leaf mustard is an important raw material for dried vegetable processing, yet it exhibits a strong ability to absorb heavy metals. Therefore, this study comparatively analyzed the effects of the cultivation environment, cultivation season, and different plant parts of leaf mustard on the contents of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in the processed dried products. The results showed that heavy metals in the soil were the main factor affecting heavy metal residues in dried products, and the closer the leaf mustard planting site was to the highway, the higher the contents of Pb, Cd, and As in the dried products. The Pb contents in the yellow-dried products and black-dried products made from spring-sown leaf mustard were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those produced from winter-sown leaf mustard; the Cd content in the yellow-dried products made from spring-sown leaf mustard was also significantly lower than that of products made from winter-sown leaf mustard. The contents of Pb, Cd, and As in yellow-dried and black-dried products made from the outer part of winter-sown leaf mustard plants were significantly higher than those produced from the inner part. The research results can provide technical support for the safe production of dried vegetable products from leaf mustard.

Key words: leaf mustard, heavy metal content, cultivation environment, cultivation season

中图分类号:

郑宇捷, 王晶, 周晨卉, 梅建平, 赵风亮, 周雅萍, 马莹然, 韦浩男, 徐生可, 王来亮, 崔海峰. 叶用芥菜栽培种植对其加工菜干中重金属含量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(2): 364-371.

ZHENG Yujie, WANG Jing, ZHOU Chenhui, MEI Jianping, ZHAO Fengliang, ZHOU Yaping, MA Yingran, WEI Haonan, XU Shengke, WANG Lailiang, CUI Haifeng. Impact of cultivation practices of leaf mustard on heavy metal content in its processed dried products[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(2): 364-371.

图/表 6

图1 叶用芥菜植株及其加工产品的照片 A,中叶九头芥;B,田间春季栽培的中叶九头芥;C,中叶九头芥的黑菜干产品。

Fig.1 Photos of leaf mustard and its products A, Brassica juncea var. crispifolia; B, Spring-sown Brassica juncea var. crispifolia in the field; C, Black-dried products of Brassica juncea var. crispifolia.

表1 土壤样品的铅、镉、砷含量

Table 1 Contents of lead, cadmium and arsenic in soil

栽培地类型 Field type	铅含量 Lead content	镉含量 Cadmium content	砷含量 Arsenic content
P1	45.40±0.02 a	0.092±0.001 a	4.81±0.01 a
P2	45.30±0.01 a	0.073±0.000 b	4.26±0.02 b
P3	38.70±0.00 b	0.069±0.002 c	4.16±0.01 c
P4	33.70±0.01 c	0.055±0.002 d	4.97±0.01 a

表2 鲜菜的铅、镉含量

Table 2 Contents of lead and cadmium in fresh leaf mustard samples

栽培地类型 Field type	铅含量 Lead content	镉含量 Cadmium content
P1	0.20±0.01 a	0.009±0.001 b
P2	0.13±0.03 b	0.017±0.002 a
P3	0.06±0.01 c	0.016±0.001 a

表3 鲜菜不同部位的铅、镉含量

Table 3 Contents of lead and cadmium in different parts of leaf fresh mustard

部位 Part	铅含量 Lead content	镉含量 Cadmium content
外层Outer part	0.078±0.001 a	0.016±0.001 a
中层Middle part	0.064±0.001 a	0.014±0.001 a
内层Inner part	0.062±0.010 a	0.013±0.001 a

图2 栽培环境对叶用芥菜菜干中铅、镉、砷含量的影响柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。A、D、G对应的叶用芥菜种植地块为近公路边,B、E、H对应的叶用芥菜种植地块离公路30 m,C、F、I对应的叶用芥菜种植地块离公路50 m。YP,黄菜干;BP,黑菜干。

Fig.2 Impact of cultivation environment on lead, cadmium, and arsenic content in dried leaf mustard Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at p<0.05. The same as below. In A, D, G, the leaf mustard samples are planted in the field near the road. In B, E, H, the leaf mustard samples are planted in the field 30 m away from the road. In C, F, I, the leaf mustard samples are planted in the field 50 m away from the road. YP, Yellow-dried products; BP, Black-dried products.

图3 植株不同部位对叶用芥菜菜干铅、镉、砷含量的影响 A、B、C展示黄菜干上的结果,D、E、F展示黑菜干上的结果。SV,叶用芥菜春菜;WV,叶用芥菜冬菜。

Fig.3 Impact of plant parts on lead, cadmium, and arsenic contents in dried products of leaf mustard A, B and C show the results of yellow-dried products. D, E and F show the results of black-dried products. SV, Spring-sown leaf mustard; WV, Winter-sown leaf mustard.

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叶用芥菜栽培种植对其加工菜干中重金属含量的影响

Impact of cultivation practices of leaf mustard on heavy metal content in its processed dried products

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