山药不同种植模式对土壤线虫群落结构和土壤理化性质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.02.15

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 316-325.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.02.15

山药不同种植模式对土壤线虫群落结构和土壤理化性质的影响

范琳娟¹(), 刘子荣¹, 徐雪亮¹, 王奋山¹, 彭德良², 姚英娟¹^,^*()

1.江西省农业科学院农业应用微生物研究所,江西南昌330200
2.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100094

收稿日期:2020-07-17 出版日期:2021-02-25 发布日期:2021-02-25
通讯作者: 姚英娟
作者简介:*姚英娟,E-mail: yaoyingjuan@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
范琳娟(1991—),女,河南三门峡人,硕士,研究实习员,研究方向为山药线虫绿色防控。E-mail: fljx99@163.com
基金资助:
江西省重点研发计划(20203BBF63032);江西省农业科研协同创新项目(JXXTCX202108);江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JXARS-19-06)

Effects of different planting patterns on soil nematode community structure and soil properties of Chinese yam field

FAN Linjuan¹(), LIU Zirong¹, XU Xueliang¹, WANG Fenshan¹, PENG Deliang², YAO Yingjuan¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Applied Agricultural Micro-Organisms, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
2. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

Received:2020-07-17 Online:2021-02-25 Published:2021-02-25
Contact: YAO Yingjuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确山药不同种植模式(两茬间隔0、3、6、10 a,分别记为YPI-0、YPI-3、YPI-6和YPI-10)对土壤环境的影响,以土壤线虫群落和土壤理化性质为分析指标,采用线虫形态学鉴定方法和土壤常规分析方法进行研究,以期为通过改变种植模式防治植物寄生线虫提供理论依据。结果表明,不同种植模式下土壤pH值,及有机质、速效钾含量无显著差异,但YPI-6和YPI-10处理的土壤速效磷含量显著(P<0.05)低于YPI-0和YPI-3处理。苗期和成熟期,YPI-10处理土壤中食细菌线虫的相对丰度显著(P<0.05)高于YPI-0处理,而植物寄生线虫的相对丰度显著(P<0.05)低于YPI-0处理。冗余分析结果显示,垫刃线虫属(Tylenchus)、根结线虫属(Meloidogyne)、短体线虫属(Pratylenchus)的数量与土壤速效磷、速效钾含量呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,大部分食细菌线虫的数量与土壤pH值,及有机质、铵态氮含量呈显著(P<0.05)正相关。苗期和成熟期,不同种植模式下土壤线虫的Shannon多样性指数(H’)、优势度指数(λ)无显著差异;线虫通路比值(NCR)均大于0.5,表明山药不同种植模式下土壤有机质的分解均以细菌降解为主;瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)和自由生活线虫成熟度指数(MI)在YPI-6和YPI-10处理下显著(P<0.05)高于YPI-0处理,而植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(PPI)与MI之比(PPI/MI)显著(P<0.05)低于YPI-0处理。综上,增加山药种植间隔期改变了山药土壤线虫群落结构,不仅使有害的植物寄生线虫丰度大幅降低,也使土壤生态系统更加成熟,健康程度明显提高,随着间隔年限的增加,其效果更佳。

关键词: 山药, 种植模式, 土壤线虫, 土壤性质

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different planting patterns (two stubble intervals of 0, 3, 6, 10 years, recorded as YPI-0, YPI-3, YPI-6 and YPI-10, respectively) on soil environment, nematode classification methods and conventional soil analysis methods were adopted to reveal the effects of different planting patterns on soil nematode community and soil properties of Chinese yam yield at the seedling stage and maturity stage, to provide references for the control of plant parasitic nematodes by changing planting patterns of Chinese yam. The resultd showed that different planting patterns had no significant effect on soil pH value, and contents of organic matter and available potassium. But the content of available phosphorus under treatment of YPI-6 and YPI-10 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that under YPI-0 and YPI-3 treatments. Meanwhile, compared with YPI-0, the relative abundance of bacterivores under treatments of YPI-10 at the seedling stage and maturity stage increased significantly (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of plant parasites was significantly (P<0.05) decreased. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the number of Tylenchus, Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus had significantly (P<0.05) positive correlations with soil available phosphorus and available potassium, and the number of most bacterivores had significantly (P<0.05) negative correlations with soil pH, and contents of organic matter, ammonium nitrogen. The Shannon diversity index (H’) and dominance index (λ) had no significant change under different planting patterns at both seedling stage and maturity stage, and the nematode channel ratio (NCR) value was all higher than 0.5, which indicated that the decomposition of soil organic matter under different planting patterns was mainly bacterial degradation, and the Wasilewska index (WI) and maturity index (MI) under treatments of YPI-6 and YPI-10 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those under YPI-0 treatment, while the performance of plant parasite index (PPI) to MI (PPI/MI) was the opposite. In conclusion, increasing the two stubble interval of Chinese yam changed the community of soil nematodes, which not only reduced the abundance of harmful plant parasites, but also made the soil ecosystem mature and healthy, and the effect was better with the increasing interval years.

Key words: Chinese yam, planting patterns, soil nematode, soil properties

中图分类号:

范琳娟, 刘子荣, 徐雪亮, 王奋山, 彭德良, 姚英娟. 山药不同种植模式对土壤线虫群落结构和土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(2): 316-325.

FAN Linjuan, LIU Zirong, XU Xueliang, WANG Fenshan, PENG Deliang, YAO Yingjuan. Effects of different planting patterns on soil nematode community structure and soil properties of Chinese yam field[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(2): 316-325.

图/表 6

参考文献 36

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生育期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter/%	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)
苗期	YPI-0	6.55±0.07 a	6.57±0.45 a	18.72±1.14 b	35.5±3.15 a	6.56±0.53 a
Seedling stage	YPI-3	6.68±0.20 a	5.63±0.39 a	16.00±2.31 b	35.37±5.53 a	6.92±0.54 a
	YPI-6	6.56±0.05 a	6.80±0.94 a	15.63±0.71 b	40.90±0.46 a	3.99±0.25 b
	YPI-10	6.55±0.08 a	5.30±0.35 a	27.50±0.57 a	37.43±3.03 a	4.42±0.25 b
成熟期	YPI-0	5.58±0.11 a	5.20±0.01 a	4.37±0.35 a	77.40±4.27 a	5.50±0.56 a
Maturity stage	YPI-3	5.66±0.10 a	5.25±0.03 a	4.20±0.17 a	80.77±1.14 a	5.65±0.35 a
	YPI-6	5.61±0.11 a	5.13±0.15 a	4.90±0.06 a	70.20±5.20 a	0.47±0.14 b
	YPI-10	5.80±0.11 a	5.20±0.06 a	4.20±0.52 a	79.90±0.40 a	1.10±0.17 b

生育期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter/%	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)
苗期	YPI-0	6.55±0.07 a	6.57±0.45 a	18.72±1.14 b	35.5±3.15 a	6.56±0.53 a
Seedling stage	YPI-3	6.68±0.20 a	5.63±0.39 a	16.00±2.31 b	35.37±5.53 a	6.92±0.54 a
	YPI-6	6.56±0.05 a	6.80±0.94 a	15.63±0.71 b	40.90±0.46 a	3.99±0.25 b
	YPI-10	6.55±0.08 a	5.30±0.35 a	27.50±0.57 a	37.43±3.03 a	4.42±0.25 b
成熟期	YPI-0	5.58±0.11 a	5.20±0.01 a	4.37±0.35 a	77.40±4.27 a	5.50±0.56 a
Maturity stage	YPI-3	5.66±0.10 a	5.25±0.03 a	4.20±0.17 a	80.77±1.14 a	5.65±0.35 a
	YPI-6	5.61±0.11 a	5.13±0.15 a	4.90±0.06 a	70.20±5.20 a	0.47±0.14 b
	YPI-10	5.80±0.11 a	5.20±0.06 a	4.20±0.52 a	79.90±0.40 a	1.10±0.17 b

线虫营养类群 Trophic group	属 Genus	c-p	苗期Seedling stage				成熟期Maturity stage
线虫营养类群 Trophic group	属 Genus	c-p	YPI-0	YPI-3	YPI-6	YPI-10	YPI-0	YPI-3	YPI-6	YPI-10
食细菌线虫	小杆线虫属	1	15.89 a	12.88 a	14.30 a	22.43 a	27.80 a	25.23 a	26.47 a	32.27 a
Bacterivores	Rhabditis
	钩唇线虫属	1	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	1.44 a	2.11 a	0 a	0 a
	Diploscapter
	真头叶线虫属	2	13.44 ab	15.23 a	12.87 ab	10.47 b	19.49 a	13.03 a	18.95 a	14.76 a
	Eucephalobus
	丽突线虫属	2	0 a	0 a	2.24 a	0.17 a	0.72 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Acrobeles
	拟丽突线虫属	2	36.43 a	40.57 a	38.68 a	39.87 a	10.83 a	17.37 a	17.81 a	13.70 a
	Acrobeloides
	绕线线虫属	2	1.12 a	2.16 a	2.24 a	1.50 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Plectus
	威尔斯线虫属	2	0 a	0.14 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Wilsonema
	伊龙线虫属	2	1.12 a	0.57 a	1.31 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Ironus
	单宫线虫属	2	0.80 a	0.43 a	0.93 a	2.33 a	1.81 b	6.69 a	7.84 a	7.31 a
	Monhystera
	棱咽线虫属	3	1.12 b	2.59 a	2.24 a	1.83 a	5.05 c	5.99 c	8.82 b	12.79 a
	Prismatolainus
线虫营养类群 Trophic group	属 Genus	c-p	苗期Seedling stage				成熟期Maturity stage
线虫营养类群 Trophic group	属 Genus	c-p	YPI-0	YPI-3	YPI-6	YPI-10	YPI-0	YPI-3	YPI-6	YPI-10
	无咽线虫属	4	1.60 b	4.02 a	1.87 b	4.82 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Alaimus
食真菌线虫	滑刃线虫属	2	2.40 a	1.29 a	1.31 a	1.66 a	1.08 a	1.06 a	1.47 a	0.46 a
Fungivores	Aphelenchoides
	真滑刃线虫属	2	4.32 a	2.87 a	3.54 a	2.33 a	7.58 a	7.75 a	5.88 a	4.11 a
	Aphelenchus
杂食-捕食线虫	矛线线虫属	4	0.96 c	2.87 bc	7.46 a	6.15 ab	1.08 a	2.46 a	3.92 a	2.74 a
Omnivores-	Dorylaimus
predators	基齿线虫属	4	0 a	0.57 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Iotonchus
植物寄生线虫	垫刃线虫属	2	9.12 a	8.33 a	6.16 ab	4.15 b	5.05 a	3.52 a	1.96 a	4.11 a
Plant-parasites	Tylenchus
	裸矛线虫属	2	0.80 a	0.14 a	0.75 a	0 a	1.08 a	1.76 a	1.47 a	0.91 a
	Psilenchus
	针线虫属	2	0 a	0.72 a	1.12 a	0.66 a	0 a	0 a	0.49 a	0 a
	Paratylenchus
	盘旋线虫属	3	0 a	0 a	0.19 a	0.33 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Rotylenchus
	螺旋线虫属	3	0.80 a	0.72 a	0 a	0 a	0.72 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Helicotylenchus
	根结线虫属	3	5.12 a	2.73 b	2.05 bc	0.50 c	7.22 a	6.34 a	3.92 ab	1.37 b
	Meloidogyne
	环线虫属	3	0 a	0.14 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Criconema
	轮线虫属	3	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0.35 a	0 a	0 a
	Criconemoides
	短体线虫属	3	4.96 a	1.01 b	0.37 b	0.83 b	5.78 a	4.23 a	0 b	3.65 a
	Pratylenchus
	潜根线虫属	3	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	3.25 a	2.11 b	0.98 c	1.83 b
	Hirschmanniella
	剑线虫属	5	0 a	0 a	0.37 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Xiphinema

线虫营养类群 Trophic group	属 Genus	c-p	苗期Seedling stage				成熟期Maturity stage
线虫营养类群 Trophic group	属 Genus	c-p	YPI-0	YPI-3	YPI-6	YPI-10	YPI-0	YPI-3	YPI-6	YPI-10
食细菌线虫	小杆线虫属	1	15.89 a	12.88 a	14.30 a	22.43 a	27.80 a	25.23 a	26.47 a	32.27 a
Bacterivores	Rhabditis
	钩唇线虫属	1	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	1.44 a	2.11 a	0 a	0 a
	Diploscapter
	真头叶线虫属	2	13.44 ab	15.23 a	12.87 ab	10.47 b	19.49 a	13.03 a	18.95 a	14.76 a
	Eucephalobus
	丽突线虫属	2	0 a	0 a	2.24 a	0.17 a	0.72 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Acrobeles
	拟丽突线虫属	2	36.43 a	40.57 a	38.68 a	39.87 a	10.83 a	17.37 a	17.81 a	13.70 a
	Acrobeloides
	绕线线虫属	2	1.12 a	2.16 a	2.24 a	1.50 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Plectus
	威尔斯线虫属	2	0 a	0.14 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Wilsonema
	伊龙线虫属	2	1.12 a	0.57 a	1.31 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Ironus
	单宫线虫属	2	0.80 a	0.43 a	0.93 a	2.33 a	1.81 b	6.69 a	7.84 a	7.31 a
	Monhystera
	棱咽线虫属	3	1.12 b	2.59 a	2.24 a	1.83 a	5.05 c	5.99 c	8.82 b	12.79 a
	Prismatolainus
线虫营养类群 Trophic group	属 Genus	c-p	苗期Seedling stage				成熟期Maturity stage
线虫营养类群 Trophic group	属 Genus	c-p	YPI-0	YPI-3	YPI-6	YPI-10	YPI-0	YPI-3	YPI-6	YPI-10
	无咽线虫属	4	1.60 b	4.02 a	1.87 b	4.82 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Alaimus
食真菌线虫	滑刃线虫属	2	2.40 a	1.29 a	1.31 a	1.66 a	1.08 a	1.06 a	1.47 a	0.46 a
Fungivores	Aphelenchoides
	真滑刃线虫属	2	4.32 a	2.87 a	3.54 a	2.33 a	7.58 a	7.75 a	5.88 a	4.11 a
	Aphelenchus
杂食-捕食线虫	矛线线虫属	4	0.96 c	2.87 bc	7.46 a	6.15 ab	1.08 a	2.46 a	3.92 a	2.74 a
Omnivores-	Dorylaimus
predators	基齿线虫属	4	0 a	0.57 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Iotonchus
植物寄生线虫	垫刃线虫属	2	9.12 a	8.33 a	6.16 ab	4.15 b	5.05 a	3.52 a	1.96 a	4.11 a
Plant-parasites	Tylenchus
	裸矛线虫属	2	0.80 a	0.14 a	0.75 a	0 a	1.08 a	1.76 a	1.47 a	0.91 a
	Psilenchus
	针线虫属	2	0 a	0.72 a	1.12 a	0.66 a	0 a	0 a	0.49 a	0 a
	Paratylenchus
	盘旋线虫属	3	0 a	0 a	0.19 a	0.33 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Rotylenchus
	螺旋线虫属	3	0.80 a	0.72 a	0 a	0 a	0.72 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Helicotylenchus
	根结线虫属	3	5.12 a	2.73 b	2.05 bc	0.50 c	7.22 a	6.34 a	3.92 ab	1.37 b
	Meloidogyne
	环线虫属	3	0 a	0.14 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Criconema
	轮线虫属	3	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0.35 a	0 a	0 a
	Criconemoides
	短体线虫属	3	4.96 a	1.01 b	0.37 b	0.83 b	5.78 a	4.23 a	0 b	3.65 a
	Pratylenchus
	潜根线虫属	3	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	3.25 a	2.11 b	0.98 c	1.83 b
	Hirschmanniella
	剑线虫属	5	0 a	0 a	0.37 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a	0 a
	Xiphinema

生育期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	总个体数 Total individual number
苗期	YPI-0	625
Seedling stage	YPI-3	696
	YPI-6	536
	YPI-10	602
成熟期	YPI-0	277
Maturity stage	YPI-3	284
	YPI-6	204
	YPI-10	219

山药不同种植模式对土壤线虫群落结构和土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of different planting patterns on soil nematode community structure and soil properties of Chinese yam field

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生育期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	H'	λ	NCR	WI	PPI	MI	PPI/MI
苗期 Seedling stage	YPI-0	1.855 ±0.078 a	0.258 ±0.023 a	0.917 ±0.021 a	3.773 ±0.314 d	2.523 ±0.053 a	2.005 ±0.017 b	1.259 ±0.037 a
	YPI-3	1.728 ±0.136 a	0.300 ±0.035 a	0.950 ±0.026 a	6.004 ±0.178 c	2.330 ±0.062 ab	2.165 ±0.057 a	1.078 ±0.043 b
	YPI-6	1.821 ±0.187 a	0.286 ±0.057 a	0.943 ±0.029 a	7.460 ±0.331 b	2.326 ±0.090 ab	2.187 ±0.021 a	1.064 ±0.049 b
	YPI-10	1.767 ±0.074 a	0.295 ±0.028 a	0.954 ±0.008 a	10.662 ±0.526 a	2.261 ±0.047 b	2.121 ±0.012 a	1.066 ±0.022 b
成熟期 Maturity stage	YPI-0	2.114 ±0.075 a	0.158 ±0.014 a	0.889 ±0.021 b	3.355 ±0.530 b	2.733 ±0.009 a	1.722 ±0.045 b	1.590 ±0.040 a
	YPI-3	2.068 ±0.092 a	0.179 ±0.021 a	0.888 ±0.005 b	4.506 ±0.514 b	2.714 ±0.055 a	1.662 ±0.072 b	1.640 ±0.091 a
	YPI-6	1.878 ±0.055 a	0.217 ±0.028 a	0.880 ±0.008 b	7.097 ±0.623 a	2.565 ±0.071 a	2.238 ±0.089 a	1.152 ±0.075 b
	YPI-10	1.965 ±0.038 a	0.179 ±0.014 a	0.948 ±0.008 a	6.774 ±0.860 a	2.626 ±0.197 a	2.057 ±0.021 a	1.298 ±0.091 b

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