Abstract:

Drosophila melanogaster is the main species of fruit fly that damages red bayberry, and it is a green and environmentally friendly pest control technology to monitor and control this insect pest with attractants. Here, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used to collect chemical substances fermented daily for five consecutive days in ripe banana peel powder, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the chemical components. The attraction effect of banana peel powder on D. melanogaster was further investigated by indoor behavior selection test and outdoor population dynamics monitoring. The results showed that the aromatic components in the banana peel powder on the 1st and 2nd days were mainly composed of butyl isovalerate, and the content respectively reached 56.79% and 40.25%. At the same time, there were significant differences in chemical composition and content on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd, 4th and 5th days. The behavioral selection of the banana peel powder fermented for 1, 3, and 5 days on D. melanogaster showed that the banana peel powder on the first day had the highest attracting activity, and the attracting rates for female and male insects reached 62.50% and 60.00%, respectively. However, the banana peel powders on the 3rd and 5th days had no attracting activity. Field dynamic monitoring further showed that there were aromatic components in banana peel powder that attract D. melanogaster. In addition, the indoor behavior selection also showed that butyl isovalerate had a good attractant activity when the mass concentration was 1 000 μg·mL^-1, the attraction rates of female and male adults were as high as 71.25% and 66.25%, respectively. Therefore, we speculate that butyl isovalerate in banana peel powder is the main attractant active substance, which has potential use in the development of attractants for D. melanogaster.

Key words: banana peel powder, volatile chemical compound, behavior choice, dynamic monitoring, Drosophila melanogaster