浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 1199-1211.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.07.06
李菊1(
), 颉博杰1, 魏守辉1, 张国斌1, 武玥1, 唐中祺1, 肖雪梅1,2,*(
), 郁继华1,2
收稿日期:2020-12-09
出版日期:2021-07-25
发布日期:2021-08-06
作者简介:*肖雪梅,E-mail: xiaoxm@gsau.edu.cn通讯作者:
肖雪梅
基金资助:
LI Ju1(
), XIE Bojie1, WEI Shouhui1, ZHANG Guobin1, WU Yue1, TANG Zhongqi1, XIAO Xuemei1,2,*(
), YU Jihua1,2
Received:2020-12-09
Online:2021-07-25
Published:2021-08-06
Contact:
XIAO Xuemei
摘要:
以松花菜品种力禾青梗100天为材料,设置CK1(不施肥)、CK2(常规施肥)、T1(平衡施肥)、T2(平衡施肥+3 000 kg·hm-2生物有机肥)、T3(平衡施肥+6 000 kg·hm-2生物有机肥)和T4(平衡施肥+12 000 kg·hm-2生物有机肥)6个处理,研究不同处理对松花菜花球营养品质和挥发性物质数量与含量的影响。结果表明:相比CK2,生物有机肥配施化肥(T2~T4处理)有助于提高松花菜花球营养物质含量和挥发性物质的数量与含量。与CK2相比,T3处理下松花菜花球的维生素C含量显著(P<0.05)提高17.6%;T2和T3处理下松花菜花球中的Ca含量分别显著(P<0.05)提高14.3%和36.8%。T2、T3、T4处理下松花菜花球中的挥发性物质数量分别比CK2增加8、12、13种,酮类物质含量较CK2分别增加3.4、2.9和7.1倍。另外,与CK2相比,T2和T3处理下松花菜花球中具有青香、果香和花香味的特征性挥发性物质种类和含量增加。基于营养品质指标和挥发性物质指标的主成分分析综合评价结果显示,6个处理的得分从高到低依次为T3>T2>T4>CK2>T1>CK1。在本试验条件下,较常规施肥化肥减量30%的平衡施肥方案配施6 000 kg·hm-2生物有机肥处理下松花菜花球的综合品质最优。
中图分类号:
李菊, 颉博杰, 魏守辉, 张国斌, 武玥, 唐中祺, 肖雪梅, 郁继华. 有机肥与化肥配施对松花菜花球营养品质和挥发性物质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(7): 1199-1211.
LI Ju, XIE Bojie, WEI Shouhui, ZHANG Guobin, WU Yue, TANG Zhongqi, XIAO Xuemei, YU Jihua. Effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on nutritional quality and volatile compounds of cauliflower[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(7): 1199-1211.
| 处理 Treatment | 春茬Spring | 秋茬Autumn | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 生物有机肥 Bio-organic fertilizer | 化肥养分 Total nutrient | 第一次追肥 The 1st topdressing | 第二次追肥 The 2nd topdressing | 第三次追肥 The 3rd topdressing | |||||||
| N | P2O5 | K2O | N | N | P2O5 | K2O | N | P2O5 | K2O | ||
| CK1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CK2 | 0 | 513 | 573 | 276 | 57 | 189 | 357 | 81 | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| T1 | 0 | 442.5 | 96.0 | 415.5 | 249 | 96 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| T2 | 3 000 | 442.5 | 96.0 | 415.5 | 249 | 96 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| T3 | 6 000 | 442.5 | 96.0 | 415.5 | 249 | 96 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| T4 | 12 000 | 442.5 | 96.0 | 415.5 | 249 | 96 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 18 | 63 |
表1 不同处理的施肥设计
Table 1 Fertilization module of different treatments kg·hm-2
| 处理 Treatment | 春茬Spring | 秋茬Autumn | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 生物有机肥 Bio-organic fertilizer | 化肥养分 Total nutrient | 第一次追肥 The 1st topdressing | 第二次追肥 The 2nd topdressing | 第三次追肥 The 3rd topdressing | |||||||
| N | P2O5 | K2O | N | N | P2O5 | K2O | N | P2O5 | K2O | ||
| CK1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CK2 | 0 | 513 | 573 | 276 | 57 | 189 | 357 | 81 | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| T1 | 0 | 442.5 | 96.0 | 415.5 | 249 | 96 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| T2 | 3 000 | 442.5 | 96.0 | 415.5 | 249 | 96 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| T3 | 6 000 | 442.5 | 96.0 | 415.5 | 249 | 96 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| T4 | 12 000 | 442.5 | 96.0 | 415.5 | 249 | 96 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| 处理 Treatment | 可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein/ (mg·g-1) | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/ % | 有机酸 Organic acid/ (mg·g-1) | 维生素C Vitamin C/ (mg·kg-1) | 硝酸盐 Nitrate/ (mg·g-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 1.69±0.01 b | 2.99±0.11 a | 2.73±0.15 b | 450.0±45.2 c | 935.31±12.66 b |
| CK2 | 1.81±0.01 ab | 3.30±0.22 a | 2.77±0.23 b | 509.7±17.8 bc | 1 001.10±16.75 a |
| T1 | 1.75±0.03 ab | 3.10±0.37 a | 3.37±0.07 a | 510.6±10.3 bc | 990.13±22.83 a |
| T2 | 1.81±0.05 ab | 3.43±0.30 a | 3.33±0.09 a | 584.9±36.0 ab | 986.48±7.31 ab |
| T3 | 1.82±0.04 ab | 3.69±0.43 a | 2.80±0.17 b | 599.5±18.6 a | 964.55±13.18 ab |
| T4 | 1.84±0.07 a | 3.64±0.19 a | 3.13±0.20 ab | 592.3±7.1 ab | 975.51±19.34 ab |
表2 不同处理对松花菜花球营养品质的影响
Table 2 Effects of different treatments on nutritional quality of cauliflower
| 处理 Treatment | 可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein/ (mg·g-1) | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/ % | 有机酸 Organic acid/ (mg·g-1) | 维生素C Vitamin C/ (mg·kg-1) | 硝酸盐 Nitrate/ (mg·g-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 1.69±0.01 b | 2.99±0.11 a | 2.73±0.15 b | 450.0±45.2 c | 935.31±12.66 b |
| CK2 | 1.81±0.01 ab | 3.30±0.22 a | 2.77±0.23 b | 509.7±17.8 bc | 1 001.10±16.75 a |
| T1 | 1.75±0.03 ab | 3.10±0.37 a | 3.37±0.07 a | 510.6±10.3 bc | 990.13±22.83 a |
| T2 | 1.81±0.05 ab | 3.43±0.30 a | 3.33±0.09 a | 584.9±36.0 ab | 986.48±7.31 ab |
| T3 | 1.82±0.04 ab | 3.69±0.43 a | 2.80±0.17 b | 599.5±18.6 a | 964.55±13.18 ab |
| T4 | 1.84±0.07 a | 3.64±0.19 a | 3.13±0.20 ab | 592.3±7.1 ab | 975.51±19.34 ab |
| 处理Treatment | Ca | Mg | Fe | Mn | Zn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 895.80±3.59 bc | 1 611.20±23.11 a | 112.47±8.45 b | 8.64±0.20 b | 44.85±0.18 b |
| CK2 | 850.53±23.13 cd | 1 625.40±33.03 a | 106.90±7.10 b | 9.37±0.41 ab | 52.32±1.82 a |
| T1 | 760.00±60.48 d | 1 611.60±33.31 a | 108.77±4.81 b | 8.21±0.46 b | 49.43±4.17 ab |
| T2 | 972.33±48.90 b | 1 725.20±59.76 a | 126.26±5.24 a | 10.80±0.27 a | 51.75±0.48 a |
| T3 | 1 163.93±9.65 a | 1 654.00±34.10 a | 126.56±0.74 a | 10.30±0.80 a | 52.95±1.08 a |
| T4 | 955.33±20.42 bc | 1 700.20±54.68 a | 123.66±3.24 a | 10.19±0.40 a | 53.56±0.86 a |
表3 不同处理对松花菜花球矿质元素含量的影响
Table 3 Effects of different treatments on contents of mineral elements of cauliflower mg·kg-1
| 处理Treatment | Ca | Mg | Fe | Mn | Zn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 895.80±3.59 bc | 1 611.20±23.11 a | 112.47±8.45 b | 8.64±0.20 b | 44.85±0.18 b |
| CK2 | 850.53±23.13 cd | 1 625.40±33.03 a | 106.90±7.10 b | 9.37±0.41 ab | 52.32±1.82 a |
| T1 | 760.00±60.48 d | 1 611.60±33.31 a | 108.77±4.81 b | 8.21±0.46 b | 49.43±4.17 ab |
| T2 | 972.33±48.90 b | 1 725.20±59.76 a | 126.26±5.24 a | 10.80±0.27 a | 51.75±0.48 a |
| T3 | 1 163.93±9.65 a | 1 654.00±34.10 a | 126.56±0.74 a | 10.30±0.80 a | 52.95±1.08 a |
| T4 | 955.33±20.42 bc | 1 700.20±54.68 a | 123.66±3.24 a | 10.19±0.40 a | 53.56±0.86 a |
| 挥发性物质 Volatile matter | 化学式 Chemical formula | 保留时间 Retention time/min | 相对含量 Relative content/% | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | CK2 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |||||
| 醛类Aldehyde | ||||||||||
| 2-已烯醛2-Hexenal, (E)- | C6H10O | 5.57 | — | — | — | — | — | 7.79 | ||
| 甲缩醛Methylal | C3H8O2 | 7.80 | — | — | — | 0.55 | — | — | ||
| 甜瓜醛5-Heptenal, 2,6-dimethyl- | C9H16O | 9.69 | — | — | — | 13.46 | — | — | ||
| 反式-2-辛烯 Cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-methylene- | C8H12O | 13.14 | 0.79 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 环己基甲醛 Cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde | C7H12O | 13.74 | — | — | 2.58 | — | — | — | ||
| 反式-4-庚醛4-Heptenal, (E)- | C7H12O | 13.74 | — | — | — | 1.16 | — | — | ||
| 5-乙基环戊-1-烯醛 5-Ethylcyclopent-1-enecarboxaldehyde | C8H12O | 8.79 | — | — | — | — | 0.33 | 0.51 | ||
| 4-甲基环己-3-烯乙醛 3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 4-methyl- | C8H12O | 11.24 | — | 0.59 | — | — | — | 0.61 | ||
| 顺式-2-庚醛2-Heptenal, (Z)- | C7H12O | 5.47 | 0.99 | — | — | — | 1.49 | 1.48 | ||
| 反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛2,4-Nonadienal, (E,E)- | C9H14O | 16.10 | 0.38 | — | — | — | — | 0.19 | ||
| 反式-2-壬醛2-Nonenal, (E)- | C9H16O | 17.41 | — | — | 1.17 | — | 1.14 | — | ||
| 苯甲醛Benzaldehyde | C7H6O | 4.85 | 1.33 | 2.17 | — | — | 1.28 | 1.63 | ||
| 正辛醛Octanal | C8H16O | 9.49 | 0.32 | 0.42 | — | — | 0.68 | 0.44 | ||
| 反式-2-癸烯醛2-Decenal, (E)- | C10H18O | 19.19 | 0.38 | 0.29 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2-十一碳烯醛2-Undecenal | C11H20O | 21.84 | 0.38 | 0.38 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2-甲基-2-戊烯醛2-Pentenal, 2-methyl- | C6H10O | 13.58 | 0.53 | — | 1.42 | — | — | — | ||
| 十五烷醛Pentadecanal | C15H30O | 27.37 | 0.39 | 0.48 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 反,反-2,4-庚二烯醛2,4-Heptadienal, (E,E)- | C7H10O | 12.81 | 5.48 | 6.69 | 12.71 | 7.37 | 6.35 | 6.63 | ||
| 反式-2-辛烯醛2-Octenal, (E)- | C8H14O | 13.83 | 1.57 | 2.35 | 2.82 | 1.70 | 1.58 | 1.77 | ||
| 苯乙醛Benzeneacetaldehyde | C8H8O | 14.08 | 0.82 | 1.15 | 1.32 | 0.57 | 0.93 | 0.86 | ||
| 壬醛Nonanal | C9H18O | 14.46 | 8.78 | 6.14 | 9.11 | 15.39 | 12.32 | 4.59 | ||
| 3-乙基苯甲醛Benzaldehyde, 3-ethyl- | C9H10O | 17.25 | 1.83 | 1.56 | 3.30 | 2.24 | 1.97 | 1.68 | ||
| 癸醛Decanal | C10H20O | 17.42 | 0.82 | 0.76 | 1.99 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.65 | ||
| 反式-2,4-癸二烯醛2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)- | C10H16O | 21.24 | 2.92 | 2.91 | 5.95 | 0.57 | 3.97 | 2.85 | ||
| 酮类Ketones | ||||||||||
| 3-甲基-3-丁烯-2-酮 3-Buten-2-one, 3-methyl- | C5H8O | 1.97 | — | — | — | 1.41 | — | — | ||
| 5H-呋喃-2-酮2(5H)-Furanone | C4H4O2 | 5.18 | 0.43 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 环己酮Cyclohexanone | C6H10O | 5.62 | — | — | — | — | — | 8.49 | ||
| 环戊酮Cyclopentanone | C5H8O | 5.92 | — | — | — | 1.16 | — | — | ||
| 反,反-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮3,5-Octadien-2-one, (E,E)- | C8H12O | 6.17 | — | 1.93 | — | — | 0.46 | 1.33 | ||
| 3,5-辛二烯-2-酮3,5-Octadien-2-one | C8H12O | 6.56 | 0.84 | — | 1.67 | 0.49 | — | — | ||
| 甲基庚烯酮5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl- | C8H14O | 7.75 | — | — | — | — | 0.36 | 0.44 | ||
| 香叶基丙酮 5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 2,10-dimethyl-, (E)- | C13H22O | 8.31 | — | — | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.26 | — | ||
| 蒿酮1,5-Heptadien-4-one, 3,3,6-trimethyl- | C10H16O | 8.72 | 0.40 | — | — | 0.82 | — | 4.13 | ||
| 2-甲基-4,6-辛基-3-酮 4,6-Octadiyn-3-one, 2-methyl- | C9H10O | 8.72 | — | — | 2.30 | — | — | — | ||
| 苯乙酮Acetophenone | C8H8O | 10.32 | — | — | 0.78 | 0.55 | 1.25 | 0.87 | ||
| 5-甲基-4-己烯-3-酮 4-Hexen-3-one, 5-methyl- | C7H12O | 11.90 | — | 0.52 | — | 0.95 | 0.53 | 1.35 | ||
| 2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基-4(H)-吡喃-4-酮 | C6H8O4 | 13.19 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.18 | ||
| 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- | ||||||||||
| 2-丙基环己酮Cyclohexanone, 2-propyl- | C9H16O | 16.89 | 0.49 | — | 1.51 | 1.42 | 1.77 | 1.42 | ||
| β-紫罗酮trans-.beta.-Ionone | C13H20O | 19.64 | — | — | — | — | 0.25 | 0.19 | ||
| 2-环己烷基环己酮 [1,1'-Bicyclohexyl]-2-one | C10H18O3 | 19.67 | — | — | 5.33 | 2.55 | 4.74 | 1.35 | ||
| 2-叔-丁基环己酮2-tert-Butylcyclohexanone | C10H18O | 21.64 | — | — | 0.85 | 0.46 | — | — | ||
| 丁基环己酮2-sec-Butylcyclohexanone | C10H18O | 24.95 | — | — | — | 0.48 | — | — | ||
| 6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl- | C18H36O | 28.93 | 0.38 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 酯类Esters | ||||||||||
| 甲酸己酯Formic acid, hexyl ester | C7H14O2 | 1.19 | — | — | — | 2.35 | — | — | ||
| 乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetate | C4H8O2 | 2.61 | — | — | — | — | 1.50 | — | ||
| 挥发性物质 Volatile matter | 化学式 Chemical formula | 保留时间 Retention time/min | 相对含量 Relative content/% | |||||||
| CK1 | CK2 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |||||
| 异硫氰酸甲酯Methane, isothiocyanato- | C2H3NS | 4.89 | — | 5.89 | — | — | 3.66 | 9.67 | ||
| 硫氰酸甲酯Thiocyanic acid, methyl ester | C2H3NS | 5.26 | 1.34 | — | 5.84 | — | 1.82 | — | ||
| 1-乙基-1-甲基丙-2-炔基氨基甲酸酯 | C7H11NO2 | 5.41 | — | — | — | — | 4.82 | — | ||
| 1-Pentyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-, carbamate | ||||||||||
| 丙酸-4-己基-1-酯 Propanoic acid, 4-hexen-1-yl ester | C9H16O2 | 5.69 | — | — | — | — | — | 6.93 | ||
| 顺式-3-己烯醇甲酸酯 3-Hexen-1-ol, formate, (Z)- | C7H12O2 | 8.47 | 1.91 | 12.49 | 16.75 | — | — | — | ||
| 己基硫醇酯Hexanethioic acid, S-propyl ester | C9H18OS | 9.39 | — | — | — | — | 0.34 | 0.43 | ||
| 2-甲基-2-丁酸-2-甲丙酯 | C9H16O2 | 9.48 | 1.49 | 3.98 | 2.00 | 1.27 | — | 2.49 | ||
| 2-Butenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylpropyl ester | ||||||||||
| 己酸甲硫醇酯Hexanethioic acid, S-methyl ester | C7H14OS | 14.79 | 0.32 | 0.32 | — | 0.37 | — | — | ||
| 甲酸辛酯Formic acid, octyl ester | C9H18O2 | 14.90 | 1.73 | 1.13 | 0.91 | 2.12 | 2.24 | — | ||
| 水杨酸甲酯Methyl salicylate | C8H8O3 | 23.68 | — | — | — | 0.22 | — | — | ||
| 十二醇酯 | C12H24O3 | 29.16 | — | — | — | 0.30 | — | — | ||
| Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl ester | ||||||||||
| 烃类Hydrocarbon | ||||||||||
| 正丙基环戊烷Cyclopentane, propyl- | C8H16 | 1.52 | 1.59 | 1.79 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1,3-二甲基苯Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl- | C8H10 | 7.16 | 0.58 | 1.76 | 3.42 | 1.33 | — | 2.62 | ||
| 正十二烷Dodecane | C12H26 | 7.29 | — | — | 0.81 | — | 0.36 | 0.43 | ||
| 3-乙基-1,5-辛二烯3-Ethyl-1,5-octadiene | C10H18 | 8.08 | — | — | 2.32 | — | 3.21 | 1.27 | ||
| 反式-3-乙基-2-甲基己烷-1,3-二烯 | C9H16 | 8.79 | — | — | — | — | 0.62 | — | ||
| 1,3-Hexadiene, 3-ethyl-2-methyl- | ||||||||||
| 3,3,5-三甲基己-1-烯 1-Hexene, 3,3,5-trimethyl- | C9H18 | 9.65 | — | — | 2.29 | — | 1.98 | — | ||
| 1-乙基-2-甲基环戊烯 Methyl ethyl cyclopentene | C8H14 | 11.46 | 2.40 | 2.87 | — | 2.30 | 2.18 | 3.28 | ||
| 乙基环戊烷Cyclopentane, ethyl- | C7H14 | 13.72 | — | — | 1.92 | — | — | — | ||
| 戊基环丙烷Cyclopropane, pentyl- | C8H16 | 14.20 | — | — | 0.68 | — | — | 0.52 | ||
| 4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己烯 | C10H16 | 15.20 | 0.49 | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.37 | 0.27 | — | ||
| Cyclohexene, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethenyl)- | ||||||||||
| 十三(碳)烷Tridecane | C13H28 | 15.71 | 0.36 | 0.35 | — | — | — | 0.44 | ||
| 2,4-辛二烯2,4-Octadiene | C8H14 | 16.34 | — | — | 3.34 | — | — | — | ||
| 正十六烷Hexadecane | C16H34 | 16.35 | — | — | — | — | 0.32 | — | ||
| 2-甲基双环[2.2.2]辛烷 Bicyclo [2.2.2]octane, 2-methyl- | C9H16 | 17.84 | — | — | — | 0.49 | — | — | ||
| 4,5-二乙基-3,5-辛二烯 3,5-Octadiene, 4,5-diethyl- | C14H30 | 20.15 | — | — | 0.55 | 0.33 | 1.43 | 0.26 | ||
| 十四烷Tetradecane | C14H30 | 20.20 | 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.51 | ||
| 2,6,10-三甲基十三烷 2,6,10-Trimethyltridecane | C16H34 | 21.18 | 0.28 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 十五烷Pentadecane | C15H32 | 22.16 | 0.29 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 4-乙基-3-壬烯-5-炔 3-Nonen-5-yne, 4-ethyl- | C11H18 | 24.41 | — | 0.88 | — | 1.56 | — | — | ||
| 4,5-二乙基-3,5-辛二烯 3,5-Octadiene, 4,5-diethyl- | C12H22 | 25.65 | — | — | — | 0.37 | — | — | ||
| 醇类Alcohols | ||||||||||
| 2,6-辛二烯-4,5-二元醇 2,6-Octadiene-4,5-diol | C8H14O2 | 2.26 | — | — | 0.51 | — | — | — | ||
| 4-甲基-1-戊炔-1-醇 1-Pentyn-1-ol, 4-methyl- | C6H10O | 5.41 | — | — | — | — | 4.35 | — | ||
| 反式-3-甲基-2,4-戊二烯-1-醇 | C6H10O | 5.42 | — | — | — | — | — | 8.23 | ||
| 3-Methylpenta-1,3-diene-5-ol, (E)- | ||||||||||
| 2-环己烯-1-醇2-Cyclohexen-1-ol | C6H10O | 5.50 | — | — | — | — | — | 2.56 | ||
| 1-己醇1-Hexanol | C6H14O | 8.85 | 3.90 | 4.76 | 3.74 | — | — | — | ||
| 反-3-己烯醇3-Hexen-1-ol, (E)- | C6H12O | 9.07 | — | 22.55 | 17.88 | 12.47 | — | — | ||
| 4-甲基正己醇1-Hexanol, 4-methyl- | C7H16O | 9.46 | — | — | — | 18.64 | — | — | ||
| 6-十一醇6-Undecanol | C11H24O | 11.35 | — | — | — | — | 1.59 | 1.36 | ||
| 烯醇1,2-Ethanediol, 1,2-di-1-cyclopenten-1-yl- | C12H18O2 | 11.57 | — | — | — | — | 0.76 | — | ||
| 硫化物Sulfide | ||||||||||
| 磺酰基二甲烷Dimethyl sulfone | C2H6O2S | 4.07 | — | 2.54 | 1.59 | — | — | 6.41 | ||
| 2-乙基噻吩Thiophene, 2-ethyl- | C6H8S | 4.98 | — | — | — | — | 1.96 | 0.73 | ||
| 挥发性物质 Volatile matter | 化学式 Chemical formula | 保留时间 Retention time/min | 相对含量 Relative content/% | |||||||
| CK1 | CK2 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |||||
| 2-甲基四氢噻吩2-Methylthiolane, S,S-dioxide | C5H10O2S | 5.70 | — | — | — | — | 9.37 | — | ||
| 二甲基三硫化物Dimethyl trisulfide | C2H6S3 | 9.06 | 28.12 | 16.59 | 8.17 | 12.73 | 1.43 | 1.28 | ||
| 2,3,5-三硫代己烷Disulfide, methyl (methylthio)methyl | C3H8S3 | 9.73 | 0.37 | — | — | 0.33 | — | 0.70 | ||
| 甲基异戊基二硫化物Disulfide, isopentyl methyl | C6H14S2 | 14.38 | 0.28 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 二甲基四硫醚 Tetrasulfide, dimethyl | C2H6S4 | 18.13 | 11.32 | 3.38 | 0.38 | 1.32 | 2.20 | 16.84 | ||
| 2,4,5-三硫代己烷-2,2-二氧化物 | C3H8O2S3 | 21.94 | 0.51 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2,4,5-Trithiahexane 2,2-dioxide | ||||||||||
| 氮化物Nitrides | ||||||||||
| 乙酸铵Ammonium acetate | C2H7NO2 | 3.65 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.28 | ||
| 2-氨基咪唑1H-Imidazol-2-amine | C3H5N3 | 5.16 | — | 2.97 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 异己腈Isoamyl cyanide | C6H11N | 5.76 | — | — | — | — | 7.70 | — | ||
| N-亚甲基-乙胺Ethanamine, N-methylene- | C3H7N | 9.38 | — | — | — | 1.24 | — | — | ||
| 呋甲苯丙胺Furfurylmethylamphetamine | C15H19NO | 9.55 | 0.67 | 0.86 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 4-羟基吡啶4-Pyridinol | C5H5NO | 11.33 | — | — | 0.43 | — | — | — | ||
| 5H-四唑-5-胺5H-Tetrazol-5-amine | CH3N5 | 12.69 | — | — | — | — | 0.26 | — | ||
| 1-异氰基-2-甲苯Benzene, 1-isocyano-2-methyl- | C8H7N | 13.30 | — | — | — | — | 0.42 | — | ||
| 5-甲基黄酰戊腈Pentanenitrile, 5-(methylthio)- | C6H11NS | 14.67 | 0.79 | — | — | 0.70 | 0.33 | — | ||
| 3-苯基丙腈Benzenepropanenitrile | C9H9N | 15.50 | 0.89 | 0.71 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.52 | 1.59 | ||
| 1-异氰基-3-甲苯 Benzene, 1-isocyano-3-methyl- | C8H7N | 19.70 | — | 0.42 | 0.53 | 0.57 | — | 0.58 | ||
| 4-甲苯基异腈Benzene, 1-isocyano-4-methyl- | C8H7N | 19.84 | 0.49 | 0.39 | — | 0.59 | — | — | ||
| 呋喃类Furan | ||||||||||
| 2-正戊基呋喃Furan, 2-pentyl- | C9H14O | 7.70 | — | 0.80 | — | — | 0.75 | 0.70 | ||
| 顺式-2-戊烯基呋喃cis-2-(2-Pentenyl)furan | C9H12O | 7.85 | 0.43 | — | — | 0.27 | — | — | ||
| 2-乙基-5-甲基呋喃Furan, 2-ethyl-5-methyl- | C7H10O | 8.35 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.46 | ||
| 2-乙基呋喃Furan, 2-ethyl- | C6H8O | 9.71 | 1.60 | 5.96 | 7.72 | 4.59 | 4.74 | 5.89 | ||
| 2-(2-丙烯基)-呋喃 Furan, 2-(2-propenyl)- | C7H8O | 12.53 | — | — | 0.69 | — | 0.44 | 0.46 | ||
| 2-丁基四氢呋喃Furan, 2-butyltetrahydro- | C8H16O | 14.84 | — | 0.29 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2-N-已基呋喃Furan, 2-hexyl- | C10H16O | 24.34 | 2.73 | — | — | 2.43 | — | — | ||
| 其他 Others | ||||||||||
| 反式-2-己烯酸2-Hexenoic acid, (E)- | C6H10O2 | 1.28 | — | — | — | — | 0.25 | 0.65 | ||
| 1-甲基-1,2-环氧环己烷 7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1-methyl- | C7H12O | 1.52 | — | 1.52 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 醋酸Acetic acid | C2H4O2 | 3.67 | — | 0.57 | — | — | 0.29 | — | ||
| 丙酸酐Propanoic acid, anhydride | C6H10O3 | 3.77 | — | — | 3.17 | 1.88 | 1.32 | 4.46 | ||
| 2-甲基戊酸酐 Pentanoic acid, 2-methyl-, anhydride | C12H22O3 | 8.61 | 0.74 | 2.39 | — | 2.75 | 1.56 | 1.63 | ||
| 己酸Hexanoic acid | C6H12O2 | 9.20 | — | — | — | — | — | 1.15 | ||
| 戊酸酐Valeric anhydride | C10H18O3 | 16.47 | 0.42 | — | 1.35 | — | 0.50 | 1.13 | ||
| 邻苯二甲醚Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy- | C8H10O2 | 16.82 | 0.42 | 0.75 | 0.92 | 0.85 | 0.57 | 0.67 | ||
| 1-乙酰基-1-环己烯 Ethanone, 1-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)- | C8H12O | 17.84 | — | — | 0.43 | — | — | — | ||
| α-环氧蒎2,7,7-trimethyl-3-Oxatricyclo[4.1.1.0(2,4)]octane | C10H16O | 19.19 | 0.43 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 4-仲丁基苯酚Phenol, 4-(1-methylpropyl)- | C10H14O | 20.58 | 1.88 | 1.69 | 2.81 | — | 1.81 | 1.15 | ||
| 二氧化二聚环戊二烯 Dicyclopentadiene diepoxide | C10H12O2 | 21.30 | 0.34 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 异戊酸酐2-Methylbutanoic anhydride | C10H18O3 | 23.27 | — | — | — | 0.37 | — | — | ||
| 2-仲-丁基苯酚Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)- | C10H14O | 27.60 | — | — | — | 1.26 | — | — | ||
表4 不同处理下松花菜花球中挥发性物质的成分及其相对含量
Table 4 Analysis of volatile matter composition and their relative contents in cauliflower under different treatments
| 挥发性物质 Volatile matter | 化学式 Chemical formula | 保留时间 Retention time/min | 相对含量 Relative content/% | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | CK2 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |||||
| 醛类Aldehyde | ||||||||||
| 2-已烯醛2-Hexenal, (E)- | C6H10O | 5.57 | — | — | — | — | — | 7.79 | ||
| 甲缩醛Methylal | C3H8O2 | 7.80 | — | — | — | 0.55 | — | — | ||
| 甜瓜醛5-Heptenal, 2,6-dimethyl- | C9H16O | 9.69 | — | — | — | 13.46 | — | — | ||
| 反式-2-辛烯 Cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-methylene- | C8H12O | 13.14 | 0.79 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 环己基甲醛 Cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde | C7H12O | 13.74 | — | — | 2.58 | — | — | — | ||
| 反式-4-庚醛4-Heptenal, (E)- | C7H12O | 13.74 | — | — | — | 1.16 | — | — | ||
| 5-乙基环戊-1-烯醛 5-Ethylcyclopent-1-enecarboxaldehyde | C8H12O | 8.79 | — | — | — | — | 0.33 | 0.51 | ||
| 4-甲基环己-3-烯乙醛 3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 4-methyl- | C8H12O | 11.24 | — | 0.59 | — | — | — | 0.61 | ||
| 顺式-2-庚醛2-Heptenal, (Z)- | C7H12O | 5.47 | 0.99 | — | — | — | 1.49 | 1.48 | ||
| 反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛2,4-Nonadienal, (E,E)- | C9H14O | 16.10 | 0.38 | — | — | — | — | 0.19 | ||
| 反式-2-壬醛2-Nonenal, (E)- | C9H16O | 17.41 | — | — | 1.17 | — | 1.14 | — | ||
| 苯甲醛Benzaldehyde | C7H6O | 4.85 | 1.33 | 2.17 | — | — | 1.28 | 1.63 | ||
| 正辛醛Octanal | C8H16O | 9.49 | 0.32 | 0.42 | — | — | 0.68 | 0.44 | ||
| 反式-2-癸烯醛2-Decenal, (E)- | C10H18O | 19.19 | 0.38 | 0.29 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2-十一碳烯醛2-Undecenal | C11H20O | 21.84 | 0.38 | 0.38 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2-甲基-2-戊烯醛2-Pentenal, 2-methyl- | C6H10O | 13.58 | 0.53 | — | 1.42 | — | — | — | ||
| 十五烷醛Pentadecanal | C15H30O | 27.37 | 0.39 | 0.48 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 反,反-2,4-庚二烯醛2,4-Heptadienal, (E,E)- | C7H10O | 12.81 | 5.48 | 6.69 | 12.71 | 7.37 | 6.35 | 6.63 | ||
| 反式-2-辛烯醛2-Octenal, (E)- | C8H14O | 13.83 | 1.57 | 2.35 | 2.82 | 1.70 | 1.58 | 1.77 | ||
| 苯乙醛Benzeneacetaldehyde | C8H8O | 14.08 | 0.82 | 1.15 | 1.32 | 0.57 | 0.93 | 0.86 | ||
| 壬醛Nonanal | C9H18O | 14.46 | 8.78 | 6.14 | 9.11 | 15.39 | 12.32 | 4.59 | ||
| 3-乙基苯甲醛Benzaldehyde, 3-ethyl- | C9H10O | 17.25 | 1.83 | 1.56 | 3.30 | 2.24 | 1.97 | 1.68 | ||
| 癸醛Decanal | C10H20O | 17.42 | 0.82 | 0.76 | 1.99 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.65 | ||
| 反式-2,4-癸二烯醛2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)- | C10H16O | 21.24 | 2.92 | 2.91 | 5.95 | 0.57 | 3.97 | 2.85 | ||
| 酮类Ketones | ||||||||||
| 3-甲基-3-丁烯-2-酮 3-Buten-2-one, 3-methyl- | C5H8O | 1.97 | — | — | — | 1.41 | — | — | ||
| 5H-呋喃-2-酮2(5H)-Furanone | C4H4O2 | 5.18 | 0.43 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 环己酮Cyclohexanone | C6H10O | 5.62 | — | — | — | — | — | 8.49 | ||
| 环戊酮Cyclopentanone | C5H8O | 5.92 | — | — | — | 1.16 | — | — | ||
| 反,反-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮3,5-Octadien-2-one, (E,E)- | C8H12O | 6.17 | — | 1.93 | — | — | 0.46 | 1.33 | ||
| 3,5-辛二烯-2-酮3,5-Octadien-2-one | C8H12O | 6.56 | 0.84 | — | 1.67 | 0.49 | — | — | ||
| 甲基庚烯酮5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl- | C8H14O | 7.75 | — | — | — | — | 0.36 | 0.44 | ||
| 香叶基丙酮 5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 2,10-dimethyl-, (E)- | C13H22O | 8.31 | — | — | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.26 | — | ||
| 蒿酮1,5-Heptadien-4-one, 3,3,6-trimethyl- | C10H16O | 8.72 | 0.40 | — | — | 0.82 | — | 4.13 | ||
| 2-甲基-4,6-辛基-3-酮 4,6-Octadiyn-3-one, 2-methyl- | C9H10O | 8.72 | — | — | 2.30 | — | — | — | ||
| 苯乙酮Acetophenone | C8H8O | 10.32 | — | — | 0.78 | 0.55 | 1.25 | 0.87 | ||
| 5-甲基-4-己烯-3-酮 4-Hexen-3-one, 5-methyl- | C7H12O | 11.90 | — | 0.52 | — | 0.95 | 0.53 | 1.35 | ||
| 2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基-4(H)-吡喃-4-酮 | C6H8O4 | 13.19 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.18 | ||
| 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- | ||||||||||
| 2-丙基环己酮Cyclohexanone, 2-propyl- | C9H16O | 16.89 | 0.49 | — | 1.51 | 1.42 | 1.77 | 1.42 | ||
| β-紫罗酮trans-.beta.-Ionone | C13H20O | 19.64 | — | — | — | — | 0.25 | 0.19 | ||
| 2-环己烷基环己酮 [1,1'-Bicyclohexyl]-2-one | C10H18O3 | 19.67 | — | — | 5.33 | 2.55 | 4.74 | 1.35 | ||
| 2-叔-丁基环己酮2-tert-Butylcyclohexanone | C10H18O | 21.64 | — | — | 0.85 | 0.46 | — | — | ||
| 丁基环己酮2-sec-Butylcyclohexanone | C10H18O | 24.95 | — | — | — | 0.48 | — | — | ||
| 6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl- | C18H36O | 28.93 | 0.38 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 酯类Esters | ||||||||||
| 甲酸己酯Formic acid, hexyl ester | C7H14O2 | 1.19 | — | — | — | 2.35 | — | — | ||
| 乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetate | C4H8O2 | 2.61 | — | — | — | — | 1.50 | — | ||
| 挥发性物质 Volatile matter | 化学式 Chemical formula | 保留时间 Retention time/min | 相对含量 Relative content/% | |||||||
| CK1 | CK2 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |||||
| 异硫氰酸甲酯Methane, isothiocyanato- | C2H3NS | 4.89 | — | 5.89 | — | — | 3.66 | 9.67 | ||
| 硫氰酸甲酯Thiocyanic acid, methyl ester | C2H3NS | 5.26 | 1.34 | — | 5.84 | — | 1.82 | — | ||
| 1-乙基-1-甲基丙-2-炔基氨基甲酸酯 | C7H11NO2 | 5.41 | — | — | — | — | 4.82 | — | ||
| 1-Pentyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-, carbamate | ||||||||||
| 丙酸-4-己基-1-酯 Propanoic acid, 4-hexen-1-yl ester | C9H16O2 | 5.69 | — | — | — | — | — | 6.93 | ||
| 顺式-3-己烯醇甲酸酯 3-Hexen-1-ol, formate, (Z)- | C7H12O2 | 8.47 | 1.91 | 12.49 | 16.75 | — | — | — | ||
| 己基硫醇酯Hexanethioic acid, S-propyl ester | C9H18OS | 9.39 | — | — | — | — | 0.34 | 0.43 | ||
| 2-甲基-2-丁酸-2-甲丙酯 | C9H16O2 | 9.48 | 1.49 | 3.98 | 2.00 | 1.27 | — | 2.49 | ||
| 2-Butenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylpropyl ester | ||||||||||
| 己酸甲硫醇酯Hexanethioic acid, S-methyl ester | C7H14OS | 14.79 | 0.32 | 0.32 | — | 0.37 | — | — | ||
| 甲酸辛酯Formic acid, octyl ester | C9H18O2 | 14.90 | 1.73 | 1.13 | 0.91 | 2.12 | 2.24 | — | ||
| 水杨酸甲酯Methyl salicylate | C8H8O3 | 23.68 | — | — | — | 0.22 | — | — | ||
| 十二醇酯 | C12H24O3 | 29.16 | — | — | — | 0.30 | — | — | ||
| Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl ester | ||||||||||
| 烃类Hydrocarbon | ||||||||||
| 正丙基环戊烷Cyclopentane, propyl- | C8H16 | 1.52 | 1.59 | 1.79 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1,3-二甲基苯Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl- | C8H10 | 7.16 | 0.58 | 1.76 | 3.42 | 1.33 | — | 2.62 | ||
| 正十二烷Dodecane | C12H26 | 7.29 | — | — | 0.81 | — | 0.36 | 0.43 | ||
| 3-乙基-1,5-辛二烯3-Ethyl-1,5-octadiene | C10H18 | 8.08 | — | — | 2.32 | — | 3.21 | 1.27 | ||
| 反式-3-乙基-2-甲基己烷-1,3-二烯 | C9H16 | 8.79 | — | — | — | — | 0.62 | — | ||
| 1,3-Hexadiene, 3-ethyl-2-methyl- | ||||||||||
| 3,3,5-三甲基己-1-烯 1-Hexene, 3,3,5-trimethyl- | C9H18 | 9.65 | — | — | 2.29 | — | 1.98 | — | ||
| 1-乙基-2-甲基环戊烯 Methyl ethyl cyclopentene | C8H14 | 11.46 | 2.40 | 2.87 | — | 2.30 | 2.18 | 3.28 | ||
| 乙基环戊烷Cyclopentane, ethyl- | C7H14 | 13.72 | — | — | 1.92 | — | — | — | ||
| 戊基环丙烷Cyclopropane, pentyl- | C8H16 | 14.20 | — | — | 0.68 | — | — | 0.52 | ||
| 4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己烯 | C10H16 | 15.20 | 0.49 | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.37 | 0.27 | — | ||
| Cyclohexene, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethenyl)- | ||||||||||
| 十三(碳)烷Tridecane | C13H28 | 15.71 | 0.36 | 0.35 | — | — | — | 0.44 | ||
| 2,4-辛二烯2,4-Octadiene | C8H14 | 16.34 | — | — | 3.34 | — | — | — | ||
| 正十六烷Hexadecane | C16H34 | 16.35 | — | — | — | — | 0.32 | — | ||
| 2-甲基双环[2.2.2]辛烷 Bicyclo [2.2.2]octane, 2-methyl- | C9H16 | 17.84 | — | — | — | 0.49 | — | — | ||
| 4,5-二乙基-3,5-辛二烯 3,5-Octadiene, 4,5-diethyl- | C14H30 | 20.15 | — | — | 0.55 | 0.33 | 1.43 | 0.26 | ||
| 十四烷Tetradecane | C14H30 | 20.20 | 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.51 | ||
| 2,6,10-三甲基十三烷 2,6,10-Trimethyltridecane | C16H34 | 21.18 | 0.28 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 十五烷Pentadecane | C15H32 | 22.16 | 0.29 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 4-乙基-3-壬烯-5-炔 3-Nonen-5-yne, 4-ethyl- | C11H18 | 24.41 | — | 0.88 | — | 1.56 | — | — | ||
| 4,5-二乙基-3,5-辛二烯 3,5-Octadiene, 4,5-diethyl- | C12H22 | 25.65 | — | — | — | 0.37 | — | — | ||
| 醇类Alcohols | ||||||||||
| 2,6-辛二烯-4,5-二元醇 2,6-Octadiene-4,5-diol | C8H14O2 | 2.26 | — | — | 0.51 | — | — | — | ||
| 4-甲基-1-戊炔-1-醇 1-Pentyn-1-ol, 4-methyl- | C6H10O | 5.41 | — | — | — | — | 4.35 | — | ||
| 反式-3-甲基-2,4-戊二烯-1-醇 | C6H10O | 5.42 | — | — | — | — | — | 8.23 | ||
| 3-Methylpenta-1,3-diene-5-ol, (E)- | ||||||||||
| 2-环己烯-1-醇2-Cyclohexen-1-ol | C6H10O | 5.50 | — | — | — | — | — | 2.56 | ||
| 1-己醇1-Hexanol | C6H14O | 8.85 | 3.90 | 4.76 | 3.74 | — | — | — | ||
| 反-3-己烯醇3-Hexen-1-ol, (E)- | C6H12O | 9.07 | — | 22.55 | 17.88 | 12.47 | — | — | ||
| 4-甲基正己醇1-Hexanol, 4-methyl- | C7H16O | 9.46 | — | — | — | 18.64 | — | — | ||
| 6-十一醇6-Undecanol | C11H24O | 11.35 | — | — | — | — | 1.59 | 1.36 | ||
| 烯醇1,2-Ethanediol, 1,2-di-1-cyclopenten-1-yl- | C12H18O2 | 11.57 | — | — | — | — | 0.76 | — | ||
| 硫化物Sulfide | ||||||||||
| 磺酰基二甲烷Dimethyl sulfone | C2H6O2S | 4.07 | — | 2.54 | 1.59 | — | — | 6.41 | ||
| 2-乙基噻吩Thiophene, 2-ethyl- | C6H8S | 4.98 | — | — | — | — | 1.96 | 0.73 | ||
| 挥发性物质 Volatile matter | 化学式 Chemical formula | 保留时间 Retention time/min | 相对含量 Relative content/% | |||||||
| CK1 | CK2 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |||||
| 2-甲基四氢噻吩2-Methylthiolane, S,S-dioxide | C5H10O2S | 5.70 | — | — | — | — | 9.37 | — | ||
| 二甲基三硫化物Dimethyl trisulfide | C2H6S3 | 9.06 | 28.12 | 16.59 | 8.17 | 12.73 | 1.43 | 1.28 | ||
| 2,3,5-三硫代己烷Disulfide, methyl (methylthio)methyl | C3H8S3 | 9.73 | 0.37 | — | — | 0.33 | — | 0.70 | ||
| 甲基异戊基二硫化物Disulfide, isopentyl methyl | C6H14S2 | 14.38 | 0.28 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 二甲基四硫醚 Tetrasulfide, dimethyl | C2H6S4 | 18.13 | 11.32 | 3.38 | 0.38 | 1.32 | 2.20 | 16.84 | ||
| 2,4,5-三硫代己烷-2,2-二氧化物 | C3H8O2S3 | 21.94 | 0.51 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2,4,5-Trithiahexane 2,2-dioxide | ||||||||||
| 氮化物Nitrides | ||||||||||
| 乙酸铵Ammonium acetate | C2H7NO2 | 3.65 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.28 | ||
| 2-氨基咪唑1H-Imidazol-2-amine | C3H5N3 | 5.16 | — | 2.97 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 异己腈Isoamyl cyanide | C6H11N | 5.76 | — | — | — | — | 7.70 | — | ||
| N-亚甲基-乙胺Ethanamine, N-methylene- | C3H7N | 9.38 | — | — | — | 1.24 | — | — | ||
| 呋甲苯丙胺Furfurylmethylamphetamine | C15H19NO | 9.55 | 0.67 | 0.86 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 4-羟基吡啶4-Pyridinol | C5H5NO | 11.33 | — | — | 0.43 | — | — | — | ||
| 5H-四唑-5-胺5H-Tetrazol-5-amine | CH3N5 | 12.69 | — | — | — | — | 0.26 | — | ||
| 1-异氰基-2-甲苯Benzene, 1-isocyano-2-methyl- | C8H7N | 13.30 | — | — | — | — | 0.42 | — | ||
| 5-甲基黄酰戊腈Pentanenitrile, 5-(methylthio)- | C6H11NS | 14.67 | 0.79 | — | — | 0.70 | 0.33 | — | ||
| 3-苯基丙腈Benzenepropanenitrile | C9H9N | 15.50 | 0.89 | 0.71 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.52 | 1.59 | ||
| 1-异氰基-3-甲苯 Benzene, 1-isocyano-3-methyl- | C8H7N | 19.70 | — | 0.42 | 0.53 | 0.57 | — | 0.58 | ||
| 4-甲苯基异腈Benzene, 1-isocyano-4-methyl- | C8H7N | 19.84 | 0.49 | 0.39 | — | 0.59 | — | — | ||
| 呋喃类Furan | ||||||||||
| 2-正戊基呋喃Furan, 2-pentyl- | C9H14O | 7.70 | — | 0.80 | — | — | 0.75 | 0.70 | ||
| 顺式-2-戊烯基呋喃cis-2-(2-Pentenyl)furan | C9H12O | 7.85 | 0.43 | — | — | 0.27 | — | — | ||
| 2-乙基-5-甲基呋喃Furan, 2-ethyl-5-methyl- | C7H10O | 8.35 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.46 | ||
| 2-乙基呋喃Furan, 2-ethyl- | C6H8O | 9.71 | 1.60 | 5.96 | 7.72 | 4.59 | 4.74 | 5.89 | ||
| 2-(2-丙烯基)-呋喃 Furan, 2-(2-propenyl)- | C7H8O | 12.53 | — | — | 0.69 | — | 0.44 | 0.46 | ||
| 2-丁基四氢呋喃Furan, 2-butyltetrahydro- | C8H16O | 14.84 | — | 0.29 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2-N-已基呋喃Furan, 2-hexyl- | C10H16O | 24.34 | 2.73 | — | — | 2.43 | — | — | ||
| 其他 Others | ||||||||||
| 反式-2-己烯酸2-Hexenoic acid, (E)- | C6H10O2 | 1.28 | — | — | — | — | 0.25 | 0.65 | ||
| 1-甲基-1,2-环氧环己烷 7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1-methyl- | C7H12O | 1.52 | — | 1.52 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 醋酸Acetic acid | C2H4O2 | 3.67 | — | 0.57 | — | — | 0.29 | — | ||
| 丙酸酐Propanoic acid, anhydride | C6H10O3 | 3.77 | — | — | 3.17 | 1.88 | 1.32 | 4.46 | ||
| 2-甲基戊酸酐 Pentanoic acid, 2-methyl-, anhydride | C12H22O3 | 8.61 | 0.74 | 2.39 | — | 2.75 | 1.56 | 1.63 | ||
| 己酸Hexanoic acid | C6H12O2 | 9.20 | — | — | — | — | — | 1.15 | ||
| 戊酸酐Valeric anhydride | C10H18O3 | 16.47 | 0.42 | — | 1.35 | — | 0.50 | 1.13 | ||
| 邻苯二甲醚Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy- | C8H10O2 | 16.82 | 0.42 | 0.75 | 0.92 | 0.85 | 0.57 | 0.67 | ||
| 1-乙酰基-1-环己烯 Ethanone, 1-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)- | C8H12O | 17.84 | — | — | 0.43 | — | — | — | ||
| α-环氧蒎2,7,7-trimethyl-3-Oxatricyclo[4.1.1.0(2,4)]octane | C10H16O | 19.19 | 0.43 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 4-仲丁基苯酚Phenol, 4-(1-methylpropyl)- | C10H14O | 20.58 | 1.88 | 1.69 | 2.81 | — | 1.81 | 1.15 | ||
| 二氧化二聚环戊二烯 Dicyclopentadiene diepoxide | C10H12O2 | 21.30 | 0.34 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 异戊酸酐2-Methylbutanoic anhydride | C10H18O3 | 23.27 | — | — | — | 0.37 | — | — | ||
| 2-仲-丁基苯酚Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)- | C10H14O | 27.60 | — | — | — | 1.26 | — | — | ||
| 成分Component | 香味Aroma | CK1 | CK2 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 反-2-已烯醛 (E)-2-Hexenal | 果香Fruity | — | — | — | — | — | 7.79 |
| 壬醛Nonanal | 果香和花香Fruity and floral | 8.78 | 6.14 | 9.11 | 15.39 | 12.32 | 4.59 |
| 香叶基丙酮(E) 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-one | 果香和蜡香Fruity and waxy | — | — | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.26 | — |
| β-紫罗酮beta-Ionone | 花香Floral | — | — | — | — | 0.25 | 0.19 |
| 水杨酸甲酯Methyl salicylate | 青草香Green | — | — | — | 0.22 | — | — |
| 总量Total content/% | 8.78 | 6.14 | 9.50 | 16.00 | 12.83 | 12.57 |
表5 不同处理下松花菜花球特征香气成分及其含量
Table 5 Analysis of characteristic aroma components and their contents in cauliflower under different treatments
| 成分Component | 香味Aroma | CK1 | CK2 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 反-2-已烯醛 (E)-2-Hexenal | 果香Fruity | — | — | — | — | — | 7.79 |
| 壬醛Nonanal | 果香和花香Fruity and floral | 8.78 | 6.14 | 9.11 | 15.39 | 12.32 | 4.59 |
| 香叶基丙酮(E) 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-one | 果香和蜡香Fruity and waxy | — | — | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.26 | — |
| β-紫罗酮beta-Ionone | 花香Floral | — | — | — | — | 0.25 | 0.19 |
| 水杨酸甲酯Methyl salicylate | 青草香Green | — | — | — | 0.22 | — | — |
| 总量Total content/% | 8.78 | 6.14 | 9.50 | 16.00 | 12.83 | 12.57 |
图1 不同处理下松花菜花球中各类挥发性物质的种类(a)及其相对含量(b) A,醛类;B,酮类;C,酯类;D,烃类;E,醇类;F,硫化物;G,氮化物;H,呋喃类;I,其他。
Fig.1 Number (a) and contents (b) of various categories of volatile compounds in cauliflower under different treatments A, Aldehydes; B, Ketones; C, Esters; D, Hydrocarbons; E, Alcohols; F, Sulfides; G, Nitrides; H, Furans; I, Others.
| 主成分 Principal component | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 贡献率 Contribution rate/% | 累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.00 | 44.42 | 44.42 |
| 2 | 4.46 | 24.80 | 69.22 |
| 3 | 3.05 | 16.93 | 86.15 |
| 4 | 1.51 | 8.41 | 94.56 |
| 5 | 0.98 | 5.44 | 100 |
表6 主成分的特征值和贡献率
Table 6 Eigenvalue and contribution rate of principal components
| 主成分 Principal component | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 贡献率 Contribution rate/% | 累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.00 | 44.42 | 44.42 |
| 2 | 4.46 | 24.80 | 69.22 |
| 3 | 3.05 | 16.93 | 86.15 |
| 4 | 1.51 | 8.41 | 94.56 |
| 5 | 0.98 | 5.44 | 100 |
| 指标Index | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 可溶性蛋白Soluble protein | 0.573 | 0.087 | 0.134 |
| 可溶性糖Soluble sugar | 0.793 | -0.072 | 0.248 |
| VC | 0.868 | 0.198 | 0.100 |
| 硝酸盐Nitrate | -0.131 | 0.582 | -0.105 |
| 有机酸Organic acid | 0.314 | 0.646 | -0.667 |
| Ca | 0.749 | -0.185 | 0.612 |
| Mg | 0.830 | 0.021 | -0.112 |
| Fe | 0.983 | -0.044 | 0.160 |
| Zn | 0.515 | 0.177 | 0.133 |
| Mn | 0.813 | -0.053 | 0.321 |
| 醛类数量Number of aldehyde | -0.225 | -0.954 | 0.037 |
| 醛类含量Content of aldehyde | -0.198 | 0.873 | -0.074 |
| 酮类数量Number of ketones | 0.903 | 0.205 | -0.337 |
| 酮类含量Content of ketones | 0.670 | 0.114 | -0.633 |
| 硫化物数量Number of sulfide | 0.265 | -0.855 | -0.186 |
| 硫化物含量Content of sulfide | -0.268 | -0.890 | -0.030 |
| 氮化物数量Number of nitrides | 0.056 | 0.110 | 0.904 |
| 氮化物含量Content of nitrides | 0.277 | 0.048 | 0.907 |
表7 主成分载荷矩阵
Table 7 Principal component load matrix
| 指标Index | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 可溶性蛋白Soluble protein | 0.573 | 0.087 | 0.134 |
| 可溶性糖Soluble sugar | 0.793 | -0.072 | 0.248 |
| VC | 0.868 | 0.198 | 0.100 |
| 硝酸盐Nitrate | -0.131 | 0.582 | -0.105 |
| 有机酸Organic acid | 0.314 | 0.646 | -0.667 |
| Ca | 0.749 | -0.185 | 0.612 |
| Mg | 0.830 | 0.021 | -0.112 |
| Fe | 0.983 | -0.044 | 0.160 |
| Zn | 0.515 | 0.177 | 0.133 |
| Mn | 0.813 | -0.053 | 0.321 |
| 醛类数量Number of aldehyde | -0.225 | -0.954 | 0.037 |
| 醛类含量Content of aldehyde | -0.198 | 0.873 | -0.074 |
| 酮类数量Number of ketones | 0.903 | 0.205 | -0.337 |
| 酮类含量Content of ketones | 0.670 | 0.114 | -0.633 |
| 硫化物数量Number of sulfide | 0.265 | -0.855 | -0.186 |
| 硫化物含量Content of sulfide | -0.268 | -0.890 | -0.030 |
| 氮化物数量Number of nitrides | 0.056 | 0.110 | 0.904 |
| 氮化物含量Content of nitrides | 0.277 | 0.048 | 0.907 |
| 处理 Treatment | F1 | F2 | F3 | F | 排序 Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | -1.488 | -1.181 | -0.074 | -2.743 | 6 |
| CK2 | -0.879 | -0.009 | 0.398 | -0.490 | 4 |
| T1 | -0.927 | 0.914 | -0.760 | -0.773 | 5 |
| T2 | 1.084 | 0.646 | 0.052 | 1.782 | 2 |
| T3 | 1.062 | 0.473 | 0.777 | 2.312 | 1 |
| T4 | 1.147 | -0.167 | -0.398 | 0.582 | 3 |
表8 各处理的综合得分与排序
Table 8 Comprehensive score and ranking of different treatments
| 处理 Treatment | F1 | F2 | F3 | F | 排序 Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | -1.488 | -1.181 | -0.074 | -2.743 | 6 |
| CK2 | -0.879 | -0.009 | 0.398 | -0.490 | 4 |
| T1 | -0.927 | 0.914 | -0.760 | -0.773 | 5 |
| T2 | 1.084 | 0.646 | 0.052 | 1.782 | 2 |
| T3 | 1.062 | 0.473 | 0.777 | 2.312 | 1 |
| T4 | 1.147 | -0.167 | -0.398 | 0.582 | 3 |
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