浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 506-515.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.03.16
范琳娟1, 刘子荣1, 徐雪亮1, 王奋山1, 彭德良2, 姚英娟1,*(
)
收稿日期:2020-08-25
出版日期:2021-03-25
发布日期:2021-03-25
作者简介:, 姚英娟, E-mail: yaoyingjuan@webmail.hzau.edu.cn通讯作者:
姚英娟
基金资助:
FAN Linjuan1, LIU Zirong1, XU Xueliang1, WANG Fenshan1, PENG Deliang2, YAO Yingjuan1,*(
)
Received:2020-08-25
Online:2021-03-25
Published:2021-03-25
Contact:
YAO Yingjuan
摘要:
为明确常用杀线剂对土壤环境的影响,采用土壤常规分析方法,研究2种化学杀线剂(阿维·噻唑膦和氟吡菌酰胺)和4种生物杀线剂(厚孢轮枝菌、淡紫拟青霉、辣根素和茶枯抑线生物菌肥)对土壤微生物数量、酶活性和土壤养分的影响。结果表明,与不施用杀线剂的对照相比,2种化学杀线剂对苗期土壤细菌和真菌数量均表现出显著(P<0.05)的促进作用,而至成熟期后土壤细菌和真菌数量均降至对照水平及以下。4种生物杀线剂中,茶枯抑线生物菌肥对苗期土壤细菌/真菌表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用,对真菌数量表现出显著(P<0.05)的促进作用,在成熟期对土壤细菌数量和细菌/真菌表现出显著(P<0.05)的促进作用,而对真菌数量无显著影响。6种杀线剂施用后对土壤脲酶活性均无显著影响。2种化学杀线剂和生物杀线剂厚孢轮枝菌、淡紫拟青霉和辣根素对土壤酸性磷酸酶活性在苗期和成熟期分别表现出显著(P<0.05)的增强作用和抑制作用,茶枯抑线生物菌肥仅对成熟期的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用。茶枯抑线生物菌肥对苗期和成熟期的土壤蔗糖酶活性分别表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用和促进作用,其他杀线剂则始终表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用。6种杀线剂显著(P<0.05)影响土壤铵态氮、速效钾和速效磷含量。施用杀线剂后,土壤铵态氮和速效钾含量在苗期时与对照相比无显著变化,至成熟期后,除茶枯抑线生物菌肥处理的土壤铵态氮含量外,其他处理的土壤铵态氮和速效钾含量均显著(P<0.05)高于对照。苗期时,施用杀线剂各处理的土壤速效磷含量均显著(P<0.05)低于对照;但成熟期时,各处理的土壤速效磷含量无显著差异。综上,这6种杀线剂对土壤微生物、土壤脲酶和土壤养分的影响随着时间的延长可逐渐恢复,但对土壤酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性的作用效果持续时间较长,可在一定程度上干扰土壤中的有机磷矿化和碳循环。
中图分类号:
范琳娟, 刘子荣, 徐雪亮, 王奋山, 彭德良, 姚英娟. 6种杀线剂对重茬山药土壤微生物数量、酶活性和养分含量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(3): 506-515.
FAN Linjuan, LIU Zirong, XU Xueliang, WANG Fenshan, PENG Deliang, YAO Yingjuan. Effects of six kinds of nematicides on soil microbial population, enzymes activities and nutrients in replanted Chinese yam field[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(3): 506-515.
| 处理 Treatment | 第一次用药The first time | 第二次用药The second time | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 药剂Reagent | 用量Dose | 药剂Reagent | 用量Dose | |
| CK | — | — | — | — |
| T1 | AG | 3 g·m-2 | AM | 2.25 mL·m-2 |
| T2 | Fl | 0.15 mL·m-2 | — | — |
| T3 | Vc | 7.5 g·m-2 | — | — |
| T4 | Pl | 0.75 g·m-2 | Pl | 0.75 g·m-2 |
| T5 | Ho | 6 mL·m-2 | — | — |
| T6 | tc | 0.15 g·m-2 | — | — |
表1 各处理的供试药剂与施药量
Table 1 Reagent and dose of different treatments
| 处理 Treatment | 第一次用药The first time | 第二次用药The second time | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 药剂Reagent | 用量Dose | 药剂Reagent | 用量Dose | |
| CK | — | — | — | — |
| T1 | AG | 3 g·m-2 | AM | 2.25 mL·m-2 |
| T2 | Fl | 0.15 mL·m-2 | — | — |
| T3 | Vc | 7.5 g·m-2 | — | — |
| T4 | Pl | 0.75 g·m-2 | Pl | 0.75 g·m-2 |
| T5 | Ho | 6 mL·m-2 | — | — |
| T6 | tc | 0.15 g·m-2 | — | — |
图1 不同处理对山药土壤微生物数量的影响 同一生育期柱上无相同字母的表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。
Fig.1 Effects of different treatments on quantity of soil microorganisms in replanted Chinese yam field Bars marked without the same letters at the same growth stage indicated significant difference within treatments at P<0.05. The same as below.
| 处理 Treatment | pH | 有机质 Organic matter/% | 铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 4.25±0.05 a | 1.47±0.32 a | 18.00±1.12 ab | 40.90±4.45 a | 1.64±0.14 a |
| T1 | 4.43±0.12 a | 1.67±0.32 a | 27.73±0.67 a | 37.37±3.49 a | 0.51±0.01 c |
| T2 | 4.45±0.08 a | 1.33±0.17 a | 11.07±0.54 b | 35.43±5.60 a | 0.55±0.02 bc |
| T3 | 4.43±0.05 a | 1.37±0.17 a | 24.50±2.60 a | 41.23±1.17 a | 0.30±0.04 d |
| T4 | 4.34±0.07 a | 2.07±0.35 a | 17.27±2.48 ab | 41.53±1.28 a | 0.61±0.05 bc |
| T5 | 4.62±0.29 a | 1.77±0.38 a | 22.17±1.24 a | 41.37±0.80 a | 0.64±0.03 bc |
| T6 | 4.72±0.21 a | 1.30±0.15 a | 24.37±7.16 a | 35.27±2.42 a | 0.73±0.07 b |
表2 不同处理对苗期山药土壤养分的影响
Table 2 Effects of different treatments on soil nutrients of replanted Chinese yam field at seedling stage
| 处理 Treatment | pH | 有机质 Organic matter/% | 铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 4.25±0.05 a | 1.47±0.32 a | 18.00±1.12 ab | 40.90±4.45 a | 1.64±0.14 a |
| T1 | 4.43±0.12 a | 1.67±0.32 a | 27.73±0.67 a | 37.37±3.49 a | 0.51±0.01 c |
| T2 | 4.45±0.08 a | 1.33±0.17 a | 11.07±0.54 b | 35.43±5.60 a | 0.55±0.02 bc |
| T3 | 4.43±0.05 a | 1.37±0.17 a | 24.50±2.60 a | 41.23±1.17 a | 0.30±0.04 d |
| T4 | 4.34±0.07 a | 2.07±0.35 a | 17.27±2.48 ab | 41.53±1.28 a | 0.61±0.05 bc |
| T5 | 4.62±0.29 a | 1.77±0.38 a | 22.17±1.24 a | 41.37±0.80 a | 0.64±0.03 bc |
| T6 | 4.72±0.21 a | 1.30±0.15 a | 24.37±7.16 a | 35.27±2.42 a | 0.73±0.07 b |
| 处理 Treatment | pH | 有机质 Organic matter/% | 铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 4.77±0.17 ab | 0.10±0.01 a | 5.67±0.48 e | 41.45±2.51 e | ND |
| T1 | 5.27±0.02 a | 0.13±0.08 a | 42.37±1.59 b | 74.50±1.33 c | 1.00±1.00 a |
| T2 | 4.66±0.18 b | 0.30±0.06 a | 35.57±1.21 c | 55.73±4.91 d | 0.83±0.33 a |
| T3 | 4.71±0.09 b | 0.20±0.10 a | 15.17±1.13 d | 74.03±6.11 c | 0.47±0.47 a |
| T4 | 4.98±0.21 ab | 0.17±0.12 a | 14.00±1.79 d | 89.55±1.36 b | 0.33±0.17 a |
| T5 | 4.44±0.25 b | 0.13±0.07 a | 72.83±4.37 a | 108.00±4.62 a | 1.73±0.72 a |
| T6 | 4.68±0.15 b | 0.18±0.02 a | 11.33±0.67 de | 99.33±0.67 ab | ND |
表3 不同处理对成熟期山药土壤养分的影响
Table 3 Effects of different treatments on soil nutrients of replanted Chinese yam field at maturity stage
| 处理 Treatment | pH | 有机质 Organic matter/% | 铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 4.77±0.17 ab | 0.10±0.01 a | 5.67±0.48 e | 41.45±2.51 e | ND |
| T1 | 5.27±0.02 a | 0.13±0.08 a | 42.37±1.59 b | 74.50±1.33 c | 1.00±1.00 a |
| T2 | 4.66±0.18 b | 0.30±0.06 a | 35.57±1.21 c | 55.73±4.91 d | 0.83±0.33 a |
| T3 | 4.71±0.09 b | 0.20±0.10 a | 15.17±1.13 d | 74.03±6.11 c | 0.47±0.47 a |
| T4 | 4.98±0.21 ab | 0.17±0.12 a | 14.00±1.79 d | 89.55±1.36 b | 0.33±0.17 a |
| T5 | 4.44±0.25 b | 0.13±0.07 a | 72.83±4.37 a | 108.00±4.62 a | 1.73±0.72 a |
| T6 | 4.68±0.15 b | 0.18±0.02 a | 11.33±0.67 de | 99.33±0.67 ab | ND |
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