浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 2543-2554.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221394
饲粮中小麦颗粒用量对藏羊公羔瘤胃内环境的影响
周力(
), 桂林生*()
- 青海大学 农牧学院, 青海 西宁 810016
-
收稿日期:2022-09-26出版日期:2023-11-25发布日期:2023-12-04 -
作者简介:周力(1994—),男,安徽定远人,博士研究生,主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究。E-mail: 472737885@qq.com -
通讯作者:* 桂林生,E-mail: guilinsheng1234@163.com -
基金资助:青海省科技厅项目(2022-NK-169)
Effect of wheat particle dosage in diet on rumen internal environment of male Tibetan lambs
ZHOU Li(), GUI Linsheng*()
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
-
Received:2022-09-26Online:2023-11-25Published:2023-12-04
摘要：
为分析添加有不同比例小麦颗粒的饲粮对藏羊瘤胃发酵特性、消化酶活性、免疫机能、抗氧化能力及其菌群组成的影响,选择初始体重相近[(21.87±2.35)kg]、胎次一致、体况良好的90日龄高原型藏羊公羔,随机分为3组,分别使用0(CPW)、10%(LPW)、15%(HPW)的小麦替代精料中的部分玉米。试验结束时,各组随机选择试验羊进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,测定其发酵参数、消化酶活性、免疫功能、抗氧化能力和细菌组成。结果显示:CPW组藏羊瘤胃中的乙酸、丁酸含量显著(P<0.05)高于HPW组。CPW组藏羊瘤胃中的α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶活性显著低于LPW组。LPW组藏羊瘤胃的免疫球蛋白A和免疫球蛋白G显著高于CPW组,但肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的含量刚好相反。HPW组藏羊瘤胃液的总抗氧化能力显著高于CPW组,但过氧化氢酶活性显著低于LPW组。各组藏羊瘤胃中的细菌多样性差异不显著:在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势菌门;在属水平上,F082_未分类(F082_unclassified)、瘤胃球菌科_NK4A214_群(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group)、琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)、Shuttleworthia、普雷沃氏菌属_1(Prevotella_1)等为藏羊瘤胃中的优势菌属。功能预测发现,瘤胃细菌主要富集于氨基酸代谢、辅因子与维生素代谢、翻译等通路上。综上,在饲料中使用适宜水平的小麦替代玉米对藏羊瘤胃发酵功能与细菌群落结构的影响较小,并可明显增强其消化酶活性,提高机体免疫力,在试验条件下,推荐小麦替代玉米的比例为10%。
中图分类号:
引用本文
周力, 桂林生. 饲粮中小麦颗粒用量对藏羊公羔瘤胃内环境的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(11): 2543-2554.
ZHOU Li, GUI Linsheng. Effect of wheat particle dosage in diet on rumen internal environment of male Tibetan lambs[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(11): 2543-2554.
使用本文
表1 基础饲粮的组成(以干重计)
Table 1 Composition of basic diet (based on dry matter) %
| 原料 Ingredient | CPW | LPW | HPW | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0—30 d | 31—90 d | 0—30 d | 31—90 d | 0—30 d | 31—90 d | |
| 燕麦干草Oat hay | 20.00 | 15.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 |
| 燕麦青贮Oat silage | 20.00 | 15.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 |
| 玉米Maize | 39.30 | 45.85 | 34.32 | 40.04 | 31.80 | 37.10 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 4.80 | 5.60 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 4.50 | 5.25 |
| 菜籽粕Canola meal | 9.60 | 11.20 | 9.30 | 10.85 | 8.70 | 10.15 |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 2.40 | 2.80 | 3.48 | 4.06 | 2.10 | 2.45 |
| 小麦Wheat | 0 | 0 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 9.00 | 10.50 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.35 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.60 | 0.70 |
| 预混料Premix | 3.00 | 3.50 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 3.00 | 3.50 |
| 合计Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
表1 基础饲粮的组成(以干重计)
Table 1 Composition of basic diet (based on dry matter) %
| 原料 Ingredient | CPW | LPW | HPW | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0—30 d | 31—90 d | 0—30 d | 31—90 d | 0—30 d | 31—90 d | |
| 燕麦干草Oat hay | 20.00 | 15.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 |
| 燕麦青贮Oat silage | 20.00 | 15.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 |
| 玉米Maize | 39.30 | 45.85 | 34.32 | 40.04 | 31.80 | 37.10 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 4.80 | 5.60 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 4.50 | 5.25 |
| 菜籽粕Canola meal | 9.60 | 11.20 | 9.30 | 10.85 | 8.70 | 10.15 |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 2.40 | 2.80 | 3.48 | 4.06 | 2.10 | 2.45 |
| 小麦Wheat | 0 | 0 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 9.00 | 10.50 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.35 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.60 | 0.70 |
| 预混料Premix | 3.00 | 3.50 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 3.00 | 3.50 |
| 合计Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
表2 基础饲粮的营养水平(以干重计)
Table 2 Composition and nutritional level of basic diet (based on dry matter) %
| 指标 Index | CPW | LPW | HPW | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0—30 d | 31—90 d | 0—30 d | 31—90 d | 0—30 d | 31—90 d | |
| 消化能 Digestible energy/(MJ·kg-1) | 11.40 | 11.78 | 11.39 | 11.77 | 11.42 | 11.80 |
| 干物质 Dry matter | 86.94 | 85.82 | 86.95 | 85.82 | 86.93 | 85.80 |
| 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 14.81 | 15.26 | 14.74 | 15.16 | 14.78 | 15.21 |
| 粗脂肪 Crude fat | 2.97 | 2.90 | 2.86 | 2.78 | 2.84 | 2.74 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 30.30 | 25.54 | 30.58 | 25.87 | 30.52 | 25.79 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 20.22 | 16.73 | 20.23 | 16.74 | 20.10 | 16.58 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 5.36 | 4.69 | 5.34 | 4.66 | 5.33 | 4.66 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.69 | 0.77 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.67 | 0.75 |
| 磷P | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.39 |
表2 基础饲粮的营养水平(以干重计)
Table 2 Composition and nutritional level of basic diet (based on dry matter) %
| 指标 Index | CPW | LPW | HPW | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0—30 d | 31—90 d | 0—30 d | 31—90 d | 0—30 d | 31—90 d | |
| 消化能 Digestible energy/(MJ·kg-1) | 11.40 | 11.78 | 11.39 | 11.77 | 11.42 | 11.80 |
| 干物质 Dry matter | 86.94 | 85.82 | 86.95 | 85.82 | 86.93 | 85.80 |
| 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 14.81 | 15.26 | 14.74 | 15.16 | 14.78 | 15.21 |
| 粗脂肪 Crude fat | 2.97 | 2.90 | 2.86 | 2.78 | 2.84 | 2.74 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 30.30 | 25.54 | 30.58 | 25.87 | 30.52 | 25.79 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 20.22 | 16.73 | 20.23 | 16.74 | 20.10 | 16.58 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 5.36 | 4.69 | 5.34 | 4.66 | 5.33 | 4.66 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.69 | 0.77 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.67 | 0.75 |
| 磷P | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.39 |
表3 各组藏羊瘤胃液的发酵特性
Table 3 Fermentation characteristics of rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
| 指标Index | CPW | LPW | HPW |
|---|---|---|---|
| pH值pH value | 6.12 a | 5.97 a | 5.85 a |
| 氨态氮含量Ammonium nitrogen content/(mg·L-1) | 111.5 a | 109.1 a | 98.2 a |
| 乙酸含量 Acetic acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 43.51 a | 36.01 ab | 28.14 b |
| 丙酸含量Propionic acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 29.12 a | 27.24 a | 24.51 a |
| 异丁酸含量 Isobutyric acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 1.01 a | 0.96 a | 0.93 a |
| 丁酸含量Butyric acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 19.45 a | 16.96 a | 10.12 b |
| 异戊酸含量 Isovaleric acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 0.68 a | 0.64 a | 0.59 a |
| 戊酸含量 Valeric acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 0.52 a | 0.59 a | 0.47 a |
| 乙酸含量/丙酸含量 Acetic acid content/propionic acid content | 1.49 a | 1.32 a | 1.20 a |
表3 各组藏羊瘤胃液的发酵特性
Table 3 Fermentation characteristics of rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
| 指标Index | CPW | LPW | HPW |
|---|---|---|---|
| pH值pH value | 6.12 a | 5.97 a | 5.85 a |
| 氨态氮含量Ammonium nitrogen content/(mg·L-1) | 111.5 a | 109.1 a | 98.2 a |
| 乙酸含量 Acetic acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 43.51 a | 36.01 ab | 28.14 b |
| 丙酸含量Propionic acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 29.12 a | 27.24 a | 24.51 a |
| 异丁酸含量 Isobutyric acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 1.01 a | 0.96 a | 0.93 a |
| 丁酸含量Butyric acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 19.45 a | 16.96 a | 10.12 b |
| 异戊酸含量 Isovaleric acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 0.68 a | 0.64 a | 0.59 a |
| 戊酸含量 Valeric acid content/(mmol·L-1) | 0.52 a | 0.59 a | 0.47 a |
| 乙酸含量/丙酸含量 Acetic acid content/propionic acid content | 1.49 a | 1.32 a | 1.20 a |
表4 各组藏羊瘤胃液的消化酶活性
Table 4 Digestive enzymes activites in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
| 指标Index | CPW | LPW | HPW |
|---|---|---|---|
| α-淀粉酶活性 α-Amylase activity/(U·L-1) | 177.11 b | 202.82 a | 191.39 ab |
| 纤维素酶活性 Cellulase activity/(U·L-1) | 67.17 b | 82.44 a | 66.90 b |
| 糜蛋白酶活性Chymotrypsin activity/(IU·L-1) | 111.74 b | 139.72 a | 119.61 ab |
| 脂肪酶活性 Lipase activity/(U·L-1) | 187.38 a | 202.74 a | 198.68 a |
| 胰蛋白酶活性 Trypsin activity/(U·L-1) | 103.49 b | 115.68 a | 110.56 ab |
表4 各组藏羊瘤胃液的消化酶活性
Table 4 Digestive enzymes activites in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
| 指标Index | CPW | LPW | HPW |
|---|---|---|---|
| α-淀粉酶活性 α-Amylase activity/(U·L-1) | 177.11 b | 202.82 a | 191.39 ab |
| 纤维素酶活性 Cellulase activity/(U·L-1) | 67.17 b | 82.44 a | 66.90 b |
| 糜蛋白酶活性Chymotrypsin activity/(IU·L-1) | 111.74 b | 139.72 a | 119.61 ab |
| 脂肪酶活性 Lipase activity/(U·L-1) | 187.38 a | 202.74 a | 198.68 a |
| 胰蛋白酶活性 Trypsin activity/(U·L-1) | 103.49 b | 115.68 a | 110.56 ab |
表5 各组藏羊瘤胃液的免疫功能
Table 5 Immune function of rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
| 指标Index | CPW | LPW | HPW |
|---|---|---|---|
| IgA/(μg·mL-1) | 82.64 b | 108.79 a | 82.86 b |
| IgG/(mg·mL-1) | 18.62 b | 29.86 a | 20.58 b |
| IgM/(μg·mL-1) | 562.97 a | 747.68 a | 633.53 a |
| IL-1β/(pg·mL-1) | 43.05 a | 47.98 a | 46.17 a |
| TNF-α/(pg·mL-1) | 114.63 a | 85.76 b | 98.52 ab |
表5 各组藏羊瘤胃液的免疫功能
Table 5 Immune function of rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
| 指标Index | CPW | LPW | HPW |
|---|---|---|---|
| IgA/(μg·mL-1) | 82.64 b | 108.79 a | 82.86 b |
| IgG/(mg·mL-1) | 18.62 b | 29.86 a | 20.58 b |
| IgM/(μg·mL-1) | 562.97 a | 747.68 a | 633.53 a |
| IL-1β/(pg·mL-1) | 43.05 a | 47.98 a | 46.17 a |
| TNF-α/(pg·mL-1) | 114.63 a | 85.76 b | 98.52 ab |
表6 各组藏羊瘤胃液的抗氧化功能
Table 6 Antioxidant functions of rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
| 指标Index | CPW | LPW | HPW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 总抗氧化能力Total antioxidant capacity/(ng·mL-1) | 10.14 b | 11.20 ab | 12.05 a |
| 超氧化物歧化酶活性Superoxide dismutase activity/(U·mL-1) | 131.99 a | 146.79 a | 136.55 a |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性Glutathione peroxidase activity/(U·mL-1) | 229.12 a | 232.49 a | 229.87 a |
| 过氧化氢酶活性Catalase activity/(U·mL-1) | 35.87 ab | 41.42 a | 32.66 b |
| 丙二醛含量Malondialdehyde content/(nmol·mL-1) | 4.39 a | 4.59 a | 4.40 a |
表6 各组藏羊瘤胃液的抗氧化功能
Table 6 Antioxidant functions of rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
| 指标Index | CPW | LPW | HPW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 总抗氧化能力Total antioxidant capacity/(ng·mL-1) | 10.14 b | 11.20 ab | 12.05 a |
| 超氧化物歧化酶活性Superoxide dismutase activity/(U·mL-1) | 131.99 a | 146.79 a | 136.55 a |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性Glutathione peroxidase activity/(U·mL-1) | 229.12 a | 232.49 a | 229.87 a |
| 过氧化氢酶活性Catalase activity/(U·mL-1) | 35.87 ab | 41.42 a | 32.66 b |
| 丙二醛含量Malondialdehyde content/(nmol·mL-1) | 4.39 a | 4.59 a | 4.40 a |
图1 各组样品的维恩图
Fig.1 Venn diagram of different samples
图1 各组样品的维恩图
Fig.1 Venn diagram of different samples
表7 各组藏羊瘤胃液的细菌Alpha多样性
Table 7 Alpha diversity of bacteria in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
| 指标Index | CPW | LPW | HPW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 香农指数Shannon index | 6.61 | 5.33 | 5.39 |
| 辛普森指数Simpson index | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.94 |
| Ace指数Ace index | 354.80 | 121.00 | 147.80 |
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 406.11 | 121.29 | 153.09 |
| 覆盖率Coverage/% | 99 | 100 | 100 |
表7 各组藏羊瘤胃液的细菌Alpha多样性
Table 7 Alpha diversity of bacteria in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
| 指标Index | CPW | LPW | HPW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 香农指数Shannon index | 6.61 | 5.33 | 5.39 |
| 辛普森指数Simpson index | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.94 |
| Ace指数Ace index | 354.80 | 121.00 | 147.80 |
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 406.11 | 121.29 | 153.09 |
| 覆盖率Coverage/% | 99 | 100 | 100 |
图2 各组藏羊瘤胃液的细菌Beta多样性分析
Fig.2 Beta diversity of bacteria in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
图2 各组藏羊瘤胃液的细菌Beta多样性分析
Fig.2 Beta diversity of bacteria in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
图3 各组藏羊瘤胃液细菌门水平上的相对丰度
Fig.3 Relative abundance of bacteria in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups at phylum level
图3 各组藏羊瘤胃液细菌门水平上的相对丰度
Fig.3 Relative abundance of bacteria in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups at phylum level
图4 各组藏羊瘤胃液细菌属水平上的相对丰度
Fig.4 Relative abundance of bacteria in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups at genus level
图4 各组藏羊瘤胃液细菌属水平上的相对丰度
Fig.4 Relative abundance of bacteria in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups at genus level
图5 各组藏羊瘤胃液细菌的功能注释
Fig.5 Functional notes of bacteria in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
图5 各组藏羊瘤胃液细菌的功能注释
Fig.5 Functional notes of bacteria in rumen fluid of Tibetan lamp in different groups
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