灌木入侵与放牧干扰对中亚白草种群大小及其分布的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.08.11

浙江农业学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (8): 1305-1312.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.08.11

灌木入侵与放牧干扰对中亚白草种群大小及其分布的影响

古君龙¹, 王兴^{1, 2}, 杨新国^{1, *}, 赵伟¹, 苗翻¹, 杨东东¹

1.宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,西北土地退化与生态恢复省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,西部生态与生物资源开发联合研究中心,宁夏银川 750021；
2.宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川 750021

收稿日期:2017-03-24 出版日期:2017-08-20 发布日期:2017-09-06
通讯作者: 杨新国,E-mail: xinguoyang1976@163.com
作者简介:古君龙(1990-),男,宁夏吴忠人,硕士研究生,主要从事生态水文研究。E-mail: yznu10060991@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31460161)

Effects of shrub invasion and grazing disturbance on population size and distribution of Pennisetum centrasiaticum

GU Junlong¹, WANG Xing^{1, 2}, YANG Xinguo^{1, *}, ZHAO Wei¹, MIAO Fan¹, YANG Dongdong¹

1. Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in North-Western China of Ministry of Education, Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwestern China, Union Research Center for Ecological and Exploitation of Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
2. College of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2017-03-24 Online:2017-08-20 Published:2017-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解荒漠草原草地灌木入侵与放牧干扰对中亚白草(Pennisetum centrasiaticum)种群大小及分布的影响,在宁夏盐池县杨寨子自然村自由放牧状态下的人工柠条(Caragana intermedia)林地内部由西向东设置3个分区,分别代表3个连续分布的植被类型区,即保留的原始草地、林草过渡带和人工林地。在人工林地围栏封育处理基础上,采用样方法,分灌丛内外,调查并分析中亚白草种群特征与土壤养分、地表羊粪量、林下或林间生境条件的关系。结果表明:(1)从草地分区到林地分区,白草种群的数量持续下降,在群落中的地位不断降低,由建群种过渡为伴生种,直至成为林地中的偶见种。(2)放牧主要通过直接采食作用降低林间白草的盖度和多度,间接驱动了白草向林下的聚集;但在剔除放牧作用后,白草在林下和林间的分布关系发生逆转。(3)柠条密度差异、围栏内外放牧强度差异以及灌丛内外保护作用的不同是决定白草种群大小与分布的潜在重要因素。(4)对于以白草为优势种和建群种的沙化草地而言,适度放牧可以维持相对稳定的多样性和生产力结构功能;持续放牧干扰下,人工柠条的进入,可以通过直接保育效应和资源效应,在局部空间上起到对白草的保护作用,但柠条对环境的改造作用(旱化、土壤质地和结皮等),使生境越来越不适宜白草种群发展,种群破碎化加剧(不连续分布),其对放牧干扰的弹性也不断降低,最终导致了柠条和放牧综合作用下白草种群在柠条林地中地位、分布的下降,直至消失。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 人工柠条, 放牧干扰, 种群分布, 中亚白草

Abstract: To understand the effect of shrub invasion and grazing disturbance on the population size and distribution of Pennisetum centrasiaticum. Three sites comprising original grassland, transition zone of shrub-grassland and artificial shrub forest were selected under free grazed shrub forest in Yang zhaizi village within Yanchi country, Ningxia, northern China. The population features of Pennisetum centrasiaticum, soil nutrient, faeces counts and habitat conditions were surveyed at each site in grazed and fenced plots. We analyzed the relationship between population characteristic and variables environment factors. The results showed that: (1) From grassland to woodland, the number of Pennisetum centrasiaticum individuals declined, indicating alteration of its status within community from the dominant species to the associated species or rare species. (2) The coverage and abundance decreased in the area without shrub cover by the direct sheep feeding, this was an indirect process driving the aggregation of Pennisetum centrasiaticum individuals under the coverage of shrub. However, this distribution pattern changed under the fenced area in comparison to that in grazed area. (3) Potential factors in determining the population size and distribution pattern were density of shrub, intensity of grazing and protective effect of shrub. (4) For the desertified grassland dominated by Pennisetum centrasiaticum. The relatively stable diversity and production would be maintained under the moderate grazing condition. When the shrub invasion succeeded, the population of Pennisetum centrasiaticum could be protected by shrub through effect of conservation and resources enriching under a continuous grazing disturbance condition. However, due to the severe soil drought and occurring of soil crust associated with the development stage of shrub, the habitat would be harmful for the development of Pennisetum centrasiaticum population. Finally, fragmentation of population and declining in resistance of disturbance made the alteration of Pennisetum centrasiaticum status with community.

Key words: desert steppe, Caragana intermedia, grazing disturbance, population distribution, Pennisetum centrasiaticum

中图分类号:

S812.6

古君龙, 王兴, 杨新国, 赵伟, 苗翻, 杨东东. 灌木入侵与放牧干扰对中亚白草种群大小及其分布的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2017, 29(8): 1305-1312.

GU Junlong, WANG Xing, YANG Xinguo, ZHAO Wei, MIAO Fan, YANG Dongdong. Effects of shrub invasion and grazing disturbance on population size and distribution of Pennisetum centrasiaticum[J]. , 2017, 29(8): 1305-1312.

参考文献

[1] 宋乃平,吴旭东,潘军,等.荒漠草原人工柠条林对土壤质地演进过程的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015,41(6):703-711.
SONG N P, WU X D, PAN J, et al.Impacts of artificial Caragana intermedia stand on soil texture evolution in desert steppe [J]. Journal of Zhenjiang University ( Agricuture & Life Science Edition ), 2015, 41(6): 703-711. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 王兴, 宋乃平, 杨新国, 等. 放牧扰动下草地植物多样性对土壤因子的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(5):27-36.
WANG X, SONG N P, YANG X G, et al. The response of grassland plant diversity to soil factors under grazing disturbance [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica , 2013, 22(5): 27-36. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] 高琼, 刘婷. 干旱半干旱区草原灌丛化的原因及影响-争议与进展[J]. 干旱区地理(汉文版), 2015, 38(6): 1202-1212.
GAO Q, LIU T. Causes and consequences of shrub encroachment in arid and semiarid region: a disputable issue [J]. Arid Land Geography , 2015, 38(6): 1202-1212. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] SCHLESINGER W H, REYNOLDS J F, CUNNINGHAM G L, et al. Biological feedbacks in global desertification [J]. Science , 1990, 247(4946): 1043-1048.
[5] JACKSON R B, BANNER J L, JOBBÁGY E G, et al. Ecosystem carbon loss with woody plant invasion of grasslands [J]. Nature , 2002, 418(6898): 623.
[6] 熊小刚, 韩兴国. 内蒙古半干旱草原灌丛化过程中小叶锦鸡儿引起的土壤碳、氮资源空间异质性分布[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(7): 1678-1683.
XIONG X G, HAN X G. Spatial heterogeneity in soil carbon and nitrogen resources, caused by Caragana microphylla , in the thicketization of semiarid grassland, Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 2005, 25(7): 1678-1683. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] 郭忠升, 邵明安. 半干旱区人工林草地土壤旱化与土壤水分植被承载力[J]. 生态学报, 2003, 23(8): 1640-1647.
GUO Z S, SHAO M A. Soil water carrying capacity of vegetation and soil desiccation in artificial forestry and grassland in semi-arid regions of the Loess Plateau [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 2003, 23(8): 1640-1647. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 任安芝, 高玉葆, 梁宇,等. 白草和赖草无性系生长对干旱胁迫的反应[J]. 中国沙漠, 1999, 19(增刊1): 31-35.
REN A Z, GAO Y B, LIANG Y, et al. Effect of drought stress on clonal growth of Pennisetum centrasiaticum and Leymus secalinus [J]. Journal of Desert Research , 1999,19(Suppl.1): 31-35. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 张宏, 史培军, 郑秋红. 半干旱地区天然草地灌丛化与土壤异质性关系研究进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2001, 25(3): 366-370.
ZHANG H, SHI P J, ZHENG Q H. Research progress in relationship between shrub invasion and soil heterogeneity in a natural semi-arid grassland [J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica , 2001, 25(3): 366-370. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10] 杨新国, 赵伟, 陈林, 等. 荒漠草原人工柠条林土壤与植被的演变特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2015 (4): 590-594.
YANG X G, ZHAO W, CHEN L, et al. Antidromal succession between soil and plant in the Caragana intermedia shrubland in the desert steppe [J] . Ecology & Environmental Sciences , 2015 (4): 590-594. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 刘学东, 陈林, 杨新国, 等. 放牧与围栏对荒漠草原土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2016, 28(8): 1389-1395.
LIU X D, CHEN L, YANG X G, et al. Effects of grazing and fencing on nutrients and enzyme activities in desert steppe soil [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis , 2016, 28(8): 1389-1395. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 安慧, 杨新国, 刘秉儒, 等. 荒漠草原区弃耕地植被演替过程中植物群落生物量及土壤养分变化[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(12): 3145-3149.
AN H, YANG X G, LIU B R, et al. Changes of plant community biomass and soil nutrients during the vegetation succession on abandoned cultivated land in desert steppe region [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology , 2011, 22(12): 3145-3149. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 杨明秀. 荒漠草原人工柠条林地灌草量质动态及其约束因子研究[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2014.
YANG M X. Study on quantity quality dynamic and restriction factors of shrub and grass in artificial caragana land in desert steppe [D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2014. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000: 228-233.
[15] 邹文秀, 韩晓增, 陆欣春, 等. 不同土地利用方式对黑土剖面土壤物理性质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(5): 187-193.
ZOU W X, HAN X Z, LU X C, et al. Effect of land use types on physical properties of black soil [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 2015, 29(5): 187-193. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 颉登科, 刘世海, 薛智德. 黄土区退耕封育草地微生境土壤水分变化规律[J]. 水土保持通报, 2011, 31(3): 44-47.
XIE D K, LIU S H, XUE Z D. Soil water content variations in various micro-habitats on closed gr asslands returned from farmlands in Loess Area [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 2011, 31(3): 44-47. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] VAN AUKEN O W. Causes and consequences of woody plant encroachment into western North American grasslands [J]. Journal of Environmental Management , 2009, 90(10): 2931-2942.
[18] ZAROVALI M P, YIAKOULAKI M D, PAPANASTASIS V P. Effects of shrub encroachment on herbage production and nutritive value in semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands [J]. Grass & Forage Science , 2007, 62(3): 355-363.
[19] 瞿王龙, 杨小鹏, 张存涛, 等. 干旱、半干旱地区天然草原灌木及其肥岛效应研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(4): 201-207.
QU W L, YANG X P, ZHANG C T, et al. Shrub-mediated “fertile island” effects in arid and semi-arid grassland [J]. Acta Pratacultuae Sinica , 2015, 24(4): 201-207. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] SCHLESINGER W H, RAIKES J A, HARTLEY A E, et al. On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems [J]. Ecology , 1996, 77(4): 364-374.
[21] SCHLESINGER W H, REYNOLDS J F, CUNNINGHAM G L, et al. Biological feedbacks in global desertification [J]. Science , 1990, 247(4649): 1043-1048.
[22] 彭海英, 李小雁, 童绍玉. 内蒙古典型草原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对水分再分配和利用的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(9): 2256-2265.
PENG H Y, LI X Y, TONG S Y. Effects of shrub ( Caragana microphalla Lam.) encroachment on water redistribution and utilization in the typical steppe of Inner Mongolia [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 2014, 34(9): 2256-2265. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 刘秉儒, 李文金. 荒漠植物红砂( Reaumuria soongorica )的保育效应及其对群落物种多样性的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26(10): 117-120.
LIU B R, LI W J. Influence of nurse effect on the diversity of desert Reaumuria soongorica community under arid environment in the Loess Plateau [J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources & Environment , 2012, 26(10): 117-120. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 李新荣, 张元明, 赵允格. 生物土壤结皮研究: 进展、前沿与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(1): 11-24.
LI X R, ZHANG Y M, ZHAO Y G. A study of biological spil crusts: recent development, trend and prospect [J]. Advances in Earth Science , 2009, 24(1): 11-24. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 熊好琴, 段金跃, 王妍, 等. 毛乌素沙地生物结皮对水分入渗和再分配的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2011, 18(4): 82-87.
XIONG H Q, DUAN J Y, WANG Y, et al. Effects of biological soil crust on water infiltration and redistribution in the Mu Us Sandland, Inner Mongolia, Northern China [J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation , 2011, 18(4): 82-87. (in Chinese with English abstract)

灌木入侵与放牧干扰对中亚白草种群大小及其分布的影响

Effects of shrub invasion and grazing disturbance on population size and distribution of Pennisetum centrasiaticum

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 2

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	陶利波, 王建军, 王国会, 于双, 李惠惠, 许冬梅. 封育对宁夏荒漠草原土壤有机碳矿化的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2017, 29(9): 1549-1554.
[2]	刘学东1，2，3，陈林1，2，3，杨新国1，2，3，赵伟1，2，3，张义凡1，2，3，李学斌4，*. 放牧与围栏对荒漠草原土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2016, 28(8): 1389-.