南方红黄壤耕地酸化特征及其对土壤肥力与酶活性的影响——以缙云县酸化治理示范区为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250614

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 965-978.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250614

南方红黄壤耕地酸化特征及其对土壤肥力与酶活性的影响——以缙云县酸化治理示范区为例

吕勇杰¹^,²(), 孙万春¹, 马军伟¹, 朱晓芳³, 叶静¹, 俞巧钢¹, 王强¹, 陈照明¹, 陈正道⁴, 周俊⁵, 何新华⁶, 王峰¹^,^*()

¹ 浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所, 浙江杭州 310021
² 缙云县农业农村局, 浙江缙云 321400
³ 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 江苏南京 211135
⁴ 浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站, 浙江杭州 310020
⁵ 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 四川成都 610040
⁶ 山西农业大学资源与环境学院, 山西太原 030031

收稿日期:2025-09-25 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-06-02
作者简介:吕勇杰,从事土壤肥料研究。E-mail:591679023@qq.com
通讯作者: *王峰,E-mail:wangfeng@zaas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1902904);国家自然科学基金(32302678);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划(2024SNJF018);四川省科技计划(2024YFHZ0178)

Acidification characteristics of red and yellow cultivated soils in southern China and their impacts on soil fertility and enzyme activity: a case study of the soil acidification amelioration demonstration zone in Jinyun County of China

LYU Yongjie¹^,²(), SUN Wanchun¹, MA Junwei¹, ZHU Xiaofang³, YE Jing¹, YU Qiaogang¹, WANG Qiang¹, CHEN Zhaoming¹, CHEN Zhengdao⁴, ZHOU Jun⁵, HE Xinhua⁶, WANG Feng¹^,^*()

¹ Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Environmental Resources, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
² Jinyun County Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau, Jinyun 321400, Zhejiang, China
³ Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
⁴ Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Management Station, Hangzhou 310020, China
⁵ Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu 610040, China
⁶ College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China

Received:2025-09-25 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-06-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示我国南方红黄壤区酸化耕地的土壤质量综合特征及内在关联机制,为精准改良提供科学依据,本研究以国家酸化治理重点示范县——浙江省缙云县5 470 hm²酸化治理核心区耕地为对象,系统分析土壤酸化现状、肥力特征、微生物碳/氮含量及酶活性,并探究其关联性。结果显示,样本土壤酸化形势严峻,pH值平均值为5.6,变幅在4.1~8.3,酸性(4.5≤pH值≤5.5)与弱酸性(5.5<pH值≤6.5)样本合计占83%。样本土壤的有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量平均值分别为31.2 g·kg^-1、1.76 g·kg^-1、91 mg·kg^-1、156 mg·kg^-1,变幅分别在3.1~60.2 g·kg^-1、0.20~3.66 g·kg^-1、0.3~531 mg·kg^-1、20~840 mg·kg^-1。样本土壤微生物活性偏低,底物诱导呼吸速率在0.10~0.47 mg·kg^-1 h^-1,微生物生物量碳含量为180.30~357.84 mg·kg^-1,微生物生物量氮含量为4.50~26.72 mg·kg^-1。样本土壤硝酸还原酶活性的最高值(20 μg·g^-1·d^-1)是最低值的10倍,脲酶活性的峰值(305 μmol·g^-1·d^-1)与谷值差异达6.8倍。相关分析结果显示,土壤脲酶活性与pH值呈显著(p<0.05)正相关,土壤pH值与有机质含量、全氮含量呈极显著(p<0.01)负相关,与速效钾含量呈显著正相关。本研究揭示了酸化-肥力-微生物的协同演变规律,可为南方红黄壤区酸化耕地综合治理提供理论支撑。

关键词: 土壤酸化, 肥力特征, 土壤微生物, 土壤酶活性, 红黄壤, 缙云县

Abstract:

To reveal the comprehensive characteristics of soil quality and its intrinsic correlation mechanisms in acidified cultivated lands of the red and yellow soil regions in southern China, and to provide a scientific basis for the precise amelioration of acidified soils, this study took 5 470 hm² acidified cultivated land in the core zone of soil amelioration Jinyun County, Zhejiang Province (a key national demonstration county for soil acidification amelioration) as the research object. The current status of soil acidification, soil fertility characteristics, microbial carbon and nitrogen contents, and enzyme activities were systematically analyzed, and their interrelationships were explored. The results showed that soil acidification in Jinyun County was severe. The average soil pH value was 5.6, ranging from 4.1 to 8.3, and 83% of the soil samples were categorized as acidic (4.5≤pH value≤5.5) or slightly acidic (5.5<pH value≤6.5). The average contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the samples were 31.2 g·kg^-1, 1.76 g·kg^-1, 91 mg·kg^-1 and 156 mg·kg^-1, with their variation ranges being 3.1-60.2 g·kg^-1, 0.20-3.66 g·kg^-1, 0.3-531 mg·kg^-1 and 20-840 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The microbial activity of the soil samples was relatively low: the substrate-induced respiration rate ranged from 0.10 to 0.47 mg·kg^-1·h^-1, the microbial biomass carbon content varied from 180.30 to 357.84 mg·kg^-1, and the microbial biomass nitrogen content ranged from 4.50 to 26.72 mg·kg^-1. The maximum activity of nitrate reductase (20 μg·g^-1·d^-1) was 10 times of the minimum value, and the difference between the peak (305 μmol·g^-1·d^-1) and trough values of urease activity reached 6.8 times. Correlation analysis indicated that soil urease activity was positively correlated with soil pH value at the p<0.05 level. Soil pH value was negatively correlated with soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content at the p<0.01 level, and positively correlated with available potassium content at the p<0.05 level. This study uncovered the synergistic evolution pattern of soil acidification, fertility and microorganisms, which can provide theoretical support for the comprehensive management of acidified cultivated lands in the red and yellow soil regions of southern China.

Key words: soil acidification, fertility characteristics, soil microbe, soil enzyme activity, red and yellow soil, Jinyun County

中图分类号:

S156.6

吕勇杰, 孙万春, 马军伟, 朱晓芳, 叶静, 俞巧钢, 王强, 陈照明, 陈正道, 周俊, 何新华, 王峰. 南方红黄壤耕地酸化特征及其对土壤肥力与酶活性的影响——以缙云县酸化治理示范区为例[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(5): 965-978.

LYU Yongjie, SUN Wanchun, MA Junwei, ZHU Xiaofang, YE Jing, YU Qiaogang, WANG Qiang, CHEN Zhaoming, CHEN Zhengdao, ZHOU Jun, HE Xinhua, WANG Feng. Acidification characteristics of red and yellow cultivated soils in southern China and their impacts on soil fertility and enzyme activity: a case study of the soil acidification amelioration demonstration zone in Jinyun County of China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(5): 965-978.

图/表 7

表1 土壤肥力分级标准

Table 1 Soil fertility grading standards

级别Level	SOM(g·kg^-1)	STN/(g·kg^-1)	SAK(mg·kg^-1)	SAP(mg·kg^-1)
1	>40	>2.0	>200	>40
2	>30~40	>1.5~2.0	>150~200	>20~40
3	>20~30	>1.0~1.5	>100~150	>10~20
4	>10~20	>0.7~1.0	>50~100	>5~10
5	6~10	0.5~0.7	30~50	3~5
6	<6	<0.5	<30	<3

图1 缙云县样本土壤pH值分布特征

Fig.1 Distribution of soil pH value of samples in Jinyun County

图2 缙云县样本土壤主要养分和有机质含量分布特征

Fig.2 Distribution characteristics of main nutrients and organic matter contents of soil samples in Jinyun County

图3 缙云县耕地样本pH值与土壤肥力的相关性

Fig.3 Correlation between soil pH value and soil fertility of samples in Jinyun County

图4 缙云县样本土壤微生物碳、氮特征及其与土壤pH值的相关性

Fig.4 Characteristics of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents of samples in Jinyun County and their correlation with soil pH value

图5 缙云县样本土壤酶活性

Fig.5 Soil enzymes activity of samples in Jinyun County

图6 缙云县样本土壤pH值与酶活性的相关性

Fig.6 Correlation between soil pH value and enzymes activity of samples in Jinyun County

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南方红黄壤耕地酸化特征及其对土壤肥力与酶活性的影响——以缙云县酸化治理示范区为例

Acidification characteristics of red and yellow cultivated soils in southern China and their impacts on soil fertility and enzyme activity: a case study of the soil acidification amelioration demonstration zone in Jinyun County of China

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