饲粮中小麦颗粒用量对藏羊公羔瘤胃内环境的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221394

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 2543-2554.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221394

饲粮中小麦颗粒用量对藏羊公羔瘤胃内环境的影响

周力(), 桂林生^*()

青海大学农牧学院, 青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2022-09-26 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-12-04
作者简介:周力(1994—),男,安徽定远人,博士研究生,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究。E-mail: 472737885@qq.com
通讯作者: * 桂林生,E-mail: guilinsheng1234@163.com
基金资助:
青海省科技厅项目(2022-NK-169)

Effect of wheat particle dosage in diet on rumen internal environment of male Tibetan lambs

ZHOU Li(), GUI Linsheng^*()

College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received:2022-09-26 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-12-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为分析添加有不同比例小麦颗粒的饲粮对藏羊瘤胃发酵特性、消化酶活性、免疫机能、抗氧化能力及其菌群组成的影响,选择初始体重相近[(21.87±2.35)kg]、胎次一致、体况良好的90日龄高原型藏羊公羔,随机分为3组,分别使用0(CPW)、10%(LPW)、15%(HPW)的小麦替代精料中的部分玉米。试验结束时,各组随机选择试验羊进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,测定其发酵参数、消化酶活性、免疫功能、抗氧化能力和细菌组成。结果显示:CPW组藏羊瘤胃中的乙酸、丁酸含量显著(P<0.05)高于HPW组。CPW组藏羊瘤胃中的α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶活性显著低于LPW组。LPW组藏羊瘤胃的免疫球蛋白A和免疫球蛋白G显著高于CPW组,但肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的含量刚好相反。HPW组藏羊瘤胃液的总抗氧化能力显著高于CPW组,但过氧化氢酶活性显著低于LPW组。各组藏羊瘤胃中的细菌多样性差异不显著:在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势菌门;在属水平上,F082_未分类(F082_unclassified)、瘤胃球菌科_NK4A214_群(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group)、琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)、Shuttleworthia、普雷沃氏菌属_1(Prevotella_1)等为藏羊瘤胃中的优势菌属。功能预测发现,瘤胃细菌主要富集于氨基酸代谢、辅因子与维生素代谢、翻译等通路上。综上,在饲料中使用适宜水平的小麦替代玉米对藏羊瘤胃发酵功能与细菌群落结构的影响较小,并可明显增强其消化酶活性,提高机体免疫力,在试验条件下,推荐小麦替代玉米的比例为10%。

关键词: 高原型藏羊, 瘤胃, 微生物, 发酵参数, 消化酶活性, 免疫, 抗氧化

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different proportions of wheat particle added to the diet on the fermentation parameters, digestive enzymes activities, immune function, antioxidant capacity and microbial structure and composition, 90-d-old male Tibetan lambs with similar weight [(21.87±2.35) kg], consistent parity and good development were randomly divided into three groups. In these groups, 0 (CPW), 10% (LPW) and 15% (HPW) wheat were used to replace maize in the diet. At the end of the experiment, trial lambs in each group were slaughtered randomly, the rumen fluid were collected, and the fermentation parameters, digestive enzymes activities, immune function, antioxidant capacities and bacteria were determined. It was shown that the contents of acetic acid and butyric acid in the CPW group were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the HPW group. The activities of α-amylase, cellulase, chymotrypsin and trypsin in the CPW group were significantly lower than those in the LPW group. The immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G in the LPW group were significantly higher than those in the CPW group, but the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content was the opposite. The total antioxidant capacity of the HPW group was significantly higher than that of the CPW group, while the catalase activity of the HPW group was significantly lower than that of the LPW group. There was no significant difference in the rumen bacterial diversity among three groups. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla. At the genus level, F082_unclassified, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_ group, Succiniclasticum, Shuttleworthia, Prevotella_1 were dominant. Function prediction showed that rumen bacteria were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and translation, etc. In conclusion, addition of the appropriate level of wheat instead of maize in the diet had no significant effect on rumen fermentation function and bacterial community structure of Tibetan lamp, and could enhance digestive enzymes activities, antioxidant capacities and improve body immunity. The recommended ratio of wheat instead of maize was 10% in the experiment conditions.

Key words: plateau-type Tibetan lamp, rumen, microorganisms, fermentation parameters, digestive enzymes activities, immune, antioxidant

中图分类号:

S816.41

周力, 桂林生. 饲粮中小麦颗粒用量对藏羊公羔瘤胃内环境的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(11): 2543-2554.

ZHOU Li, GUI Linsheng. Effect of wheat particle dosage in diet on rumen internal environment of male Tibetan lambs[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(11): 2543-2554.

图/表 12

参考文献 45

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原料 Ingredient	CPW		LPW		HPW
原料 Ingredient	0—30 d	31—90 d	0—30 d	31—90 d	0—30 d	31—90 d
燕麦干草Oat hay	20.00	15.00	20.00	15.00	20.00	15.00
燕麦青贮Oat silage	20.00	15.00	20.00	15.00	20.00	15.00
玉米Maize	39.30	45.85	34.32	40.04	31.80	37.10
豆粕Soybean meal	4.80	5.60	3.00	3.50	4.50	5.25
菜籽粕Canola meal	9.60	11.20	9.30	10.85	8.70	10.15
棉籽粕Cottonseed meal	2.40	2.80	3.48	4.06	2.10	2.45
小麦Wheat	0	0	6.00	7.00	9.00	10.50
氯化钠NaCl	0.30	0.35	0.30	0.35	0.30	0.35
石粉Limestone	0.60	0.70	0.60	0.70	0.60	0.70
预混料Premix	3.00	3.50	3.00	3.50	3.00	3.50
合计Total	100	100	100	100	100	100

原料 Ingredient	CPW		LPW		HPW
原料 Ingredient	0—30 d	31—90 d	0—30 d	31—90 d	0—30 d	31—90 d
燕麦干草Oat hay	20.00	15.00	20.00	15.00	20.00	15.00
燕麦青贮Oat silage	20.00	15.00	20.00	15.00	20.00	15.00
玉米Maize	39.30	45.85	34.32	40.04	31.80	37.10
豆粕Soybean meal	4.80	5.60	3.00	3.50	4.50	5.25
菜籽粕Canola meal	9.60	11.20	9.30	10.85	8.70	10.15
棉籽粕Cottonseed meal	2.40	2.80	3.48	4.06	2.10	2.45
小麦Wheat	0	0	6.00	7.00	9.00	10.50
氯化钠NaCl	0.30	0.35	0.30	0.35	0.30	0.35
石粉Limestone	0.60	0.70	0.60	0.70	0.60	0.70
预混料Premix	3.00	3.50	3.00	3.50	3.00	3.50
合计Total	100	100	100	100	100	100

指标 Index	CPW		LPW		HPW
指标 Index	0—30 d	31—90 d	0—30 d	31—90 d	0—30 d	31—90 d
消化能 Digestible energy/(MJ·kg^-1)	11.40	11.78	11.39	11.77	11.42	11.80
干物质 Dry matter	86.94	85.82	86.95	85.82	86.93	85.80
粗蛋白 Crude protein	14.81	15.26	14.74	15.16	14.78	15.21
粗脂肪 Crude fat	2.97	2.90	2.86	2.78	2.84	2.74
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber	30.30	25.54	30.58	25.87	30.52	25.79
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber	20.22	16.73	20.23	16.74	20.10	16.58
粗灰分 Ash	5.36	4.69	5.34	4.66	5.33	4.66
钙 Ca	0.69	0.77	0.68	0.76	0.67	0.75
磷P	0.37	0.41	0.36	0.40	0.35	0.39

指标 Index	CPW		LPW		HPW
指标 Index	0—30 d	31—90 d	0—30 d	31—90 d	0—30 d	31—90 d
消化能 Digestible energy/(MJ·kg^-1)	11.40	11.78	11.39	11.77	11.42	11.80
干物质 Dry matter	86.94	85.82	86.95	85.82	86.93	85.80
粗蛋白 Crude protein	14.81	15.26	14.74	15.16	14.78	15.21
粗脂肪 Crude fat	2.97	2.90	2.86	2.78	2.84	2.74
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber	30.30	25.54	30.58	25.87	30.52	25.79
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber	20.22	16.73	20.23	16.74	20.10	16.58
粗灰分 Ash	5.36	4.69	5.34	4.66	5.33	4.66
钙 Ca	0.69	0.77	0.68	0.76	0.67	0.75
磷P	0.37	0.41	0.36	0.40	0.35	0.39

指标Index	CPW	LPW	HPW
pH值pH value	6.12 a	5.97 a	5.85 a
氨态氮含量Ammonium nitrogen content/(mg·L^-1)	111.5 a	109.1 a	98.2 a
乙酸含量 Acetic acid content/(mmol·L^-1)	43.51 a	36.01 ab	28.14 b
丙酸含量Propionic acid content/(mmol·L^-1)	29.12 a	27.24 a	24.51 a
异丁酸含量 Isobutyric acid content/(mmol·L^-1)	1.01 a	0.96 a	0.93 a
丁酸含量Butyric acid content/(mmol·L^-1)	19.45 a	16.96 a	10.12 b
异戊酸含量 Isovaleric acid content/(mmol·L^-1)	0.68 a	0.64 a	0.59 a
戊酸含量 Valeric acid content/(mmol·L^-1)	0.52 a	0.59 a	0.47 a
乙酸含量/丙酸含量 Acetic acid content/propionic acid content	1.49 a	1.32 a	1.20 a

饲粮中小麦颗粒用量对藏羊公羔瘤胃内环境的影响

Effect of wheat particle dosage in diet on rumen internal environment of male Tibetan lambs

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指标Index	CPW	LPW	HPW
α-淀粉酶活性 α-Amylase activity/(U·L^-1)	177.11 b	202.82 a	191.39 ab
纤维素酶活性 Cellulase activity/(U·L^-1)	67.17 b	82.44 a	66.90 b
糜蛋白酶活性Chymotrypsin activity/(IU·L^-1)	111.74 b	139.72 a	119.61 ab
脂肪酶活性 Lipase activity/(U·L^-1)	187.38 a	202.74 a	198.68 a
胰蛋白酶活性 Trypsin activity/(U·L^-1)	103.49 b	115.68 a	110.56 ab

指标Index	CPW	LPW	HPW
IgA/(μg·mL^-1)	82.64 b	108.79 a	82.86 b
IgG/(mg·mL^-1)	18.62 b	29.86 a	20.58 b
IgM/(μg·mL^-1)	562.97 a	747.68 a	633.53 a
IL-1β/(pg·mL^-1)	43.05 a	47.98 a	46.17 a
TNF-α/(pg·mL^-1)	114.63 a	85.76 b	98.52 ab

指标Index	CPW	LPW	HPW
总抗氧化能力Total antioxidant capacity/(ng·mL^-1)	10.14 b	11.20 ab	12.05 a
超氧化物歧化酶活性Superoxide dismutase activity/(U·mL^-1)	131.99 a	146.79 a	136.55 a
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性Glutathione peroxidase activity/(U·mL^-1)	229.12 a	232.49 a	229.87 a
过氧化氢酶活性Catalase activity/(U·mL^-1)	35.87 ab	41.42 a	32.66 b
丙二醛含量Malondialdehyde content/(nmol·mL^-1)	4.39 a	4.59 a	4.40 a

指标Index	CPW	LPW	HPW
香农指数Shannon index	6.61	5.33	5.39
辛普森指数Simpson index	0.97	0.91	0.94
Ace指数Ace index	354.80	121.00	147.80
Chao1指数Chao1 index	406.11	121.29	153.09
覆盖率Coverage/%	99	100	100

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