日光温室环境空间异质性对番茄幼苗生长性能的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250544

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 1345-1354.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250544

日光温室环境空间异质性对番茄幼苗生长性能的影响

张枭坪¹(), 沈晖¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), 张杰¹

¹ 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院, 宁夏银川 750021
² 宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心, 宁夏银川 750021
³ 教育部旱区现代农业水资源高效利用工程研究中心, 宁夏银川 750021
⁴ 宁夏黄河水联网数字治水重点实验室, 宁夏银川 750021

收稿日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-08-20
作者简介:张枭坪,研究方向为旱区节水灌溉理论与技术。E-mail:1670575238@qq.com
通讯作者: *沈晖,E-mail: nxushh@126.com
基金资助:
清华大学-宁夏银川水联网数字治水联合研究院专项统筹重点项目(SKL-IOW-2023TC2301);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC03139);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2024AAC03090);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(水利工程学科)项目(NXYLXK2021A03)

Effect of spatial heterogeneity of solar greenhouse environment on the growth performance of tomato seedlings

ZHANG Xiaoping¹(), SHEN Hui¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), ZHANG Jie¹

¹ College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
² Ningxia Water-Saving Irrigation and Water Resources Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
³ Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Areas of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China
⁴ Ningxia Key Laboratory of Digital Water Governance and Yellow River Water Network, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2025-08-18 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究旱区育苗日光温室不同种植位置对温室环境、番茄幼苗生长的影响。以番茄品种粉冠503为试验材料,基于东西长、南北宽的覆膜半拱形日光温室开展不同种植位置的番茄幼苗培育试验,利用传感器对温室内环境数据进行采集,分析温室内环境变化规律,测定番茄幼苗的生理生长指标,并使用隶属函数法对不同种植位置的番茄幼苗生长进行综合评价。结果表明,温室中部位置的气温和空气湿度高于四周,光照度呈现东强西弱、南强北弱的特点。长度方向上,中部的基质温度高于东西两侧。跨度方向上,基质温度呈现北强南弱的特点。温室西侧环境利于番茄种子萌发、幼苗生长以及有机物积累;北侧环境利于幼苗有机物积累与根系发育;东侧环境促进幼苗根系生长、抑制地上部生长。根据隶属函数法对幼苗的生长指标综合评价得出,温室北侧幼苗评分最高(0.845)。

关键词: 日光温室, 番茄幼苗, 隶属函数法, 种植位置, 环境变化

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different planting positions in solar greenhouses on the greenhouse environment and the growth of tomato seedlings in arid areas, the tomato cultivar Fenguan 503 was used as the experimental material. A seedling cultivation experiment was conducted at different planting positions in a film-covered semi-arched solar greenhouse oriented east-west in length and north-south in width. Environmental factors inside the greenhouse were monitored using sensors, the variation characteristics of the greenhouse environment were analyzed, the physiological and growth traits of tomato seedlings were measured, and the membership function method was employed to comprehensively evaluate seedling performance at different planting positions. The results showed that temperature and humidity were higher in the central area than in the surrounding areas. Illuminance exhibited a spatial pattern of east > west and south > north. Along the longitudinal direction, substrate temperature in the central area was higher than that on the eastern and western sides, whereas along the transverse direction, substrate temperature was higher in the north than in the south. The western area favored seed germination, seedling growth, and organic matter accumulation, the northern area promoted organic matter accumulation and root development, and the eastern area tended to enhance root growth while suppressing aboveground growth. Comprehensive evaluation of growth traits of tomato seedlings based on the membership function method indicated that seedlings in the northern area achieved the highest score (0.845).

Key words: solar greenhouse, tomato seedling, membership function method, planting position, environmental change

中图分类号:

S641.2

张枭坪, 沈晖, 张杰. 日光温室环境空间异质性对番茄幼苗生长性能的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(7): 1345-1354.

ZHANG Xiaoping, SHEN Hui, ZHANG Jie. Effect of spatial heterogeneity of solar greenhouse environment on the growth performance of tomato seedlings[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(7): 1345-1354.

图/表 9

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传感器类别 Sensor category	传感器类型 Sensor type	量程 Range	精度 Precision	生产商 Producer
气温 Temperature	SM1210B-12	-30~85 ℃	±0.5 ℃	徐州法拉电子科技有限责任公司 Xuzhou Fara Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
空气湿度 Air humidity	SM1210B-12	0~100%	±3%	徐州法拉电子科技有限责任公司 Xuzhou Fara Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
光照度 Light illuminance	SM1210B-12	0~2 600 μmol·${{\mathrm{m}}^{-}}^{2}$·s^-1	±156 μmol·${{\mathrm{m}}^{-}}^{2}$·s^-1	徐州法拉电子科技有限责任公司 Xuzhou Fara Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
基质温度 Substrate temperature	JHT-UP	-40~60 ℃	±0.5 ℃	成都佳锂科技有限公司 Chengdu JAALEE Technology Co.,Ltd.

传感器类别 Sensor category	传感器类型 Sensor type	量程 Range	精度 Precision	生产商 Producer
气温 Temperature	SM1210B-12	-30~85 ℃	±0.5 ℃	徐州法拉电子科技有限责任公司 Xuzhou Fara Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
空气湿度 Air humidity	SM1210B-12	0~100%	±3%	徐州法拉电子科技有限责任公司 Xuzhou Fara Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
光照度 Light illuminance	SM1210B-12	0~2 600 μmol·${{\mathrm{m}}^{-}}^{2}$·s^-1	±156 μmol·${{\mathrm{m}}^{-}}^{2}$·s^-1	徐州法拉电子科技有限责任公司 Xuzhou Fara Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
基质温度 Substrate temperature	JHT-UP	-40~60 ℃	±0.5 ℃	成都佳锂科技有限公司 Chengdu JAALEE Technology Co.,Ltd.

测点 Point	气温/℃ Temperature/℃			空气湿度/% Air humidity/%			光照度/(μmol·m^-2·s^-1) Light illuminance/(μmol·m^-2· s^-1)			基质温度/℃ Substrate temperature/℃
测点 Point	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average
1	23.11	11.19	16.64	94.05	75.20	84.28	356.69	24.78	215.55	22.00	11.28	16.74
2	26.21	14.20	19.68	99.90	82.00	92.66	305.97	26.85	167.12	22.16	11.45	16.92
3	25.17	12.49	18.23	97.84	79.60	88.42	264.57	17.33	135.59	21.80	11.08	16.59
4	24.22	11.57	17.69	93.69	74.00	82.64	334.49	19.01	193.94	21.65	10.98	16.43
5	23.53	11.56	17.05	96.84	76.40	86.16	195.42	11.33	115.68	23.80	11.75	17.24

测点 Point	气温/℃ Temperature/℃			空气湿度/% Air humidity/%			光照度/(μmol·m^-2·s^-1) Light illuminance/(μmol·m^-2· s^-1)			基质温度/℃ Substrate temperature/℃
测点 Point	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average
1	23.11	11.19	16.64	94.05	75.20	84.28	356.69	24.78	215.55	22.00	11.28	16.74
2	26.21	14.20	19.68	99.90	82.00	92.66	305.97	26.85	167.12	22.16	11.45	16.92
3	25.17	12.49	18.23	97.84	79.60	88.42	264.57	17.33	135.59	21.80	11.08	16.59
4	24.22	11.57	17.69	93.69	74.00	82.64	334.49	19.01	193.94	21.65	10.98	16.43
5	23.53	11.56	17.05	96.84	76.40	86.16	195.42	11.33	115.68	23.80	11.75	17.24

处理 Treatment	株高/mm Plant height/mm	茎粗/mm Stem thickness/mm	叶面积/mm² Leaf area/mm²	叶片数 Number of leaves	SPAD
a组Group a	79.00±9.61 c	3.00±0.01 b	2 914.23±182.25 c	5.00±0 a	44.83±4.84 a
b组Group b	80.00±5.29 c	3.07±0.01 b	3 036.15±243.36 b	5.00±0 a	43.20±3.24 a
c组Group c	95.00±6.25 a	3.37±0.04 a	4 520.95±1 056.25 a	5.00±0 a	38.03±2.25 b
d组Group d	66.67±4.00 d	2.67±0.01 c	2 605.49±139.24 d	4.00±0 a	45.68±5.77 a
e组Group e	89.50±6.76 b	3.20±0.02 ab	3 067.48±445.21 b	5.00±0 a	41.86±2.89 ab

日光温室环境空间异质性对番茄幼苗生长性能的影响

Effect of spatial heterogeneity of solar greenhouse environment on the growth performance of tomato seedlings

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指标 Index	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2
株高Plant height	0.408 809	-0.185 408
茎粗Stem thickness	0.405 605	0.100 055
叶面积Leaf area	0.394 653	-0.026 533
SPAD	-0.417 120	0.162 079
全株鲜重Fresh weight of whole plant	0.414 580	0.136 257
全株干重Dry weight of whole plant	0.344 449	0.366 792
壮苗指数Seedling index	0.675 714	0.003 071
根冠比Root and shoot ratio	-0.219 290	0.564 665
特征值Eigenvalue	5 587 000	2 185 000
方差贡献率/%Variance contribution rate/%	69.843	27.312
累计贡献率/%Cumulative variance contribution rate/%	69.843	97.155
权重Weight	0.718 882	0.281 118

处理 Treatment	μ(X₁)	μ(X₂)	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排序 Rank
a组Group a	0.462 359	0.975 993	0.607	3
b组Group b	0.383 882	0.081 507	0.299	4
c组Group c	1	0.07 974	0.741	2
d组Group d	0	0	0	5
e组Group e	0.784 438	1	0.845	1

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