6种杀线剂对重茬山药土壤微生物数量、酶活性和养分含量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.03.16

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 506-515.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.03.16

6种杀线剂对重茬山药土壤微生物数量、酶活性和养分含量的影响

范琳娟¹, 刘子荣¹, 徐雪亮¹, 王奋山¹, 彭德良², 姚英娟¹^,^*()

1. 江西省农业科学院农业应用微生物研究所,江西南昌330200
2.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100094

收稿日期:2020-08-25 出版日期:2021-04-02 发布日期:2021-03-25
通讯作者: 姚英娟
作者简介:*, 姚英娟, E-mail: yaoyingjuan@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
范琳娟(1991—),女,河南三门峡人,硕士,研究实习员,研究方向为山药线虫绿色防控。E-mail: fljx99@163.com
基金资助:
江西省农业科研协同创新项目(JXXTCX202108);江西省重点研发计划(20203BBF63032);江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JXARS-19-06)

Effects of six kinds of nematicides on soil microbial population, enzymes activities and nutrients in replanted Chinese yam field

FAN Linjuan¹, LIU Zirong¹, XU Xueliang¹, WANG Fenshan¹, PENG Deliang², YAO Yingjuan¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Applied Agricultural Micro-Organisms, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
2. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

Received:2020-08-25 Online:2021-04-02 Published:2021-03-25
Contact: YAO Yingjuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确常用杀线剂对土壤环境的影响,采用土壤常规分析方法,研究2种化学杀线剂(阿维·噻唑膦和氟吡菌酰胺)和4种生物杀线剂(厚孢轮枝菌、淡紫拟青霉、辣根素和茶枯抑线生物菌肥)对土壤微生物数量、酶活性和土壤养分的影响。结果表明,与不施用杀线剂的对照相比,2种化学杀线剂对苗期土壤细菌和真菌数量均表现出显著(P<0.05)的促进作用,而至成熟期后土壤细菌和真菌数量均降至对照水平及以下。4种生物杀线剂中,茶枯抑线生物菌肥对苗期土壤细菌/真菌表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用,对真菌数量表现出显著(P<0.05)的促进作用,在成熟期对土壤细菌数量和细菌/真菌表现出显著(P<0.05)的促进作用,而对真菌数量无显著影响。6种杀线剂施用后对土壤脲酶活性均无显著影响。2种化学杀线剂和生物杀线剂厚孢轮枝菌、淡紫拟青霉和辣根素对土壤酸性磷酸酶活性在苗期和成熟期分别表现出显著(P<0.05)的增强作用和抑制作用,茶枯抑线生物菌肥仅对成熟期的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用。茶枯抑线生物菌肥对苗期和成熟期的土壤蔗糖酶活性分别表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用和促进作用,其他杀线剂则始终表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用。6种杀线剂显著(P<0.05)影响土壤铵态氮、速效钾和速效磷含量。施用杀线剂后,土壤铵态氮和速效钾含量在苗期时与对照相比无显著变化,至成熟期后,除茶枯抑线生物菌肥处理的土壤铵态氮含量外,其他处理的土壤铵态氮和速效钾含量均显著(P<0.05)高于对照。苗期时,施用杀线剂各处理的土壤速效磷含量均显著(P<0.05)低于对照;但成熟期时,各处理的土壤速效磷含量无显著差异。综上,这6种杀线剂对土壤微生物、土壤脲酶和土壤养分的影响随着时间的延长可逐渐恢复,但对土壤酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性的作用效果持续时间较长,可在一定程度上干扰土壤中的有机磷矿化和碳循环。

关键词: 山药, 杀线剂, 酶活性, 土壤养分

Abstract:

To clarify the effect of nematicides on soil environment, the effects of two kinds of chemical nematicides (avifosthiazate granules and fluopyram) and four kinds of biological nematicides (Verticillium chlamydosporium, Paecilomyces lilacinus, horseradish and tea curd) on soil microbe quantity, enzymes activities and soil nutrients in the replanted Chinese yam field at seedling stage and maturity stage were studied by conventional analysis methods. The results indicated that, compared with the control without nematicides, two kinds of chemical nematicides significantly (P<0.05) increased the number of soil bacteria and fungi at seedling stage, but the number of soil bacteria and fungi all decreased to the same level as control or lower at maturity stage. Among the four kinds of biological nematicides, tea curd significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the ratio of bacteria to fungi (bacteria/fungi), yet significantly (P<0.05) increased the number of fungi at seedling stage, and significantly (P<0.05) increased the number of soil bacteria and bacteria/fungi at maturity stage. All the treatments had no significant effect on soil urease activity. Two kinds of chemical nematicides and V. chlamydosporium, P. lilacinus, horseradish had significant (P<0.05) promoting and inhibiting effects on soil acid phosphatase activity at seedling stage and maturity stage, respectively; while the activity of acid phosphatase was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by tea curd at maturity stage. The activity of soil sucrase at seedling stage and maturity stage was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited and promoted by the tea curd, respectively, while all the other nematicides showed significant (P<0.05) inhibition effect all the time. The contents of soil ammonium nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus were significantly (P<0.05) affected by nematicides. The contents of soil ammonium nitrogen and available potassium had no significant change compared with that of control at seedling stage after application of nematicides. At maturity stage, the contents of ammonium nitrogen and available potassium in other treatments were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the control except for the content of ammonium nitrogen with application of tea curd. At seedling stage, the content of soil available phosphorus with application of nematicides was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of control, but at maturity stage, there was no significant difference in the content of soil available phosphorus. In conclusion, the effects of these nematicides on soil microbial population, soil urease activity and soil nutrients could be gradually recovered with the prolonged time, and showed no potential harm to soil fertility and crop growth, while the effects on soil acid phosphatase activity and sucrase activity might interfere with soil organic phosphorus mineralization and carbon cycle to some extent.

Key words: Chinese yam, nematicides, enzyme activity, soil nutrients

中图分类号:

S154

范琳娟, 刘子荣, 徐雪亮, 王奋山, 彭德良, 姚英娟. 6种杀线剂对重茬山药土壤微生物数量、酶活性和养分含量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(3): 506-515.

FAN Linjuan, LIU Zirong, XU Xueliang, WANG Fenshan, PENG Deliang, YAO Yingjuan. Effects of six kinds of nematicides on soil microbial population, enzymes activities and nutrients in replanted Chinese yam field[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(3): 506-515.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	第一次用药The first time		第二次用药The second time
处理 Treatment	药剂Reagent	用量Dose	药剂Reagent	用量Dose
CK	—	—	—	—
T1	AG	3 g·m^-2	AM	2.25 mL·m^-2
T2	Fl	0.15 mL·m^-2	—	—
T3	Vc	7.5 g·m^-2	—	—
T4	Pl	0.75 g·m^-2	Pl	0.75 g·m^-2
T5	Ho	6 mL·m^-2	—	—
T6	tc	0.15 g·m^-2	—	—

处理 Treatment	第一次用药The first time		第二次用药The second time
处理 Treatment	药剂Reagent	用量Dose	药剂Reagent	用量Dose
CK	—	—	—	—
T1	AG	3 g·m^-2	AM	2.25 mL·m^-2
T2	Fl	0.15 mL·m^-2	—	—
T3	Vc	7.5 g·m^-2	—	—
T4	Pl	0.75 g·m^-2	Pl	0.75 g·m^-2
T5	Ho	6 mL·m^-2	—	—
T6	tc	0.15 g·m^-2	—	—

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter/%	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	4.25±0.05 a	1.47±0.32 a	18.00±1.12 ab	40.90±4.45 a	1.64±0.14 a
T1	4.43±0.12 a	1.67±0.32 a	27.73±0.67 a	37.37±3.49 a	0.51±0.01 c
T2	4.45±0.08 a	1.33±0.17 a	11.07±0.54 b	35.43±5.60 a	0.55±0.02 bc
T3	4.43±0.05 a	1.37±0.17 a	24.50±2.60 a	41.23±1.17 a	0.30±0.04 d
T4	4.34±0.07 a	2.07±0.35 a	17.27±2.48 ab	41.53±1.28 a	0.61±0.05 bc
T5	4.62±0.29 a	1.77±0.38 a	22.17±1.24 a	41.37±0.80 a	0.64±0.03 bc
T6	4.72±0.21 a	1.30±0.15 a	24.37±7.16 a	35.27±2.42 a	0.73±0.07 b

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter/%	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	4.25±0.05 a	1.47±0.32 a	18.00±1.12 ab	40.90±4.45 a	1.64±0.14 a
T1	4.43±0.12 a	1.67±0.32 a	27.73±0.67 a	37.37±3.49 a	0.51±0.01 c
T2	4.45±0.08 a	1.33±0.17 a	11.07±0.54 b	35.43±5.60 a	0.55±0.02 bc
T3	4.43±0.05 a	1.37±0.17 a	24.50±2.60 a	41.23±1.17 a	0.30±0.04 d
T4	4.34±0.07 a	2.07±0.35 a	17.27±2.48 ab	41.53±1.28 a	0.61±0.05 bc
T5	4.62±0.29 a	1.77±0.38 a	22.17±1.24 a	41.37±0.80 a	0.64±0.03 bc
T6	4.72±0.21 a	1.30±0.15 a	24.37±7.16 a	35.27±2.42 a	0.73±0.07 b

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter/%	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	4.77±0.17 ab	0.10±0.01 a	5.67±0.48 e	41.45±2.51 e	ND
T1	5.27±0.02 a	0.13±0.08 a	42.37±1.59 b	74.50±1.33 c	1.00±1.00 a
T2	4.66±0.18 b	0.30±0.06 a	35.57±1.21 c	55.73±4.91 d	0.83±0.33 a
T3	4.71±0.09 b	0.20±0.10 a	15.17±1.13 d	74.03±6.11 c	0.47±0.47 a
T4	4.98±0.21 ab	0.17±0.12 a	14.00±1.79 d	89.55±1.36 b	0.33±0.17 a
T5	4.44±0.25 b	0.13±0.07 a	72.83±4.37 a	108.00±4.62 a	1.73±0.72 a
T6	4.68±0.15 b	0.18±0.02 a	11.33±0.67 de	99.33±0.67 ab	ND

6种杀线剂对重茬山药土壤微生物数量、酶活性和养分含量的影响

Effects of six kinds of nematicides on soil microbial population, enzymes activities and nutrients in replanted Chinese yam field

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