茶树品种峨眉问春和川茶2号新梢主要生化成分分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.09.03

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 1592-1601.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.09.03

茶树品种峨眉问春和川茶2号新梢主要生化成分分析

谢文钢¹^,²(), 陈玮¹, 谭礼强¹, 杨洋³, 唐茜¹^,^*()

1.四川农业大学园艺学院,四川成都 611130
2.贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳 550005
3.四川一枝春茶业有限公司,四川乐山 614501

收稿日期:2020-10-19 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-10-09
通讯作者: 唐茜
作者简介:* 唐茜,E-mail: tangqi2008@126.com
谢文钢(1987—),男,四川泸州人,博士研究生,讲师,主要从事茶树栽培与育种研究。E-mail: xiewengang62@163.com
基金资助:
“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001601)

Analysis of main biochemical components in new shoots of tea cultivars Emeiwenchun and Chuancha No. 2

XIE Wengang¹^,²(), CHEN Wei¹, TAN Liqiang¹, YANG Yang³, TANG Qian¹^,^*()

1. College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2. College of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
3. Sichuan Yizhichun Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Leshan 614501, China

Received:2020-10-19 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-10-09
Contact: TANG Qian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解峨眉问春和川茶2号在四川茶区的产量及鲜叶品质,以福鼎大白茶为对照,对翠屏、沐川、名山茶区的峨眉问春和川茶2号的芽叶性状和主要生化成分进行测定。结果表明:三地的峨眉问春芽叶较长较重,发芽密度与对照相当;其春、夏梢的茶多酚、儿茶素和咖啡碱含量均显著(P<0.05)高于对照,游离氨基酸总量均显著(P<0.05)低于对照。川茶2号芽叶较重实,发芽密度显著(P<0.05)高于对照;其春、夏梢的水浸出物含量和游离氨基酸总量均显著(P<0.05)高于对照,茶多酚、儿茶素含量及酚氨比均显著(P<0.05)低于对照;其春梢的茶氨酸、鲜爽味氨基酸含量及儿茶素品质指数均显著(P<0.05)高于对照,儿茶素苦涩味指数均显著(P<0.05)低于对照。峨眉问春和川茶2号在三地均表现出高产潜力及较好的适应性。川茶2号具有鲜爽、苦涩味轻的生化物质基础,可开发高档名优绿茶,可在四川全省茶区推广。峨眉问春鲜叶品质不及对照,可在川南早茶产区进行适度推广。

关键词: 茶树, 峨眉问春, 川茶2号, 芽叶性状, 生化成分

Abstract:

In order to understand the yield and fresh leaf quality of Emeiwenchun and Chuancha No. 2 in Sichuan tea area, the bud and leaf characters and main biochemical components of Emeiwenchun and Chuancha No. 2 from Cuiping, Muchuan and Mingshan tea areas were determined with Fudingdabaicha as the control. The results showed that the buds and leaves of Emeiwenchun were longer and heavier, and the germination density was similar to that of the control; the contents of tea polyphenols, catechins and caffeine in spring and summer shoots were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the control, and the total free amino acids were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the control. The buds and leaves of Chuancha No. 2 were more dense, and the germination density was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the control; the water extract content and total free amino acid content of spring and summer shoots were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the control, the contents of tea polyphenols, catechins and phenol ammonia ratio were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of the control; the contents of theanine, fresh taste amino acid and catechin quality index of its spring shoots were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the control, and the bitter and astringent taste index of catechins were significantly (P<0.05) lower than the control. Emeiwenchun and Chuancha No. 2 showed high yield potential and good adaptability in three areas. Chuancha No. 2 has the biochemical material basis of fresh, bitter and astringent taste, which can be developed into high-grade famous green tea and can be popularized in tea areas of the whole Sichuan Province. The quality of fresh leaves of Emeiwenchun was not as good as that of the control, so it could be moderately popularized in the early tea producing areas in South Sichuan.

Key words: tea plant, Emeiwenchun, Chuancha No. 2, bud and leaf characters, biochemical components

中图分类号:

S571.1

谢文钢, 陈玮, 谭礼强, 杨洋, 唐茜. 茶树品种峨眉问春和川茶2号新梢主要生化成分分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(9): 1592-1601.

XIE Wengang, CHEN Wei, TAN Liqiang, YANG Yang, TANG Qian. Analysis of main biochemical components in new shoots of tea cultivars Emeiwenchun and Chuancha No. 2[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(9): 1592-1601.

图/表 7

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地区 Region	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude/m	年均温度 Average annual temperature/℃	年均降雨量 Average annual rainfall/mm	年均日照时数 Average sunshine hours/h	年均湿度 Average annual humidity/%
CP	104°42'7.7″E	28°59'51.9″N	399.0	18.7	1 143.5	1 069	80
MC	103°53'16.3″E	28°59'24.5″N	499.0	17.3	1 332.0	968	84
MS	103°12'13.9″E	30°12'29.5″N	762.4	15.4	1 500.0	1 018	82

地区 Region	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude/m	年均温度 Average annual temperature/℃	年均降雨量 Average annual rainfall/mm	年均日照时数 Average sunshine hours/h	年均湿度 Average annual humidity/%
CP	104°42'7.7″E	28°59'51.9″N	399.0	18.7	1 143.5	1 069	80
MC	103°53'16.3″E	28°59'24.5″N	499.0	17.3	1 332.0	968	84
MS	103°12'13.9″E	30°12'29.5″N	762.4	15.4	1 500.0	1 018	82

地区 Region	品种 Variety	芽叶色泽 Shoots color	芽叶茸毛 Shoots pubescence	发芽密度 Budding density/m^-2	一芽二叶Two leaves a bud		一芽三叶Three leaves a bud
地区 Region	品种 Variety	芽叶色泽 Shoots color	芽叶茸毛 Shoots pubescence	发芽密度 Budding density/m^-2	芽长 Length/cm	百芽重 Weight/g	芽长 Length/cm	百芽重 Weight/g
CP	EM	黄绿YG	中等M	946.33±66.25 e	5.15±0.47 de	38.84±1.76 b	7.75±0.65 a	64.24±1.10 a
	CC	绿G	中等M	1339.33±98.02 b	5.37±0.45 cd	36.53±1.76 cd	6.32±0.65 c	48.84±1.87 e
	FD	黄绿YG	多D	1102.25±107.89 d	4.98±0.39 e	37.73±0.98 bc	6.19±0.74 c	51.22±1.40 d
MC	EM	黄绿YG	中等M	822.83±96.85 f	5.77±0.50 b	37.68±1.05 bc	7.45±0.94 ab	54.10±1.54 c
	CC	绿G	中等M	1202.25±72.20 c	5.40±0.50 cd	35.21±0.76 de	7.32±0.50 ab	50.98±1.66 d
	FD	黄绿YG	多D	872.92±88.06 ef	5.70±0.38 bc	43.17±1.49 a	7.40±1.05 ab	51.22±1.08 d
MS	EM	黄绿YG	中等M	1114.33±99.65 d	6.43±0.50 a	37.40±1.06 bc	7.35±1.03 ab	64.62±2.13 a
	CC	绿G	中等M	1620.50±141.56 a	5.65±0.41 bc	34.28±0.92 e	7.19±0.59 b	59.78±1.80 b
	FD	黄绿YG	多D	1166.83±103.16 cd	5.28±0.44 de	30.42±1.33 f	6.40±0.52 c	58.34±2.14 b

地区 Region	品种 Variety	芽叶色泽 Shoots color	芽叶茸毛 Shoots pubescence	发芽密度 Budding density/m^-2	一芽二叶Two leaves a bud		一芽三叶Three leaves a bud
地区 Region	品种 Variety	芽叶色泽 Shoots color	芽叶茸毛 Shoots pubescence	发芽密度 Budding density/m^-2	芽长 Length/cm	百芽重 Weight/g	芽长 Length/cm	百芽重 Weight/g
CP	EM	黄绿YG	中等M	946.33±66.25 e	5.15±0.47 de	38.84±1.76 b	7.75±0.65 a	64.24±1.10 a
	CC	绿G	中等M	1339.33±98.02 b	5.37±0.45 cd	36.53±1.76 cd	6.32±0.65 c	48.84±1.87 e
	FD	黄绿YG	多D	1102.25±107.89 d	4.98±0.39 e	37.73±0.98 bc	6.19±0.74 c	51.22±1.40 d
MC	EM	黄绿YG	中等M	822.83±96.85 f	5.77±0.50 b	37.68±1.05 bc	7.45±0.94 ab	54.10±1.54 c
	CC	绿G	中等M	1202.25±72.20 c	5.40±0.50 cd	35.21±0.76 de	7.32±0.50 ab	50.98±1.66 d
	FD	黄绿YG	多D	872.92±88.06 ef	5.70±0.38 bc	43.17±1.49 a	7.40±1.05 ab	51.22±1.08 d
MS	EM	黄绿YG	中等M	1114.33±99.65 d	6.43±0.50 a	37.40±1.06 bc	7.35±1.03 ab	64.62±2.13 a
	CC	绿G	中等M	1620.50±141.56 a	5.65±0.41 bc	34.28±0.92 e	7.19±0.59 b	59.78±1.80 b
	FD	黄绿YG	多D	1166.83±103.16 cd	5.28±0.44 de	30.42±1.33 f	6.40±0.52 c	58.34±2.14 b

季节 Season	地区 Region	品种 Variety	水浸出物 Water extract/%	茶多酚 Tea polyphenol/%	氨基酸 Amino acid/%	咖啡碱 Caffeine/%	儿茶素 Catechin/%	酚氨比 Phenol ammonia ratio
春季	CP	EM	46.82±1.10 b	21.58±0.62 e	4.07±0.04 f	4.34±0.23 b	16.50±0.1 gh	5.30±0.20 e
Spring		CC	48.12±0.33 a	19.07±0.26 jk	5.45±0.12 d	4.11±0.04 c	14.87±0.19 k	3.50±0.03 h
		FD	46.54±1.02 b	20.69±0.25 fg	4.21±0.06 f	4.08±0.06 c	16.25±0.10 hi	4.91±0.07 f
	MC	EM	40.78±0.39 f	20.63±0.15 fg	4.06±0.02 f	3.72±0.04 d	16.17±0.25 i	5.08±0.04 ef
		CC	44.85±0.49 c	18.87±0.47 k	5.63±0.08 c	3.67±0.06 d	13.48±0.15 m	3.35±0.07 i
		FD	39.51±0.77 g	19.70±0.49 hi	5.02±0.10 e	4.65±0.08 a	15.38±0.05 j	3.92±0.16 g
	MS	EM	41.35±0.42 ef	19.48±0.29 ij	5.42±0.11 d	3.61±0.05 de	14.89±0.16 k	3.60±0.04 h
		CC	47.39±0.60 ab	17.47±0.06 l	7.09±0.13 a	3.53±0.08 ef	12.17±0.08 n	2.46±0.05 j
		FD	40.14±0.98 fg	18.68±0.23 k	5.96±0.06 b	3.14±0.09 i	13.92±0.15 l	3.13±0.07 i
夏季	CP	EM	41.37±0.90 ef	23.20±0.24 b	3.19±0.06 l	3.38±0.04 gh	20.08±0.15 b	7.27±0.19 a
Summer		CC	45.19±0.98 c	20.84±0.43 f	3.76±0.14 g	3.15±0.06 i	16.89±0.14 f	5.55±0.14 d
		FD	42.26±1.05 de	21.52±0.31 e	3.43±0.21 ij	3.12±0.06 i	18.16±0.19 d	6.29±0.32 c
	MC	EM	40.84±0.72 f	24.23±0.34 a	3.23±0.06 l	3.63±0.06 de	20.38±0.12 a	7.50±0.22 a
		CC	40.15±0.65 fg	21.88±0.28 de	4.03±0.09 f	3.60±0.04 de	19.43±0.19 c	5.43±0.11 d
		FD	43.18±0.43 d	22.91±0.49 bc	3.56±0.11 i	4.31±0.05 b	20.11±0.11 b	6.45±0.33 bc
	MS	EM	41.12±0.56 ef	22.41±0.25 cd	3.35±0.13 l	3.46±0.06 fg	19.68±0.17 c	6.69±0.24 b
		CC	44.58±0.75 c	20.25±0.24 gh	4.14±0.05 f	3.70±0.06 d	16.62±0.20 g	4.89±0.11 f
		FD	42.64±0.43 d	19.97±0.28 hi	3.63±0.16 g	3.33±0.05 h	17.59±0.16 e	5.51±0.32 d

茶树品种峨眉问春和川茶2号新梢主要生化成分分析

Analysis of main biochemical components in new shoots of tea cultivars Emeiwenchun and Chuancha No. 2

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地区 Region	CP			MC			MS
品种 variety	EM	CC	FD	EM	CC	FD	EM	CC	FD
Asp	2.16±0.10 e	2.73±0.16 d	3.03±0.05 c	1.99±0.08 e	1.63±0.17 f	2.10±0.06 e	3.39±0.11 b	3.61±0.21 a	3.38±0.12 b
Thr	0.41±0.02 a	0.40±0.02 a	0.33±0.02 b	0.17±0.02 e	0.24±0.02 d	0.27±0.01 c	0.40±0.02 a	0.38±0.02 a	0.33±0.01 b
Ser	0.61±0.02 cd	0.79±0.06 c	0.63±0.06 cd	0.39±0.06 e	0.46±0.01 de	0.67±0.03 c	1.47±0.14 a	1.14±0.11 b	1.46±0.26 a
Asn	0.52±0.08 a	0.44±0.07 b	0.13±0.04 de	0.07±0.01 e	0.18±0.04 d	0.14±0.02 de	0.18±0.05 d	0.15±0.02 de	0.27±0.02 c
Glu	2.69±0.08 e	3.63±0.24 c	3.27±0.26 d	3.61±0.16 c	2.71±0.13 e	3.53±0.13 cd	5.33±0.32 a	4.12±0.18 b	5.63±0.23 a
Gln	0.60±0.12 g	1.43±0.18 f	0.92±0.15 g	1.32±0.12 f	2.31±0.24 e	2.75±0.34 d	4.58±0.12 b	5.91±0.33 a	4.11±0.17 c
The	16.04±0.67 g	26.57±0.61 d	18.40±0.64 f	18.05±0.08 f	29.08±0.12 c	22.62±0.63 e	28.26±0.18 c	39.93±0.87 a	33.37±0.31 b
Gly	0.04±0.01 bcd	0.05±0.01 b	0.03±0.01 cde	0.02±0.01 e	0.03±0.01 cde	0.04±0.01 bc	0.02±0.01 de	0.08±0.01 a	0.09±0.01 a
Ala	0.29±0.09 cd	0.39±0.04 bc	0.31±0.01 cd	0.19±0.04 d	0.23±0.05 d	0.27±0.05 cd	0.23±0.03 d	0.44±0.11 ab	0.53±0.14 a
Val	0.56±0.04 a	0.62±0.03 a	0.43±0.04 b	0.24±0.03 e	0.37±0.07 bc	0.37±0.03 bc	0.29±0.02 de	0.36±0.05 c	0.33±0.03 cd
Cys	0.07±0.01 b	0.08±0.01 b	0.05±0.01 c	0.07±0.01 b	0.04±0.01 c	0.07±0.01 b	0.08±0.01 b	0.07±0.02 b	0.11±0.02 a
Ile	0.21±0.02 a	0.16±0.02 b	0.10±0.02 c	0.04±0.01 de	0.06±0.01 d	0.05±0.01 d	0.05±0.01 d	0.02±0.01 e	0.02±0.01 e
Leu	0.34±0.04 a	0.30±0.04 a	0.19±0.02 b	0.09±0.01 cd	0.09±0.01 cd	0.07±0.01 cde	0.11±0.01 c	0.04±0.02 e	0.05±0.02 de
Tyr	0.30±0.07 a	0.22±0.04 b	0.16±0.03 c	0.05±0.02 d	0.08±0.02 d	0.06±0.02 d	0.06±0.01 d	0.04±0.02 d	0.05±0.02 d
Phe	0.75±0.04 a	0.38±0.05 b	0.23±0.02 c	0.11±0.02 de	0.13±0.02 d	0.09±0.01 de	0.13±0.03 d	0.08±0.04 e	0.07±0.03 e
gABA	0.24±0.02 a	0.16±0.02 b	0.24±0.03 a	0.08±0.03 c	0.04±0.01 d	0.08±0.01 c	0.10±0.02 c	0.09±0.02 c	0.22±0.02 a
Lys	0.33±0.03 a	0.23±0.04 b	0.14±0.02 c	0.07±0.02 d	0.08±0.02 d	0.07±0.01 d	0.08±0.01 d	0.08±0.03 d	0.11±0.03 cd
His	0.10±0.01 d	0.15±0.03 c	0.16±0.02 c	0.04±0.01 e	0.07±0.02 de	0.18±0.02 bc	0.05±0.02 e	0.21±0.02 b	0.38±0.01 a
Arg	0.10±0.03 e	0.62±0.04 c	0.40±0.02 d	0.12±0.01 e	0.40±0.08 d	1.72±0.08 b	0.14±0.02 e	2.32±0.03 a	—
Pro	0.34±0.02 b	0.39±0.02 a	—	0.19±0.02 d	0.31±0.04 b	—	0.23±0.02 c	—	—
TA¹⁾	26.68±0.85 h	39.74±0.68 d	29.15±0.53 g	26.90±0.26 h	38.54±0.10 e	35.15±0.83 f	45.19±0.26 c	59.10±0.64 a	50.51±0.66 b

地区 Region	CP			MC			MS
品种 variety	EM	CC	FD	EM	CC	FD	EM	CC	FD
GC	1.28±0.02 c	1.94±0.02 a	—	1.05±0.03 f	1.27±0.02 c	0.94±0.02 g	1.18±0.02 e	1.24±0.03 d	1.35±0.03 b
EGC	16.37±0.15 a	12.44±0.15 d	16.10±0.08 a	12.92±0.13 c	9.63±0.71 f	13.52±0.22 b	13.07±0.14 c	8.77±0.26 g	10.89±0.35 e
C	3.14±0.04 bc	4.24±0.04 a	1.41±0.06 g	2.95±0.09 cd	3.18±0.09 b	2.23±0.11 f	2.90±0.12 d	2.57±0.18 e	1.54±0.23 g
EC	14.15±0.07 a	11.4±0.15 c	10.21±0.14 e	12.16±0.10 b	9.89±0.24 e	11.13±0.19 d	12.03±0.09 b	8.06±0.09 f	8.12±0.10 f
EGCG	72.59±1.20 e	83.72±1.21 c	91.68±1.76 a	66.72±1.57 f	79.52±2.05 d	87.96±1.42 b	70.85±1.27 e	75.58±1.80 d	84.67±2.00 c
GCG	25.66±0.70 b	3.92±0.61 g	12.31±1.44 d	34.12±1.37 a	5.48±0.52 f	8.30±0.30 e	21.63±0.93 c	3.88±0.81 g	7.72±0.45 e
ECG	28.98±1.53 ab	29.75±0.39 a	27.39±0.85 bc	29.57±1.38 a	24.44±0.74 e	26.26±0.95 cd	24.69±0.80 de	20.13±0.97 f	21.78±0.46 f
CG	2.79±0.64 ab	1.29±0.19 c	3.37±0.32 a	2.20±0.61 bc	1.43±0.39 c	3.46±0.24 a	2.57±0.51 ab	1.47±0.60 c	3.18±0.79 a

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