有机肥与化肥配施对松花菜花球营养品质和挥发性物质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.07.06

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 1199-1211.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.07.06

有机肥与化肥配施对松花菜花球营养品质和挥发性物质的影响

李菊¹(), 颉博杰¹, 魏守辉¹, 张国斌¹, 武玥¹, 唐中祺¹, 肖雪梅¹^,²^,^*(), 郁继华¹^,²

1.甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2020-12-09 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-08-06
通讯作者: 肖雪梅
作者简介:*肖雪梅,E-mail: xiaoxm@gsau.edu.cn
李菊(1996—),女,甘肃平凉人,硕士,主要从事蔬菜栽培生理生态研究。E-mail: 1790017646@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201205);中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZCYD-2020-5);甘肃农业大学科技创新基金(国重实验室开放基金)(GSCS-2020-12);甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR10RA513)

Effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on nutritional quality and volatile compounds of cauliflower

LI Ju¹(), XIE Bojie¹, WEI Shouhui¹, ZHANG Guobin¹, WU Yue¹, TANG Zhongqi¹, XIAO Xuemei¹^,²^,^*(), YU Jihua¹^,²

1. College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Key Laboratory of Crops in Drought Habitat of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2020-12-09 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-08-06
Contact: XIAO Xuemei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以松花菜品种力禾青梗100天为材料,设置CK1(不施肥)、CK2(常规施肥)、T1(平衡施肥)、T2(平衡施肥+3 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥)、T3(平衡施肥+6 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥)和T4(平衡施肥+12 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥)6个处理,研究不同处理对松花菜花球营养品质和挥发性物质数量与含量的影响。结果表明:相比CK2,生物有机肥配施化肥(T2~T4处理)有助于提高松花菜花球营养物质含量和挥发性物质的数量与含量。与CK2相比,T3处理下松花菜花球的维生素C含量显著(P<0.05)提高17.6%;T2和T3处理下松花菜花球中的Ca含量分别显著(P<0.05)提高14.3%和36.8%。T2、T3、T4处理下松花菜花球中的挥发性物质数量分别比CK2增加8、12、13种,酮类物质含量较CK2分别增加3.4、2.9和7.1倍。另外,与CK2相比,T2和T3处理下松花菜花球中具有青香、果香和花香味的特征性挥发性物质种类和含量增加。基于营养品质指标和挥发性物质指标的主成分分析综合评价结果显示,6个处理的得分从高到低依次为T3>T2>T4>CK2>T1>CK1。在本试验条件下,较常规施肥化肥减量30%的平衡施肥方案配施6 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥处理下松花菜花球的综合品质最优。

关键词: 松花菜, 化肥减施, 生物有机肥, 营养品质, 挥发性物质

Abstract:

In the present study, the cauliflower cultivar Lihe Qinggeng 100 days was used as the experiment material, and six fertilization treatments were set as follows: CK1, no fertilization; CK2, conventional fertilization; T1, balanced fertilization; T2, balanced fertilization+3 000 kg·hm^-2 bio-organic fertilizer; T3, balanced fertilization+6 000 kg·hm^-2 bio-organic fertilizer; T4, balanced fertilization+12 000 kg·hm^-2 bio-organic fertilizer. The effects of different treatments on nutritional quality and volatile compounds quantity and content of cauliflower were studied. The results showed that compared with CK2, application of bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer could increase nutrients contents and volatile compounds in cauliflower. Compared with CK2, vitamin C content under T3 treatment was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 17.6%. Ca content under T2 and T3 treatments was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 14.3% and 36.8%, respectively. Compared with CK2, T2, T3 and T4 treatments increased the number of volatile compound types in cauliflower by 8, 12 and 13, respectively, and the contents of ketones under these treatments were increased by 3.4, 2.9 and 7.1 times, respectively. In addition, T2 and T3 treatments increased the types and contents of characteristic volatile compounds with green, fruity and floral flavor. The comprehensive evaluation results based on the principal component analysis of nutritional quality indexes and volatile compounds showed that the scores decreased as T3>T2>T4>CK2>T1>CK1. Therefore, balanced fertilization+6 000 kg·hm^-2 bio-organic fertilizer was the most appropriate fertilizer mode under the experiment conditions.

Key words: cauliflower, chemical fertilizer reduction, bio-organic fertilizer, quality, volatile compounds

中图分类号:

李菊, 颉博杰, 魏守辉, 张国斌, 武玥, 唐中祺, 肖雪梅, 郁继华. 有机肥与化肥配施对松花菜花球营养品质和挥发性物质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(7): 1199-1211.

LI Ju, XIE Bojie, WEI Shouhui, ZHANG Guobin, WU Yue, TANG Zhongqi, XIAO Xuemei, YU Jihua. Effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on nutritional quality and volatile compounds of cauliflower[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(7): 1199-1211.

图/表 9

参考文献 38

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处理 Treatment	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein/ (mg·g^-1)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/ %	有机酸 Organic acid/ (mg·g^-1)	维生素C Vitamin C/ (mg·kg^-1)	硝酸盐 Nitrate/ (mg·g^-1)
CK1	1.69±0.01 b	2.99±0.11 a	2.73±0.15 b	450.0±45.2 c	935.31±12.66 b
CK2	1.81±0.01 ab	3.30±0.22 a	2.77±0.23 b	509.7±17.8 bc	1 001.10±16.75 a
T1	1.75±0.03 ab	3.10±0.37 a	3.37±0.07 a	510.6±10.3 bc	990.13±22.83 a
T2	1.81±0.05 ab	3.43±0.30 a	3.33±0.09 a	584.9±36.0 ab	986.48±7.31 ab
T3	1.82±0.04 ab	3.69±0.43 a	2.80±0.17 b	599.5±18.6 a	964.55±13.18 ab
T4	1.84±0.07 a	3.64±0.19 a	3.13±0.20 ab	592.3±7.1 ab	975.51±19.34 ab

处理 Treatment	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein/ (mg·g^-1)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/ %	有机酸 Organic acid/ (mg·g^-1)	维生素C Vitamin C/ (mg·kg^-1)	硝酸盐 Nitrate/ (mg·g^-1)
CK1	1.69±0.01 b	2.99±0.11 a	2.73±0.15 b	450.0±45.2 c	935.31±12.66 b
CK2	1.81±0.01 ab	3.30±0.22 a	2.77±0.23 b	509.7±17.8 bc	1 001.10±16.75 a
T1	1.75±0.03 ab	3.10±0.37 a	3.37±0.07 a	510.6±10.3 bc	990.13±22.83 a
T2	1.81±0.05 ab	3.43±0.30 a	3.33±0.09 a	584.9±36.0 ab	986.48±7.31 ab
T3	1.82±0.04 ab	3.69±0.43 a	2.80±0.17 b	599.5±18.6 a	964.55±13.18 ab
T4	1.84±0.07 a	3.64±0.19 a	3.13±0.20 ab	592.3±7.1 ab	975.51±19.34 ab

处理Treatment	Ca	Mg	Fe	Mn	Zn
CK1	895.80±3.59 bc	1 611.20±23.11 a	112.47±8.45 b	8.64±0.20 b	44.85±0.18 b
CK2	850.53±23.13 cd	1 625.40±33.03 a	106.90±7.10 b	9.37±0.41 ab	52.32±1.82 a
T1	760.00±60.48 d	1 611.60±33.31 a	108.77±4.81 b	8.21±0.46 b	49.43±4.17 ab
T2	972.33±48.90 b	1 725.20±59.76 a	126.26±5.24 a	10.80±0.27 a	51.75±0.48 a
T3	1 163.93±9.65 a	1 654.00±34.10 a	126.56±0.74 a	10.30±0.80 a	52.95±1.08 a
T4	955.33±20.42 bc	1 700.20±54.68 a	123.66±3.24 a	10.19±0.40 a	53.56±0.86 a

处理Treatment	Ca	Mg	Fe	Mn	Zn
CK1	895.80±3.59 bc	1 611.20±23.11 a	112.47±8.45 b	8.64±0.20 b	44.85±0.18 b
CK2	850.53±23.13 cd	1 625.40±33.03 a	106.90±7.10 b	9.37±0.41 ab	52.32±1.82 a
T1	760.00±60.48 d	1 611.60±33.31 a	108.77±4.81 b	8.21±0.46 b	49.43±4.17 ab
T2	972.33±48.90 b	1 725.20±59.76 a	126.26±5.24 a	10.80±0.27 a	51.75±0.48 a
T3	1 163.93±9.65 a	1 654.00±34.10 a	126.56±0.74 a	10.30±0.80 a	52.95±1.08 a
T4	955.33±20.42 bc	1 700.20±54.68 a	123.66±3.24 a	10.19±0.40 a	53.56±0.86 a

挥发性物质 Volatile matter	化学式 Chemical formula	保留时间 Retention time/min	相对含量 Relative content/%
挥发性物质 Volatile matter	化学式 Chemical formula	保留时间 Retention time/min	CK1	CK2	T1	T2	T3	T4
醛类Aldehyde
2-已烯醛2-Hexenal, (E)-	C₆H₁₀O	5.57	—	—	—	—	—	7.79
甲缩醛Methylal	C₃H₈O₂	7.80	—	—	—	0.55	—	—
甜瓜醛5-Heptenal, 2,6-dimethyl-	C₉H₁₆O	9.69	—	—	—	13.46	—	—
反式-2-辛烯 Cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-methylene-	C₈H₁₂O	13.14	0.79	—	—	—	—	—
环己基甲醛 Cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde	C₇H₁₂O	13.74	—	—	2.58	—	—	—
反式-4-庚醛4-Heptenal, (E)-	C₇H₁₂O	13.74	—	—	—	1.16	—	—
5-乙基环戊-1-烯醛 5-Ethylcyclopent-1-enecarboxaldehyde	C₈H₁₂O	8.79	—	—	—	—	0.33	0.51
4-甲基环己-3-烯乙醛 3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 4-methyl-	C₈H₁₂O	11.24	—	0.59	—	—	—	0.61
顺式-2-庚醛2-Heptenal, (Z)-	C₇H₁₂O	5.47	0.99	—	—	—	1.49	1.48
反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛2,4-Nonadienal, (E,E)-	C₉H₁₄O	16.10	0.38	—	—	—	—	0.19
反式-2-壬醛2-Nonenal, (E)-	C₉H₁₆O	17.41	—	—	1.17	—	1.14	—
苯甲醛Benzaldehyde	C₇H₆O	4.85	1.33	2.17	—	—	1.28	1.63
正辛醛Octanal	C₈H₁₆O	9.49	0.32	0.42	—	—	0.68	0.44
反式-2-癸烯醛2-Decenal, (E)-	C₁₀H₁₈O	19.19	0.38	0.29	—	—	—	—
2-十一碳烯醛2-Undecenal	C₁₁H₂₀O	21.84	0.38	0.38	—	—	—	—
2-甲基-2-戊烯醛2-Pentenal, 2-methyl-	C₆H₁₀O	13.58	0.53	—	1.42	—	—	—
十五烷醛Pentadecanal	C₁₅H₃₀O	27.37	0.39	0.48	—	—	—	—
反,反-2,4-庚二烯醛2,4-Heptadienal, (E,E)-	C₇H₁₀O	12.81	5.48	6.69	12.71	7.37	6.35	6.63
反式-2-辛烯醛2-Octenal, (E)-	C₈H₁₄O	13.83	1.57	2.35	2.82	1.70	1.58	1.77
苯乙醛Benzeneacetaldehyde	C₈H₈O	14.08	0.82	1.15	1.32	0.57	0.93	0.86
壬醛Nonanal	C₉H₁₈O	14.46	8.78	6.14	9.11	15.39	12.32	4.59
3-乙基苯甲醛Benzaldehyde, 3-ethyl-	C₉H₁₀O	17.25	1.83	1.56	3.30	2.24	1.97	1.68
癸醛Decanal	C₁₀H₂₀O	17.42	0.82	0.76	1.99	0.96	0.93	0.65
反式-2,4-癸二烯醛2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)-	C₁₀H₁₆O	21.24	2.92	2.91	5.95	0.57	3.97	2.85
酮类Ketones
3-甲基-3-丁烯-2-酮 3-Buten-2-one, 3-methyl-	C₅H₈O	1.97	—	—	—	1.41	—	—
5H-呋喃-2-酮2(5H)-Furanone	C₄H₄O₂	5.18	0.43	—	—	—	—	—
环己酮Cyclohexanone	C₆H₁₀O	5.62	—	—	—	—	—	8.49
环戊酮Cyclopentanone	C₅H₈O	5.92	—	—	—	1.16	—	—
反,反-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮3,5-Octadien-2-one, (E,E)-	C₈H₁₂O	6.17	—	1.93	—	—	0.46	1.33
3,5-辛二烯-2-酮3,5-Octadien-2-one	C₈H₁₂O	6.56	0.84	—	1.67	0.49	—	—
甲基庚烯酮5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl-	C₈H₁₄O	7.75	—	—	—	—	0.36	0.44
香叶基丙酮 5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 2,10-dimethyl-, (E)-	C₁₃H₂₂O	8.31	—	—	0.39	0.39	0.26	—
蒿酮1,5-Heptadien-4-one, 3,3,6-trimethyl-	C₁₀H₁₆O	8.72	0.40	—	—	0.82	—	4.13
2-甲基-4,6-辛基-3-酮 4,6-Octadiyn-3-one, 2-methyl-	C₉H₁₀O	8.72	—	—	2.30	—	—	—
苯乙酮Acetophenone	C₈H₈O	10.32	—	—	0.78	0.55	1.25	0.87
5-甲基-4-己烯-3-酮 4-Hexen-3-one, 5-methyl-	C₇H₁₂O	11.90	—	0.52	—	0.95	0.53	1.35
2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基-4(H)-吡喃-4-酮	C₆H₈O₄	13.19	—	—	—	—	—	0.18
4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-
2-丙基环己酮Cyclohexanone, 2-propyl-	C₉H₁₆O	16.89	0.49	—	1.51	1.42	1.77	1.42
β-紫罗酮trans-.beta.-Ionone	C₁₃H₂₀O	19.64	—	—	—	—	0.25	0.19
2-环己烷基环己酮 [1,1'-Bicyclohexyl]-2-one	C₁₀H₁₈O₃	19.67	—	—	5.33	2.55	4.74	1.35
2-叔-丁基环己酮2-tert-Butylcyclohexanone	C₁₀H₁₈O	21.64	—	—	0.85	0.46	—	—
丁基环己酮2-sec-Butylcyclohexanone	C₁₀H₁₈O	24.95	—	—	—	0.48	—	—
6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl-	C₁₈H₃₆O	28.93	0.38	—	—	—	—	—
酯类Esters
甲酸己酯Formic acid, hexyl ester	C₇H₁₄O₂	1.19	—	—	—	2.35	—	—
乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetate	C₄H₈O₂	2.61	—	—	—	—	1.50	—
挥发性物质 Volatile matter	化学式 Chemical formula	保留时间 Retention time/min	相对含量 Relative content/%
挥发性物质 Volatile matter	化学式 Chemical formula	保留时间 Retention time/min	CK1	CK2	T1	T2	T3	T4
异硫氰酸甲酯Methane, isothiocyanato-	C₂H₃NS	4.89	—	5.89	—	—	3.66	9.67
硫氰酸甲酯Thiocyanic acid, methyl ester	C₂H₃NS	5.26	1.34	—	5.84	—	1.82	—
1-乙基-1-甲基丙-2-炔基氨基甲酸酯	C₇H₁₁NO₂	5.41	—	—	—	—	4.82	—
1-Pentyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-, carbamate
丙酸-4-己基-1-酯 Propanoic acid, 4-hexen-1-yl ester	C₉H₁₆O₂	5.69	—	—	—	—	—	6.93
顺式-3-己烯醇甲酸酯 3-Hexen-1-ol, formate, (Z)-	C₇H₁₂O₂	8.47	1.91	12.49	16.75	—	—	—
己基硫醇酯Hexanethioic acid, S-propyl ester	C₉H₁₈OS	9.39	—	—	—	—	0.34	0.43
2-甲基-2-丁酸-2-甲丙酯	C₉H₁₆O₂	9.48	1.49	3.98	2.00	1.27	—	2.49
2-Butenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylpropyl ester
己酸甲硫醇酯Hexanethioic acid, S-methyl ester	C₇H₁₄OS	14.79	0.32	0.32	—	0.37	—	—
甲酸辛酯Formic acid, octyl ester	C₉H₁₈O₂	14.90	1.73	1.13	0.91	2.12	2.24	—
水杨酸甲酯Methyl salicylate	C₈H₈O₃	23.68	—	—	—	0.22	—	—
十二醇酯	C₁₂H₂₄O₃	29.16	—	—	—	0.30	—	—
Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl ester
烃类Hydrocarbon
正丙基环戊烷Cyclopentane, propyl-	C₈H₁₆	1.52	1.59	1.79	—	—	—	—
1,3-二甲基苯Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl-	C₈H₁₀	7.16	0.58	1.76	3.42	1.33	—	2.62
正十二烷Dodecane	C₁₂H₂₆	7.29	—	—	0.81	—	0.36	0.43
3-乙基-1,5-辛二烯3-Ethyl-1,5-octadiene	C₁₀H₁₈	8.08	—	—	2.32	—	3.21	1.27
反式-3-乙基-2-甲基己烷-1,3-二烯	C₉H₁₆	8.79	—	—	—	—	0.62	—
1,3-Hexadiene, 3-ethyl-2-methyl-
3,3,5-三甲基己-1-烯 1-Hexene, 3,3,5-trimethyl-	C₉H₁₈	9.65	—	—	2.29	—	1.98	—
1-乙基-2-甲基环戊烯 Methyl ethyl cyclopentene	C₈H₁₄	11.46	2.40	2.87	—	2.30	2.18	3.28
乙基环戊烷Cyclopentane, ethyl-	C₇H₁₄	13.72	—	—	1.92	—	—	—
戊基环丙烷Cyclopropane, pentyl-	C₈H₁₆	14.20	—	—	0.68	—	—	0.52
4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己烯	C₁₀H₁₆	15.20	0.49	0.32	0.49	0.37	0.27	—
Cyclohexene, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethenyl)-
十三(碳)烷Tridecane	C₁₃H₂₈	15.71	0.36	0.35	—	—	—	0.44
2,4-辛二烯2,4-Octadiene	C₈H₁₄	16.34	—	—	3.34	—	—	—
正十六烷Hexadecane	C₁₆H₃₄	16.35	—	—	—	—	0.32	—
2-甲基双环[2.2.2]辛烷 Bicyclo [2.2.2]octane, 2-methyl-	C₉H₁₆	17.84	—	—	—	0.49	—	—
4,5-二乙基-3,5-辛二烯 3,5-Octadiene, 4,5-diethyl-	C₁₄H₃₀	20.15	—	—	0.55	0.33	1.43	0.26
十四烷Tetradecane	C₁₄H₃₀	20.20	0.52	0.48	0.50	0.27	0.30	0.51
2,6,10-三甲基十三烷 2,6,10-Trimethyltridecane	C₁₆H₃₄	21.18	0.28	—	—	—	—	—
十五烷Pentadecane	C₁₅H₃₂	22.16	0.29	—	—	—	—	—
4-乙基-3-壬烯-5-炔 3-Nonen-5-yne, 4-ethyl-	C₁₁H₁₈	24.41	—	0.88	—	1.56	—	—
4,5-二乙基-3,5-辛二烯 3,5-Octadiene, 4,5-diethyl-	C₁₂H₂₂	25.65	—	—	—	0.37	—	—
醇类Alcohols
2,6-辛二烯-4,5-二元醇 2,6-Octadiene-4,5-diol	C₈H₁₄O₂	2.26	—	—	0.51	—	—	—
4-甲基-1-戊炔-1-醇 1-Pentyn-1-ol, 4-methyl-	C₆H₁₀O	5.41	—	—	—	—	4.35	—
反式-3-甲基-2,4-戊二烯-1-醇	C₆H₁₀O	5.42	—	—	—	—	—	8.23
3-Methylpenta-1,3-diene-5-ol, (E)-
2-环己烯-1-醇2-Cyclohexen-1-ol	C₆H₁₀O	5.50	—	—	—	—	—	2.56
1-己醇1-Hexanol	C₆H₁₄O	8.85	3.90	4.76	3.74	—	—	—
反-3-己烯醇3-Hexen-1-ol, (E)-	C₆H₁₂O	9.07	—	22.55	17.88	12.47	—	—
4-甲基正己醇1-Hexanol, 4-methyl-	C₇H₁₆O	9.46	—	—	—	18.64	—	—
6-十一醇6-Undecanol	C₁₁H₂₄O	11.35	—	—	—	—	1.59	1.36
烯醇1,2-Ethanediol, 1,2-di-1-cyclopenten-1-yl-	C₁₂H₁₈O₂	11.57	—	—	—	—	0.76	—
硫化物Sulfide
磺酰基二甲烷Dimethyl sulfone	C₂H₆O₂S	4.07	—	2.54	1.59	—	—	6.41
2-乙基噻吩Thiophene, 2-ethyl-	C₆H₈S	4.98	—	—	—	—	1.96	0.73
挥发性物质 Volatile matter	化学式 Chemical formula	保留时间 Retention time/min	相对含量 Relative content/%
挥发性物质 Volatile matter	化学式 Chemical formula	保留时间 Retention time/min	CK1	CK2	T1	T2	T3	T4
2-甲基四氢噻吩2-Methylthiolane, S,S-dioxide	C₅H₁₀O₂S	5.70	—	—	—	—	9.37	—
二甲基三硫化物Dimethyl trisulfide	C₂H₆S₃	9.06	28.12	16.59	8.17	12.73	1.43	1.28
2,3,5-三硫代己烷Disulfide, methyl (methylthio)methyl	C₃H₈S₃	9.73	0.37	—	—	0.33	—	0.70
甲基异戊基二硫化物Disulfide, isopentyl methyl	C₆H₁₄S₂	14.38	0.28	—	—	—	—	—
二甲基四硫醚 Tetrasulfide, dimethyl	C₂H₆S₄	18.13	11.32	3.38	0.38	1.32	2.20	16.84
2,4,5-三硫代己烷-2,2-二氧化物	C₃H₈O₂S₃	21.94	0.51	—	—	—	—	—
2,4,5-Trithiahexane 2,2-dioxide
氮化物Nitrides
乙酸铵Ammonium acetate	C₂H₇NO₂	3.65	—	—	—	—	—	0.28
2-氨基咪唑1H-Imidazol-2-amine	C₃H₅N₃	5.16	—	2.97	—	—	—	—
异己腈Isoamyl cyanide	C₆H₁₁N	5.76	—	—	—	—	7.70	—
N-亚甲基-乙胺Ethanamine, N-methylene-	C₃H₇N	9.38	—	—	—	1.24	—	—
呋甲苯丙胺Furfurylmethylamphetamine	C₁₅H₁₉NO	9.55	0.67	0.86	—	—	—	—
4-羟基吡啶4-Pyridinol	C₅H₅NO	11.33	—	—	0.43	—	—	—
5H-四唑-5-胺5H-Tetrazol-5-amine	CH₃N₅	12.69	—	—	—	—	0.26	—
1-异氰基-2-甲苯Benzene, 1-isocyano-2-methyl-	C₈H₇N	13.30	—	—	—	—	0.42	—
5-甲基黄酰戊腈Pentanenitrile, 5-(methylthio)-	C₆H₁₁NS	14.67	0.79	—	—	0.70	0.33	—
3-苯基丙腈Benzenepropanenitrile	C₉H₉N	15.50	0.89	0.71	0.83	0.84	0.52	1.59
1-异氰基-3-甲苯 Benzene, 1-isocyano-3-methyl-	C₈H₇N	19.70	—	0.42	0.53	0.57	—	0.58
4-甲苯基异腈Benzene, 1-isocyano-4-methyl-	C₈H₇N	19.84	0.49	0.39	—	0.59	—	—
呋喃类Furan
2-正戊基呋喃Furan, 2-pentyl-	C₉H₁₄O	7.70	—	0.80	—	—	0.75	0.70
顺式-2-戊烯基呋喃cis-2-(2-Pentenyl)furan	C₉H₁₂O	7.85	0.43	—	—	0.27	—	—
2-乙基-5-甲基呋喃Furan, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-	C₇H₁₀O	8.35	—	—	—	—	—	0.46
2-乙基呋喃Furan, 2-ethyl-	C₆H₈O	9.71	1.60	5.96	7.72	4.59	4.74	5.89
2-(2-丙烯基)-呋喃 Furan, 2-(2-propenyl)-	C₇H₈O	12.53	—	—	0.69	—	0.44	0.46
2-丁基四氢呋喃Furan, 2-butyltetrahydro-	C₈H₁₆O	14.84	—	0.29	—	—	—	—
2-N-已基呋喃Furan, 2-hexyl-	C₁₀H₁₆O	24.34	2.73	—	—	2.43	—	—
其他 Others
反式-2-己烯酸2-Hexenoic acid, (E)-	C₆H₁₀O₂	1.28	—	—	—	—	0.25	0.65
1-甲基-1,2-环氧环己烷 7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1-methyl-	C₇H₁₂O	1.52	—	1.52	—	—	—	—
醋酸Acetic acid	C₂H₄O₂	3.67	—	0.57	—	—	0.29	—
丙酸酐Propanoic acid, anhydride	C₆H₁₀O₃	3.77	—	—	3.17	1.88	1.32	4.46
2-甲基戊酸酐 Pentanoic acid, 2-methyl-, anhydride	C₁₂H₂₂O₃	8.61	0.74	2.39	—	2.75	1.56	1.63
己酸Hexanoic acid	C₆H₁₂O₂	9.20	—	—	—	—	—	1.15
戊酸酐Valeric anhydride	C₁₀H₁₈O₃	16.47	0.42	—	1.35	—	0.50	1.13
邻苯二甲醚Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-	C₈H₁₀O₂	16.82	0.42	0.75	0.92	0.85	0.57	0.67
1-乙酰基-1-环己烯 Ethanone, 1-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-	C₈H₁₂O	17.84	—	—	0.43	—	—	—
α-环氧蒎2,7,7-trimethyl-3-Oxatricyclo[4.1.1.0(2,4)]octane	C₁₀H₁₆O	19.19	0.43	—	—	—	—	—
4-仲丁基苯酚Phenol, 4-(1-methylpropyl)-	C₁₀H₁₄O	20.58	1.88	1.69	2.81	—	1.81	1.15
二氧化二聚环戊二烯 Dicyclopentadiene diepoxide	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	21.30	0.34	—	—	—	—	—
异戊酸酐2-Methylbutanoic anhydride	C₁₀H₁₈O₃	23.27	—	—	—	0.37	—	—
2-仲-丁基苯酚Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-	C₁₀H₁₄O	27.60	—	—	—	1.26	—	—

有机肥与化肥配施对松花菜花球营养品质和挥发性物质的影响

Effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on nutritional quality and volatile compounds of cauliflower

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处理 Treatment	春茬Spring				秋茬Autumn
	生物有机肥 Bio-organic fertilizer	化肥养分 Total nutrient			第一次追肥 The 1st topdressing	第二次追肥 The 2nd topdressing			第三次追肥 The 3rd topdressing
	生物有机肥 Bio-organic fertilizer			N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CK2	0	513	573	276	57	189	357	81	45	18	63
T1	0	442.5	96.0	415.5	249	96	48	48	45	18	63
T2	3 000	442.5	96.0	415.5	249	96	48	48	45	18	63
T3	6 000	442.5	96.0	415.5	249	96	48	48	45	18	63
T4	12 000	442.5	96.0	415.5	249	96	48	48	45	18	63

成分Component	香味Aroma	CK1	CK2	T1	T2	T3	T4
反-2-已烯醛 (E)-2-Hexenal	果香Fruity	—	—	—	—	—	7.79
壬醛Nonanal	果香和花香Fruity and floral	8.78	6.14	9.11	15.39	12.32	4.59
香叶基丙酮(E) 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-one	果香和蜡香Fruity and waxy	—	—	0.39	0.39	0.26	—
β-紫罗酮beta-Ionone	花香Floral	—	—	—	—	0.25	0.19
水杨酸甲酯Methyl salicylate	青草香Green	—	—	—	0.22	—	—
总量Total content/%		8.78	6.14	9.50	16.00	12.83	12.57

主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	贡献率 Contribution rate/%	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%
1	8.00	44.42	44.42
2	4.46	24.80	69.22
3	3.05	16.93	86.15
4	1.51	8.41	94.56
5	0.98	5.44	100

指标Index	PC1	PC2	PC3
可溶性蛋白Soluble protein	0.573	0.087	0.134
可溶性糖Soluble sugar	0.793	-0.072	0.248
V_C	0.868	0.198	0.100
硝酸盐Nitrate	-0.131	0.582	-0.105
有机酸Organic acid	0.314	0.646	-0.667
Ca	0.749	-0.185	0.612
Mg	0.830	0.021	-0.112
Fe	0.983	-0.044	0.160
Zn	0.515	0.177	0.133
Mn	0.813	-0.053	0.321
醛类数量Number of aldehyde	-0.225	-0.954	0.037
醛类含量Content of aldehyde	-0.198	0.873	-0.074
酮类数量Number of ketones	0.903	0.205	-0.337
酮类含量Content of ketones	0.670	0.114	-0.633
硫化物数量Number of sulfide	0.265	-0.855	-0.186
硫化物含量Content of sulfide	-0.268	-0.890	-0.030
氮化物数量Number of nitrides	0.056	0.110	0.904
氮化物含量Content of nitrides	0.277	0.048	0.907

处理 Treatment	F₁	F₂	F₃	F	排序 Rank
CK1	-1.488	-1.181	-0.074	-2.743	6
CK2	-0.879	-0.009	0.398	-0.490	4
T1	-0.927	0.914	-0.760	-0.773	5
T2	1.084	0.646	0.052	1.782	2
T3	1.062	0.473	0.777	2.312	1
T4	1.147	-0.167	-0.398	0.582	3

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